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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1993

An elementary tutorial on formal specification and verification using PVS

A tutorial on the development of a formal specification and its verification using the Prototype Verification System (PVS) is presented. The tutorial presents the formal specification and verification techniques by way of specific example - an airline reservation system. The airline reservation system is modeled as a simple state machine with two basic operations. These operations are shown to preserve a state invariant using the theorem proving capabilities of PVS. The technique of validating a specification via 'putative theorem proving' is also discussed and illustrated in detail. This paper is intended for the novice and assumes only some of the basic concepts of logic. A complete description of user inputs and the PVS output is provided and thus it can be effectively used while one is sitting at a computer terminal.

Butler, Ricky W.↗
NASA NTRS2014

pFUnit 3.0 Tutorial Advanced

This tutorial will introduce Fortran developers to unit-testing and test-driven development (TDD) using pFUnit. As with other unit-testing frameworks, pFUnit, simplifies the process of writing, collecting, and executing tests while providing clear diagnostic messages for failing tests. pFUnit specifically targets the development of scientific-technical software written in Fortran and includes customized features such as: assertions for multi-dimensional arrays, distributed (MPI) and thread-based (OpenMP) parallellism, and flexible parameterized tests.These sessions will include numerous examples and hands-on exercises that gradually build in complexity. Attendees are expected to have working knowledge of F90, but familiarity with object-oriented syntax in F2003 and MPI will be of benefit for the more advanced examples. By the end of the tutorial the audience should feel comfortable in applying pFUnit within their own development environment.

Test Driven using pFUnit↗
NASA NTRS2018

Impressed Sources and Fields in the Volume-Integral-Equation Formulation of Electromagnetic Scattering by a Finite Object: A Tutorial

Although free space cannot generate electromagnetic waves, the majority of existing accounts of frequency-domain electromagnetic scattering by particles and particle groups are based on the postulate of existence of an impressed incident field, usually in the form of a plane wave. In this tutorial we discuss how to account for the actual existence of impressed source currents rather than impressed incident fields. Specifically, we outline a self-consistent theoretical formalism describing electromagnetic scattering by an arbitrary finite object in the presence of arbitrarily distributed impressed currents, some of which can be far removed from the object and some can reside in its vicinity, including inside the object. To make the resulting formalism applicable to a wide range of scattering-object morphologies, we use the framework of the volume integral equation formulation of electromagnetic scattering, couple it with the notion of the transition operator, and exploit the fundamental symmetry property of this operator. Among novel results, this tutorial includes a streamlined proof of fundamental symmetry (reciprocity) relations, a simplified derivation of the Foldy equations, and an explicit analytical expression for the transition operator of a multi-component scattering object.

Symmetry relations↗
NASA NTRS2018

Addendum to "Impressed Sources and Fields in the Volume-Integral-Equation Formulation of Electromagnetic Scattering by a Finite Object: A Tutorial"

Our recent tutorial referred to in the title has summarized a general theoretical formalism of electromagnetic scattering by an arbitrary finite object in the presence of arbitrarily distributed impressed currents. This addendum builds on the tutorial to provide a streamlined discussion of specific far-field limits and the corresponding reciprocity relations by introducing appropriate far-field operators and linear maps and deriving the reciprocity relations through the pseudo adjoint of these maps. We thereby extend the compact operator calculus used previously to consider the fields and sources near or inside the scattering object.

Impressed Sources↗
DOE OSTI2024

Tutorial - Electric Motor and Integrated Traction Drive Thermal Management

The share of vehicles with fully electric propulsion systems is constantly increasing, and so is their traction drive power. The continuous push to increase power of electric vehicle (EV) traction drives necessitates their efficient cooling to prevent damage to temperature sensitive components of the drive system and achieving higher power outputs in a smaller footprint. With increasing power and power density of electric traction drives, their thermal management is becoming increasingly challenging. This tutorial will provide an overview of thermal management approaches for electric motors and power electronics in EV applications. It will review examples of current industry solutions for power-dense electric motor cooling, power electronics (inverter) cooling, their integration concepts and thermal management system solutions. We'll look at the advantages and challenges of power electronics integration into a single traction drive unit and respective thermal management system concepts. We'll talk about barriers to implementation of a unified thermal management system. The tutorial will also review key aspects of thermal management system design: modeling and simulation using FEA and CFD tools, experimental characterization, and general workflow for thermal management system evaluation.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSI↗
DOE OSTI2024

