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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

How did the world’s first atomic bomb get its name? Looking back on the Trinity test on its 76th anniversary

The world’s first-ever atomic bomb is called The Gadget. It was detonated in the New Mexico desert on July 16,1945 during the Trinity test, verifying that an implosion-type plutonium bomb would be successful when released above Nagasaki just weeks later. That atomic bomb was called Fat Man and it was a weaponized version of the Trinity device of The Gadget. According to the longtime lore, the bulbous-looking Fat Man bomb’s name was inspired by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill. After the Thin Man bomb, whose moniker was inspired by the U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt, didn’t come to fruition, the gun-type uranium atomic bomb named Little Boy was developed. It was likely dubbed as such because it was smaller in size.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2021

Plutonium and poetry: Where Trinity and Oppenheimer's reading habits met Literary inspirations, correcting misinterpretation of his famous quote

The Lab’s first director, J. Robert Oppenheimer, was a man of sonnets and scientific synthesis. Oppenheimer’s work at Los Alamos was defined not only by physics and administrative skill, but also by a life philosophy inspired, in part, by literature. The Trinity test, which took place 76 years ago on July 16th in the New Mexico desert, epitomizes this. Known as one of the greatest scientific achievements ever, the successful detonation of the world’s first nuclear weapon marked the dawn of the Atomic Age. Created in just 27, albeit harrowing, months, Oppenheimer and his team at the Los Alamos Lab worked nonstop on this clandestine effort to help end World War II. As he had done throughout his life, Oppenheimer continued to foster his love of literature during the Manhattan Project. Two of his influences were John Donne and the Hindu scripture Bhagavad-Gita. Oppenheimer recalled both during the Trinity test.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
NASA NTRS1984

A Nd and Sr isotopic study of the Trinity peridotite Implications for mantle evolution

Field evidence is reported which indicates that the Trinity peridotite in Northern California was partially melted during its rise as part of the upwelling convecting mantle at a spreading center. A Sm-Nd mineral isochron for a plagioclase Iherzolite yielded an age of about 427 Ma which is significantly higher than that expected for depleted mantle during this period. The age is interpreted as the time of crystallization of trapped melt in the plagioclase Iherzolite P-T field, and probably represents the time when the massif was incorporated as a part of the oceanic lithosphere. The Sm-Nd model age of the plagioclase Iherzolite total rock is 3.4 AE. This suggests that the peridotite was derived from a mantle that was depleted early in earth history. Although most available data indicate that the depleted upper mantle has been relatively well stirred through time, the Trinity data suggest that very ancient Nd isotropic values are preserved and chemical and physical heterogeneities are sometimes preserved in the depleted source of midocean ridge basalts as well as the oceanic lithosphere which they intrude.

Jacobsen, S. B.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Demonstration of 151 Sm analysis using Trinity nuclear debris samples

Here, the long-lived fission product 151 Sm (T 1/2 ≈ 90 y) present in archived dissolved Trinity nuclear test debris samples was analyzed using liquid scintillation counting and the results were compared to the expected values based upon historical analysis results. The measured 151 Sm activities were found to agree with the expected values within experimental error. This demonstration validates the use of this technique in situations where the sample is too old for traditional shorter half-life radioactive fission product signatures such as 99 Mo (T 1/2 = 2.75 d), 97 Zr (T 1/2 = 16.7 h), 147 Nd (T 1/2 = 10.98 d), and 153 Sm (T 1/2 = 46.3 h), or too dilute for determining fissions through stable isotope ratio measurements.

151Sm↗
DOE OSTI2021

Woolwich, Bruceton, Los Alamos: Munroe Jets and the Trinity Gadget

Prewar work on the hydrodynamics of explosives and U.S./UK scientific cooperation well beyond Los Alamos contributed to the design of the explosive lenses for the Trinity gadget. Researchers were deliberately brought together and encouraged to share ideas by the leaders of the wartime laboratory. James Tuck, one of the British mission scientists, made particularly interesting contributions in this area, but this paper is not a claim of British or any other individual parentage. Rather, it highlights the importance of collaboration at Los Alamos and more widely.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2021

Fermi at Trinity

Enrico Fermi estimated the yield of the Trinity test to be about 10 kt by dropping small pieces of paper and observing their motion in the blast wave. This is about 40% of the radiochemically derived value of 25±2 kt that necessarily includes thermal and nuclear radiation that do not contribute to the blast. Although this story is classic, there appears to be no account of how he related his observation to the yield. This paper attempts to reconstruct how he might have done so.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2021

