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At least 37 records · Page 2

Prospect for measuring the CP phase in the $h\tau\tau$ coupling at the LHC

The search for a new source of CP violation is one of the most important endeavors in particle physics. A particularly interesting way to perform this search is to probe the CP phase in the $h\tau\tau$ coupling, as the phase is currently completely unconstrained by all existing data. Recently, a novel variable $\Theta$ was proposed for measuring the CP phase in the $h\tau\tau$ coupling through the $\tau^\pm \to \pi^\pm \pi^0 \nu$ decay mode. We examine two crucial questions that the real LHC detectors must face, namely, the issue of neutrino reconstruction and the effects of finite detector resolution. For the former, we find strong evidence that the collinear approximation is the best for the $\Theta$ variable. For the latter, we find that the angular resolution is actually not an issue even though the reconstruction of $\Theta$ requires resolving the highly collimated $\pi^\pm$'s and $\pi^0$'s from the $\tau$ decays. Instead, we find that it is the missing transverse energy resolution that significantly limits the LHC reach for measuring the CP phase via $\Theta$.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Contributions of major tau kinase activation and phospho-tau accumulation to cortical and hippocampal tangle formation and cognition in older adults

Aberrant activation of tau kinases (tauK) has been proposed as a major step in tau hyperphosphorylation and misfolding, and subsequent formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, evidence of tauK hyperactivation in actual AD brains is scarce and inconsistent, and their role in age-related cognitive decline remains undocumented. We evaluated activated/inhibited species of CDK5/p35/p25, GSK3a/ß, and ERK1/2 as well as ten tau/phospho-tau (ptau) peptides (mapping Ser 202 , Thr 217 , Ser 262 , Ser 305 , and Ser 404 phospho-residues) by Western blot or selected reaction monitoring proteomics, respectively, in postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and hippocampal samples of 150 participants from the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP). Regression models and mediation analyses assessed the contributions of these variables to tau phosphorylation, NFT deposition and antemortem cognitive status of MAP participants. Surprisingly, greater p25 and p35 (indices for CDK5 activation) and lower pSer 21/9 -GSK3a/ß (inhibited species) immunodensities were associated with lower ptau peptide amounts. Individuals with higher p25 cortical densities displayed better cognitive outcomes, particularly working memory. Statistical mediation analyses indicated that the beneficial effect of CDK5/p25 on cognition was mediated by lower densities of phospho-Thr 217 -tau and NFT deposition in DLPFC, and also identified Thr 217 and Ser 262 as the ptau sites with greatest influence in both NFT accumulation and cognitive impairment. The present data suggest that tau hyperphosphorylation, tangle deposition, and the subsequent cognitive impairment do not rely on aberrant activation of major tauKs. Additionally, novel evidence was provided for the beneficial contribution of cortical CDK5/p25 to the maintenance of working memory.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗

Search for decays of the Higgs boson into a pair of pseudoscalar particles decaying into $b\overline{b}$$\tau$ + $\tau$ - using pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents a search for exotic decays of the Higgs boson into a pair of new pseudoscalar particles, H → aa, where one pseudoscalar decays into a b-quark pair and the other decays into a $\tau$-lepton pair, in the mass range 12 ≤ m a ≤ 60 GeV. The analysis uses pp collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb -1 . No significant excess above the Standard Model (SM) prediction is observed. Assuming the SM Higgs boson production cross section, the search sets upper limits at 95% confidence level on the branching ratio of Higgs bosons decaying into $b\overline{b}$$\tau$ + $\tau$ - , $\mathcal{B}$(H → aa → $b\overline{b}$$\tau$ + $\tau$ - ), between 2.2% and 3.9% depending on the pseudoscalar mass.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for lepton flavour violating decays of the Higgs boson to $\mu\tau$ and e$\tau$ in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV

A search for lepton flavour violating decays of the Higgs boson in the μτ and eτ decay modes is presented. The search is based on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{−1}$ of proton-proton collisions collected with the CMS detector in 2016, at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. No significant excess over the standard model expectation is observed. The observed (expected) upper limits on the lepton flavour violating branching fractions of the Higgs boson are ℬ(H → μτ) < 0.25% (0.25%) and ℬ(H → eτ) < 0.61% (0.37%), at 95% confidence level. These results are used to derive upper limits on the off-diagonal μτ and eτ Yukawa couplings $ \sqrt{{\left|{Y}_{\mu \tau}\right|}^2+{\left|{Y}_{\tau \mu}\right|}^2}<1.43\times {10}^{-3} $ and $ \sqrt{{\left|{Y}_{\mathrm{e}\tau}\right|}^2+{\left|{Y}_{\tau \mathrm{e}}\right|}^2}<2.26\times {10}^{-3} $ at 95% confidence level. The limits on the lepton flavour violating branching fractions of the Higgs boson and on the associated Yukawa couplings are the most stringent to date.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

An embedding technique to determine $\tau\tau$ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model $\tau\tau$ backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed $\mu\mu$ events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb$^{-1}$.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Circumstellar jets and disk of DL Tau and CW Tau observed with HST/STIS and the GSFC Fabry-Perot imager

The pre-main sequence T Tauri stars DL Tau and CW Tau were observed with Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (HST/STIS) and the Goddard Fabry-Perot Imager at the Apache Point 3.5-m telescope in their coronagraphic modes. The STIS observation of DL Tau shows a circumstellar disk with a dark ring, and the jet with structure along the length, and a faint counter-jet. On CW Tau, STIS shows a jet with a bright blob about 4 arcsec away, and the Fabry-Perot shows the jet extended in both directions in [SII] to 60 and 90 arcsec from the star.