Tutorial on In Situ and Operando (Scanning) Transmission Electron Microscopy for Analysis of Nanoscale Structure–Property Relationships

In situ and operando (scanning) transmission electron microscopy [(S)TEM] is a powerful characterization technique that uses imaging, diffraction, and spectroscopy to gain nano-to-atomic scale insights into the structure–property relationships in materials. This technique is both customizable and complex because many factors impact the ability to collect structural, compositional, and bonding information from a sample during environmental exposure or under application of an external stimulus. In the past two decades, in situ and operando (S)TEM methods have diversified and grown to encompass additional capabilities, higher degrees of precision, dynamic tracking abilities, enhanced reproducibility, and improved analytical tools. Much of this growth has been shared through the community and within commercialized products that enable rapid adoption and training in this approach. This tutorial aims to serve as a guide for students, collaborators, and nonspecialists to learn the important factors that impact the success of in situ and operando (S)TEM experiments and assess the value of the results obtained. As this is not a step-by-step guide, readers are encouraged to seek out the many comprehensive resources available for gaining a deeper understanding of in situ and operando (S)TEM methods, property measurements, data acquisition, reproducibility, and data analytics.

(S)TEM↗
DOE OSTI2024

Tutorial: Extracting entanglement signatures from neutron spectroscopy

This tutorial is a pedagogical introduction to recent methods of computing quantum spin entanglement witnesses from spectroscopy, with a special focus on neutron scattering on quantum spin systems. We offer a brief introduction to the concepts and equations, define a data analysis protocol, and discuss the interpretation of three entanglement witnesses: one-tangle, two-tangle, and Quantum Fisher Information. We also discuss practical experimental considerations, and give three examples of extracting entanglement witnesses from experimental data: Copper Nitrate, KCuF 3 , and NiPS 3 .

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2024

A tutorial on the micro-trench technique for incident ion angle, material erosion, and impurity deposition measurements at plasma-facing surfaces

The micro-trench method is a new technique to measure polar and azimuthal incident ion angles, material erosion, and impurity deposition at plasma-facing surfaces, and has been applied in the DIII-D divertor. This article gives a tutorial of the micro-trench technique consisting of six steps: (1) micro-trench fabrication, (2) pre-exposure measurement of the fabricated micro-trench geometry, (3) tracer material deposition, (4) plasma exposure, (5) post-exposure observation of the tracer material, and (6) post-exposure measurement of the micro-trench geometry. Two criteria need to be satisfied to apply the micro-trench method successfully: (i) uniform impurity deposition on the micro-trench floor, and (ii) erosion dominated by the physical sputtering induced by the impinging ions. Furthermore, when those two criteria are satisfied, post-exposure analysis of the impurity deposition patterns on the micro-trench floor may be used to determine the polar and azimuthal incident ion directions (mean values of the ion angle directions), erosion rate, and impurity deposition rate during plasma exposure without computational interpretation.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2024

Tutorial: Defects in topological semimetals

Three-dimensional topological semimetals are a class of electronic materials in which their bulk and surface states contain linear band touching nodes near the Fermi level. Like semiconductors, their properties will be affected by point and extended defects in their crystal structures, although the extent to which defects and disorders influence topological semimetals may differ in key ways due to their unique electronic structures. In this Tutorial, we provide an overview of the defects in topological semimetals, covering both computational and experimental methods for exploring defect-property relationships. We also include a discussion on open questions that still need to be explored further.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Ice sculpting: An artificial spin ice Tutorial on controlling microstate and geometry for magnonics and neuromorphic computing

Artificial spin ice, arrays of strongly interacting nanomagnets, are complex magnetic systems with many emergent properties, rich microstate spaces, intrinsic physical memory, high-frequency dynamics in the GHz range, and compatibility with a broad range of measurement approaches. This Tutorial article aims to provide the foundational knowledge needed to understand, design, develop, and improve the dynamic properties of artificial spin ice. Special emphasis is placed on introducing the theory of micromagnetics, which describes the complex dynamics within these systems, along with their design, fabrication methods, and standard measurement and control techniques. The article begins with a review of the historical background, introducing the underlying physical phenomena and interactions that govern artificial spin ice. We then explore the standard experimental techniques used to prepare the microstate space of the nanomagnetic array and to characterize magnetization dynamics, both in artificial spin ice and more broadly in ferromagnetic materials. Finally, we introduce the basics of neuromorphic computing applied to the case of artificial spin ice systems with a goal to help researchers new to the field grasp these exciting new developments.