Weapons Radiochemistry: Trinity and Beyond

On July 16, 1945, the Trinity nuclear test exploded in the desert near Alamogordo, New Mexico. A variety of new diagnostic experiments were fielded in an effort to understand the detailed performance of the nuclear device. This paper describes a series of radiochemical experiments that were designed to measure the efficiency and neutron fluence of the test. These experiments, and the scientists who led them, laid the foundation of weapons radiochemistry for decades to come.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Trinity High Explosive Implosion System: The Foundation for Precision Explosive Applications

This article is set during the 1944 and 1945 final push to complete Project Y—the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos—and focuses primarily on overcoming the challenge of creating and demonstrating a successful convergent explosive implosion to turn a subcritical quantity of plutonium into a critical mass. The critical mass would then efficiently yield kilotons of trinitrotoluene (TNT)-equivalent energy in about a microsecond, demonstrating the implosion atomic bomb concept. This work culminated in the Trinity atomic test near Alamogordo on July 16, 1945. This implosion effect demarcated the approach to explosive science and technology the Laboratory has followed ever since, including development of high-explosive synthesis and formulation, small and large test and diagnostic facilities, shock dynamics theory, high-explosive system design engineering, and three-dimensional implosion modeling and simulation using some of the fastest computers in the world. This work also ushered in a period of broader application of precision high explosives in conventional munitions, demolition, mining and oil exploration, and space travel.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2017

The Trinity Center of Excellence Co-Design Best Practices

Co-design between application developers and the vendors providing high-performance computing systems is essential to efficiently using current-generation HPC systems and shaping next-generation architectures. Application developers are faced with the challenge of effectively orchestrating many hardware threads and exploiting vector instructions, which can require code modifications. Will refactoring applications for current-generation systems apply to future-generation systems? Is there help available for this enormous task? Over the past 10 years, a partnership has evolved to address these issues. Centers of Excellence are mutually beneficial collaborations between application developers and vendors; vendors receive a better understanding of the needs of their users, and users receive a better understanding of the characteristics of the hardware, system software, and tools available to address their challenges. Lastly, this article describes the partnership between two vendors, Cray and Intel, and the application teams working together in the Trinity Center of Excellence.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2015

Trinity Era Storage

This report discusses the Trinity Storage system, its infrastructure, requirements, and erasure code.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2015

Trinity Acceptance Tests Performance Summary.

Ensuring Real Applications perform well on Trinity is key to success. Four components: ASC applications, Sustained System Performance (SSP), Extra-Large MiniApplications problems, and Micro-benchmarks.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2016

Trinity Storage Infrastructure

This is a graphic map/chart of the Trinity Storage Infrastructure (network) at Los Alamos National Laboratory.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2016

Analysis of Trinity Power Metrics for Automated Monitoring

This is a presentation from Los Alamos National Laboraotyr (LANL) about the analysis of trinity power metrics for automated monitoring. The following topics are covered: current monitoring efforts, motivation for analysis, tools used, the methodology, work performed during the summer, and future work planned.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2017

Trinity Phase 2 Open Science: CTH

CTH is an Eulerian hydrocode developed by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) to solve a wide range of shock wave propagation and material deformation problems. Adaptive mesh refinement is also used to improve efficiency for problems with a wide range of spatial scales. The code has a history of running on a variety of computing platforms ranging from desktops to massively parallel distributed-data systems. For the Trinity Phase 2 Open Science campaign, CTH was used to study mesoscale simulations of the hypervelocity penetration of granular SiC powders. The simulations were compared to experimental data. A scaling study of CTH up to 8192 KNL nodes was also performed, and several improvements were made to the code to improve the scalability.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2017

LLNL Mercury Project Trinity Open Science Final Report

The Mercury Monte Carlo particle transport code is used to simulate the transport of radiation through urban environments. These challenging calculations include complicated geometries and require significant computational resources to complete. In the proposed Trinity Open Science calculations, I will investigate computer science aspects of the code which are relevant to convergence of the simulation quantities with increasing Monte Carlo particle counts.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Full Trinity Run with SPARTA

A heterogeneous run on the full Trinity supercomputer at LANL was performed using SPARTA during March 9-12, 2018. Over 19,000 nodes (9200+ Haswell and 9900+ KNL) and 1.2 million MPI processes were used. The run was successful, with SPARTA running for several hours with good performance (better than the same simulation running on full Sequoia). However, several challenges were encountered, and some unresolved issues remain.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Trinity Observations

Various historical documents which record the observations of various scientists who observed the Trinity Test in southern New Mexico. The documents are contemporaneous with the test.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