Grady, Carol↗

Reconstruction of hadronic decay products of tau leptons with the ATLAS experiment

This document presents a new method of reconstructing the individual charged and neutral hadrons in tau decays with the ATLAS detector. The reconstructed hadrons are used to classify the decay mode and to calculate the visible four-momentum of reconstructed tau candidates, significantly improving the resolution with respect to the calibration in the existing tau reconstruction. The performance of the reconstruction algorithm is optimised and evaluated using simulation and validated using samples of Z → ττ and Z(→ μμ)+jets events selected from proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy √s = 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 fb -1 .

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for squarks and gluinos in events with hadronically decaying tau leptons, jets and missing transverse momentum in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry in events with large missing transverse momentum, jets, and at least one hadronically decaying tau lepton has been performed using 3.2 fb –1 of proton–proton collision data at √s = 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015. Two exclusive final states are considered, with either exactly one or at least two tau leptons. No excess over the Standard Model prediction is observed in the data. Results are interpreted in the context of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking and a simplified model of gluino pair production with tau-rich cascade decays, substantially improving on previous limits. In the GMSB model considered, supersymmetry-breaking scale (Λ) values below 92 TeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level, corresponding to gluino masses below 2000 GeV. For large values of tanβ, values of Λ up to 107 TeV and gluino masses up to 2300 GeV are excluded. In the simplified model, gluino masses are excluded up to 1570 GeV for neutralino masses around 100 GeV. Neutralino masses below 700 GeV are excluded for all gluino masses between 800 and 1500 GeV, while the strongest exclusion of 750 GeV is achieved for gluino masses around 1450 GeV.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Tau Lepton Physics at a Tau-Charm Factory

A two-day workshop, "The Tau-Charm Factory in the Era of B-factors and CESR," was held at SLAC in August, 1994. This paper summarizes the important research on the tau lepton which could be done at a tau-charm factory in the next decade. It is based on the presentation by the speakers and on the discussions by participants, as well as on published papers.

Perl, M.↗

The Mysterious Dimmings of the T Tauri Star V1334 Tau

We present the discovery of two extended ∼0.12 mag dimming events of the weak-lined T Tauri star V1334. The start of the first event was missed but came to an end in late 2003, and the second began in 2009 February, and continues as of 2016 November. Since the egress of the current event has not yet been observed, it suggests a period of >13 years if this event is periodic. Spectroscopic observations suggest the presence of a small inner disk, although the spectral energy distribution shows no infrared excess. We explore the possibility that the dimming events are caused by an orbiting body (e.g., a disk warp or dust trap), enhanced disk winds, hydrodynamical fluctuations of the inner disk, or a significant increase in the magnetic field flux at the surface of the star. We also find a ∼0.32 day periodic photometric signal that persists throughout the 2009 dimming which appears to not be due to ellipsoidal variations from a close stellar companion. High-precision photometric observations of V1334 Tau during K2 campaign 13, combined with simultaneous photometric and spectroscopic observations from the ground, will provide crucial information about the photometric variability and its origin.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

A no-go theorem for non-standard explanations of the $\tau\to K_S\pi\nu_\tau$ CP asymmetry

A new tensor interaction is the only possibility to explain the \boldsymbol{2.8\sigma} 2.8 𝛔 tension observed by the BaBar collaboration in the CP asymmetry in \boldsymbol{\tau\to K_S\pi\nu_\tau} 𝛕 → 𝐊 𝐒 𝛑 𝛎 𝛕 with physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) realized above the electroweak scale. However, the strong phase generated by the interference between vector and tensor phases is suppressed by at least two orders of magnitude due to Watson’s final-state-interaction theorem, and the strength of the CP-violating tensor interaction is strongly constrained by bounds from the neutron electric dipole moment and \boldsymbol{D} 𝐃 – \boldsymbol{\bar{D}} 𝐃 ‾ mixing. As a result, a confirmation of the tension at Belle II would point to light BSM physics.

