Hyperfine structure and magnetic behavior of trivalent holmium in hexagonal LaCl sub 3.
Hyperfine structure and modified Zeeman effect in trivalent holmium in hexagonal lanthanum trichloride
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS↗
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Absolute frequency measurement and spectroscopy of gas laser transitions in the far infrared.
Absolute frequency measurement and spectroscopy of gas laser transitions in far IR, analyzing Zeeman effect
INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY↗
Zeeman Tuning Rates in the v3 Band of NO2
Zeeman spectra of the v3 fundamental (at approximately 1620 c/m) of nitrogen dioxide (14N02) have been recorded with magnetic fields of approximately 500 Gauss using a FTS (at the Kitt Peak National Observatory), as well as a tunable diode laser. At low magnetic fields the Zeeman effect is small compared to the spin-rotation interaction, and the Zeeman tuning rates are expected to be linear with magnetic field. Measured tuning rates of the Q-branch (KA = 2 - 9, N = 2 - 6) sigma transitions are compared to those expected for 2Sigma transitions in low magnetic fields, 2mu ogB/(2N+l). These measurements are required in the data analysis of an ultra-sensitive (pptv) in situ detector based on magnetic-rotation spectroscopy.
Mahon, C. H.↗
A technique for measuring magnetic fields on solar-type stars
A method is developed and tested by which magnetic-field strengths and area filling-factors of magnetic regions on late-type stars may be inferred from high-resolution, absorption-line profiles that have been broadened by the Zeeman effect. The technique involves fitting such profiles with a triplet of components, the shape of which is derived from profiles of lines of low Zeeman sensitivity. Tests of the systematic and random errors indicate that such magnetic flux measurements have an uncertainty of 20% for stars with field strengths of 2000 gauss if at least 10% of the stellar surface contains magnetic regions.
Marcy, G. W.↗
Chromospheric LAyer SpectroPolarimeter (CLASP2)
The sounding rocket Chromospheric Lyman-Alpha SpectroPolarimeter (CLASP) was launched on September 3rd, 2015, and successfully detected (with a polarization accuracy of 0.1 %) the linear polarization signals (Stokes Q and U) that scattering processes were predicted to produce in the hydrogen Lyman-alpha line (Ly; 121.567 nm). Via the Hanle effect, this unique data set may provide novel information about the magnetic structure and energetics in the upper solar chromosphere. The CLASP instrument was safely recovered without any damage and we have recently proposed to dedicate its second ight to observe the four Stokes profiles in the spectral region of the Mg II h and k lines around 280 nm; in these lines the polarization signals result from scattering processes and the Hanle and Zeeman effects. Here we describe the modifications needed to develop this new instrument called the "Chromospheric LAyer SpectroPolarimeter" (CLASP2).
CLASP↗
Effect of Rare Earth Elements (Er, Ho) on Semi-Metallic Materials (ScN) in an Applied Electric Field
The development of materials and fabrication technology for field-controlled spectrally active optics is essential for applications such as membrane optics, filters for LIDARs, windows for sensors, telescopes, spectroscopes, cameras and flat-panel displays. The dopants of rare earth elements, in a host of optical systems, create a number of absorption and emission band structures and can easily be incorporated into many high quality crystalline and amorphous hosts. In wide band-gap semiconductors like ScN, the existing deep levels can capture or emit the mobile charges, and can be ionized with the loss or capture of the carriers which are the fundamental basis of concept for smart optic materials. The band gap shrinkage or splitting with dopants supports the possibility of this concept. In the present work, a semi-metallic material (ScN) was doped with rare earth elements (Er, Ho) and tested under an applied electric field to characterize spectral and refractive index shifts by either Stark or Zeeman Effect. These effects can be verified using the UV-Vis spectroscopy, the Hall Effect measurement and the ellipsometric spectroscopy. The optical band gaps of ScN doped with Er and doped with Ho were experimentally estimated as 2.33eV and 2.24eV ( 0.2eV) respectively. This is less than that of undoped ScN (2.5 0.2eV). The red-shifted absorption onset is a direct evidence for the decrease of band gap energy (Eg), and the broadening of valence band states is attributable to the doping cases. A decrease in refractive index with an applied field was observed as a small shift in absorption coefficient using a variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometer. In the presence of an electric field, mobile carriers are redistributed within the space charge region (SCR) to produce this electro-refractive effect. The shift in refractive index is also affected by the density and location of deep potential wells within the SCR. In addition, the microstructure change was observed by a TEM analysis. These results give an insight for future applications for the field-controlled spectrally active material systems.
Kim, Hyunjung↗
Vibronic Transitions of Hexagonal Rare-Earth Trichlorides. I
Phonon spectrum of neodymium trichloride crystal lattice determined from polarized vibronic transition spectra and Zeeman effect of trivalent Pr and Nd impurity ions
VIBRATIONAL SPECTRUM↗
A far ultraviolet polarization analyzer for rocket use.
Rocket-borne far UV LiF resonantly scattered sunlight polarization analyzer, discussing optical filters spectrum division and Zeeman effect
Heath, D. F.↗
Fine structure of the 3/2/P and 4/2/P states of lithium
Fine structure of excited P states of Li measured for magnetic fields in proton NMR frequency using level crossing and Zeeman effect
Isler, R. C.↗
Magnetism in white dwarfs
White dwarf stars broadband circular polarization and normal/quadratic Zeeman effect
Angel, J. R. P.↗
Interpretation of the Minkowski bands in Grw + 70 deg 8247.