Sultana, Rawnak [Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE (Un↗
DOE OSTI2026

A tutorial on high-order harmonic generation in atoms, molecules, and condensed matter

This tutorial introduces strong-field-driven high-order harmonics, their experimental generation and characterization techniques, and their main applications including attosecond pulse generation and ultrafast spectroscopy of the target material. We begin from the use of atomic targets, where the first high-order harmonic generation (HHG) experiments were realized in the late 1980s. Then, we briefly discuss the basics of the microscopic generation mechanism and how various steps of the mechanism were exploited in applications such as generating isolated attosecond pulses and probing molecular orbitals. We introduce and describe the standard experimental approaches for condensed phase HHG, where we discuss unique technical challenges of the use of solid-state materials, such as the mitigation of plasma formation and laser damage. We cover the fundamentals of high-harmonic spectroscopy in condensed matter systems, such as wide bandgap dielectrics, semiconductors, liquid media, and 2D-crystals. We provide some examples of rapidly emerging spectroscopic capabilities, such as for probing crystal symmetries, Berry phases, and associated non-trivial topological properties of the source material. Finally, we provide an overview of the research field, including some of the challenges, opportunities, and open questions.

Attosecond pulses↗
DOE OSTI2025

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Distribution System Operations: A Tutorial and Survey

Here, the rapid evolution of modern electric power distribution systems into complex networks of interconnected active devices, distributed generation (DG), and storage poses increasing difficulties for system operators. The large-scale integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and the rapid exchange of measurement data via communication networks present major opportunities for advancing grid operations but also introduce greater uncertainty, higher data dimensionality, more complex network and device models, and challenging control and optimization problems. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms are promising in addressing these challenges. However, they have not been effectively adapted for power systems applications, requiring extensive customization for implementation and evaluation. This has resulted in reproducibility challenges and a steep learning curve for researchers new to applying DRL algorithms to the power systems domain. To bridge these gaps, this tutorial aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers interested in exploring learning-based algorithms to operate active power distribution networks. Specifically, this work presents a generalized process for translating sequential decision-making problems in power distribution systems into Markov decision process (MDP) formulations, illustrated through concrete grid service examples. Additionally, we introduce a simple environment design strategy to develop and evaluate example DRL algorithms for distribution system applications, complete with an included code repository to guide users through environment construction.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2025

2024 Workshop - Remote Sensing and Fluxes Upscaling for Real-world Impact - Tutorial v1

The software-tutorial was developed within the 2024 Remote Sensing and Fluxes Upscaling for Real-world Impact workshop as part of the hands-on session. The workshop was supported by AmeriFlux, National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) and CarbonDew. The software provides basic tools to perform the following tasks: - gather remote sensing images using Google Earth Engine API; - gather flux data; - perform basic functions, such as plotting time-series, perform QA of the data, compute vegetation indices; - perform correlation analysis between flux data and remote sensing data; - perform flux predictions based on remote sensing data integrated in different modalities.

Falco, Nicola [Lawrence Berkeley National Laborato↗
DOE OSTI2024

A tutorial review of machine learning-based model predictive control methods

Abstract This tutorial review provides a comprehensive overview of machine learning (ML)-based model predictive control (MPC) methods, covering both theoretical and practical aspects. It provides a theoretical analysis of closed-loop stability based on the generalization error of ML models and addresses practical challenges such as data scarcity, data quality, the curse of dimensionality, model uncertainty, computational efficiency, and safety from both modeling and control perspectives. The application of these methods is demonstrated using a nonlinear chemical process example, with open-source code available on GitHub. The paper concludes with a discussion on future research directions in ML-based MPC.

Wu, Zhe [Department of Chemical and Biomolecular E↗
DOE OSTI2026

OCHRE User Tutorial

OCHRE user tutorial via a browser extension.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

Waveform Simulation Framework: User Manual with Tutorials

This manuscript describes the Waveform Simulation Framework (WSF), a Python-based framework that provides a unified, programmable interface for generating synthetic seismograms for applications such as seismic array design, method development, and special event analysis. WSF standardizes how users define sources, receivers, and velocity models while abstracting simulator-specific configuration details, enabling workflows that are largely independent of the underlying numerical engine. The document provides installation guidance and tutorial-driven examples for three WSF simulator wrappers—WSF PyFK, WSF SW4, and WSF SPECFEM2D—illustrating end-to-end workflows from forward waveform simulation to common post-processing tasks (e.g., visualization and backprojection) using consistent data products (e.g., ObsPy Stream objects and SAC files).

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