Cirigliano, Vincenzo↗

MODELING DUST EMISSION OF HL TAU DISK BASED ON PLANET–DISK INTERACTIONS

We use extensive global two-dimensional hydrodynamic disk gas+dust simulations with embedded planets, coupled with three-dimensional radiative transfer calculations, to model the dust ring and gap structures in the HL Tau protoplanetary disk observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA). We include the self-gravity of disk gas and dust components and make reasonable choices of disk parameters, assuming an already settled dust distribution and no planet migration. We can obtain quite adequate fits to the observed dust emission using three planets with masses of 0.35, 0.17, and 0.26 M{sub Jup} at 13.1, 33.0, and 68.6 AU, respectively. Implications for the planet formation as well as the limitations of this scenario are discussed.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

Evidence for the Higgs-boson Yukawa coupling to tau leptons with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for H → ττ decays are presented, based on the full set of proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC during 2011 and 2012. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of 4.5 fb –1 and 20.3 fb –1 at centre-of-mass energies of √s=7 TeV and √s=8 TeV respectively. All combinations of leptonic (τ → ℓνν¯ with ℓ = e, μ) and hadronic (τ → hadrons ν) tau decays are considered. An excess of events over the expected background from other Standard Model processes is found with an observed (expected) significance of 4.5 (3.4) standard deviations. This excess provides evidence for the direct coupling of the recently discovered Higgs boson to fermions. The measured signal strength, normalized to the Standard Model expectation, of μ = 1.43 –0.37 +0.43 is consistent with the predicted Yukawa coupling strength in the Standard Model.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for supersymmetry in events with large missing transverse momentum, jets, and at least one tau lepton in 20 fb -1 of $ \sqrt{s} $ = 8 TeV proton-proton collision data with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry (SUSY) in events with large missing transverse momentum, jets, at least one hadronically decaying tau lepton and zero or one additional light leptons (electron/muon), has been performed using 20.3fb -1 of proton-proton collision data at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the Standard Model background expectation is observed in the various signal regions and 95% confidence level upper limits on the visible cross section for new phenomena are set. The results of the analysis are interpreted in several SUSY scenarios, significantly extending previous limits obtained in the same final states. In the framework of minimal gauge-mediated SUSY breaking models, values of the SUSY breaking scale Λ below 63 TeV are excluded, independently of tan β. Exclusion limits are also derived for an mSUGRA/CMSSM model, in both the R-parity-conserving and R-parity-violating case. A further interpretation is presented in a framework of natural gauge mediation, in which the gluino is assumed to be the only light coloured sparticle and gluino masses below 1090 GeV are excluded.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for lepton flavour violating decays of a neutral heavy Higgs boson to $\mu\tau$ and e$\tau$ in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV

A search for lepton flavour violating decays of a neutral non-standard-model Higgs boson in the μτ and eτ decay modes is presented. The search is based on proton-proton collisions at a center of mass energy $ \sqrt{s} $ = 13 TeV collected with the CMS detector in 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{−1}$. The τ leptons are reconstructed in the leptonic and hadronic decay modes. No signal is observed in the mass range 200–900 GeV. At 95% confidence level, the observed (expected) upper limits on the production cross section multiplied by the branching fraction vary from 51.9 (57.4) fb to 1.6 (2.1) fb for the μτ and from 94.1 (91.6) fb to 2.3 (2.3) fb for the eτ decay modes.[graphic not available: see fulltext]

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

A search for high-mass resonances decaying to τ + τ - in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=8 $ TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for high-mass resonances decaying into τ⁺τ⁻ final states using proton-proton collisions at √s=8 TeV produced by the Large Hadron Collider is presented. The data were recorded with the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.5–20.3 fb –1 . No statistically significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed; 95% credibility upper limits are set on the cross section times branching fraction of Z' resonances decaying into τ⁺τ⁻ pairs as a function of the resonance mass. As a result, Z' bosons of the Sequential Standard Model with masses less than 2.02 TeV are excluded at 95% credibility. As a result, the impact of the fermionic couplings on the Z' acceptance is investigated and limits are also placed on a Z' model that exhibits enhanced couplings to third-generation fermions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for resonant and non-resonant Higgs boson pair production in the $b\overline{b}{\tau}^{+}{\tau}^{-}$ decay channel using 13 TeV $pp$ collision data from the ATLAS detector

A search for Higgs boson pair production in events with two $b$-jets and two $τ$-leptons is presented, using a proton–proton collision dataset with an integrated luminosity of 139 fb -1 collected at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Higgs boson pairs produced non-resonantly or in the decay of a narrow scalar resonance in the mass range from 251 to 1600 GeV are targeted. Events in which at least one $τ$-lepton decays hadronically are considered, and multivariate discriminants are used to reject the backgrounds. No significant excess of events above the expected background is observed in the non-resonant search. The largest excess in the resonant search is observed at a resonance mass of 1 TeV, with a local (global) significance of 3.1$σ$ (2.0$σ$). Observed (expected) 95% confidence-level upper limits are set on the non-resonant Higgs boson pair-production cross-section at 4.7 (3.9) times the Standard Model prediction, assuming Standard Model kinematics, and on the resonant Higgs boson pair-production cross-section at between 21 and 900 fb (12 and 840 fb), depending on the mass of the narrow scalar resonance.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