Demonstration on the basis of the spectral structure of circular polarization in Grw + 70 deg 8247, that the absorption bands are at least in part molecular in origin. The spectrum of molecular helium has strong bands coincident with several of the Minkowski bands and, in particular, at high temperature shows a strong band head at about 4125 A. Helium molecules could be formed in sufficient density to give the absorption features in the star if it has a pure helium atmosphere. The Zeeman effect in molecular helium can explain in general the observed spectral features in the polarization and also may be responsible for the continuum polarization.
Angel, J. R. P.↗
Observations of sunspot umbral velocity oscillations.
Review of sunspot umbral velocity measurements obtained free from any cross talk introduced by photospheric and penumbral scattered light by using lines formed only in the sunspot umbrae and showing no Zeeman effect. The maximum peak-to-peak amplitude of the umbral oscillatory velocity component is found to be of the order of 0.5 km per sec.
Bhatnagar, A.↗
Calculations for interpretation of solar vector magnetograph data
Computer techniques for data analysis of sunspot observations are presented. Photographic spectra were converted to digital form and analyzed. Methods of determining magnetic field strengths, i.e., the Zeeman effect, are discussed. Errors originating with telescope equipment and the magnetograph are treated. Flow charts of test programs and procedures of the data analysis are shown.
Dunn, A. R.↗
What causes the warp in the heliospheric current sheet
A comparative discussion of the warp in the heliospheric current sheet is presented. Pioneer 10 and 11 data of the interplanetary magnetic field compared with earlier data (Helios 1 and 2) show a good agreement on the phenomenon of the warp; however, the interpretations differ. One theory (Thomas and Smith, 1980) proposes that fast solar wind streams associated with interaction regions may move the current sheet higher to heliospheric latitudes, thus causing the warp; while the earlier theory (1976) adequately explained the phenomenon by using the observed photospheric magnetic field and the Zeeman effect but omitted the solar wind dynamical considerations as part of the computations. It is shown that the Helios data of the polarity of the interplanetary magnetic field are in good agreement with the computed location of the current sheet, confirming the earlier theory.
Wilcox, J. M.↗
A system for measuring thermal activation energy levels in silicon by thermally stimulated capacitance
One method being used to determine energy level(s) and electrical activity of impurities in silicon is described. The method is called capacitance transient spectroscopy (CTS). It can be classified into three basic categories: the thermally stimulated capacitance method, the voltage-stimulated capacitance method, and the light-stimulated capacitance method; the first two categories are discussed. From the total change in capacitance and the time constant of the capacitance response, emission rates, energy levels, and trap concentrations can be determined. A major advantage of using CTS is its ability to detect the presence of electrically active impurities that are invisible to other techniques, such as Zeeman effect atomic absorption, and the ability to detect more than one electrically active impurity in a sample. Examples of detection of majority and minority carrier traps from gold donor and acceptor centers in silicon using the capacitance transient spectrometer are given to illustrate the method and its sensitivity.
Cockrum, R. H.↗
Observations of the longitudinal magnetic field in the transition region and photosphere of a sunspot
The Ultraviolet Spectrometer and Polarimeter on the Solar Maximum Mission spacraft has observed for the first time the longitudinal component of the magnetic field by means of the Zeeman effect in the transition region above a sunspot. The data presented here were obtained on three days in one sunspot, have spatial resolutions of 10 arcsec and 3 arcsec, and yield maximum field strengths greater than 1000 G above the umbrae in the spot. The method of analysis, including a line-width calibration feature used during some of the observations, is described in some detail in an appendix; the line width is required for the determination of the longitudinal magnetic field from the observed circular polarization. The transition region data for one day are compared with photospheric magnetograms from the Marshall Space Flight Center. Vertical gradients of the magnetic field are compared from the two sets of data; the maximum gradients of 0.41 to 0.62 G/km occur above the umbra and agree with or are smaller than values observed previously in the photosphere and low chromosphere.
Henze, W., Jr.↗
Approximate constants of motion for classically chaotic vibrational dynamics - Vague tori, semiclassical quantization, and classical intramolecular energy flow
Substantial short time regularity, even in the chaotic regions of phase space, is found for what is seen as a large class of systems. This regularity manifests itself through the behavior of approximate constants of motion calculated by Pade summation of the Birkhoff-Gustavson normal form expansion; it is attributed to remnants of destroyed invariant tori in phase space. The remnant torus-like manifold structures are used to justify Einstein-Brillouin-Keller semiclassical quantization procedures for obtaining quantum energy levels, even in the absence of complete tori. They also provide a theoretical basis for the calculation of rate constants for intramolecular mode-mode energy transfer. These results are illustrated by means of a thorough analysis of the Henon-Heiles oscillator problem. Possible generality of the analysis is demonstrated by brief consideration of classical dynamics for the Barbanis Hamiltonian, Zeeman effect in hydrogen and recent results of Wolf and Hase (1980) for the H-C-C fragment.
Shirts, R. B.↗
The derivation of vector magnetic fields from Stokes profiles - Integral versus least squares fitting techniques
The results of two methods for deriving photospheric vector magnetic fields from the Zeeman effect, as observed in the Fe I line at 6302.5 A at high spectral resolution (45 mA), are compared. The first method does not take magnetooptical effects into account, but determines the vector magnetic field from the integral properties of the Stokes profiles. The second method is an iterative least-squares fitting technique which fits the observed Stokes profiles to the profiles predicted by the Unno-Rachkovsky solution to the radiative transfer equation. For sunspot fields above about 1500 gauss, the two methods are found to agree in derived azimuthal and inclination angles to within about + or - 20 deg.
Ronan, R. S.↗