Humanity and science at the crossroads
Sociological factors as influences on scientific and technical achievement
Fernandez-Moran, H.↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Social impacts of civil aviation and implications for R and D policy
An attempt was made to identify social impacts, both beneficial and detrimental, which would or could flow from the introduction of advanced civil aviation systems. A broad range of social impact areas was investigated which included economic, environmental, political, sociological, psychological, legal, and urban/regional developmental factors. Data are arranged into two major parts. In the first part, a series of Major Policy Issues are identified and discussed which appear, on the basis of the social impact study, to merit serious consideration. The discussion of each "Issue' is presented both to explain its relevance and to raise considerations which will bear on its satisfactory resolution. The second part views the same overall body of information in a different manner: a series of "Findings' are pointed out from which more concrete guidance for R and D policy can be derived, and a set of "Candidate Basic Federal Undertakings' thus derived are presented.
Mayo, L. H.↗
Establishing an upper bound for window response to the sonic boom.
Study of the failure of glass windows, which is probably the most severe problem confronting the SST program outside of the psychological and sociological aspects. The structural configuration most likely to suffer a window failure due to sonic boom excitation is one representable by a single large room, a single large window, and an open door. It is suggested that if the open door were replaced with another window the resultant stresses in both windows would be substantially reduced.
Seshadri, T. V.↗
Study for identification of beneficial uses of space, phase 1. Volume 1: Executive summary
The technological effects of the Space Shuttle Program are considered in terms of the development of improved products, processes, and services aimed at benefitting the public from economic and sociological points of view. As such, an outline is provided for a large number of private organizations to suggest and identify specific areas of research and development which can most effectively be exploited in an extraterrestrial environment.
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Strategy for solar heating and cooling in buildings
The types of solar energy heating and cooling equipment for use with buildings are discussed. The steps from manufacturing to equipment installation are identified. A feasibility study for the use of solar energy was conducted. The study determined the technical, environmental, economic, sociological, political, and strategic aspects of solar heating and cooling.
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How to make the fourth revolution: Human factors in the adoption of electronic instructional aids
The prospects and problems of getting higher education in the United States (high school and above) to more fully utilize electronic technologies are examined. Sociological, psychological, and political factors are analyzed to determine the feasibility of adopting electronic instructional techniques. Differences in organizations, attitudes, and customs of different kinds of students, teachers, administrators, and publics are crucial factors in innovation.
Demerath, N. J.↗
A model and predictive scale of passenger ride discomfort
A model to define the interrelationship of the various factors (vibratory and nonvibratory) important to passenger comfort, in realistic transport vehicle vibration environments was developed. The model represents: (1) a framework for the investigation of comfort within diverse transportation vehicles; (2) a mechanism for the development of a scale of comfort; (3) a mechanism through which design criteria can be obtained for improving the rideability of current and future transportation vehicles; and (4) a tool for obtaining information for the maximization of passenger ride quality, based upon sociological and psychological information. The application of the model is based upon the computational steps necessary for derivation of the comfort scale. The emphasis within the scale is upon the summation of comfort units; the summation being obtained through the use of appropriately determined factors, both within and between axes.
Dempsey, T. K.↗
Problems and perspectives in paraplegia
Improved clinical treatment of the paraplegic, developed during World War II, has reduced the overall mortality rate from close to 100 percent to 30 percent. Despite major clinical improvements, mainly in treatment of the acute phase of paraplegia, and despite greater rehabilitation efforts, the spinal injured person is never rehabilitated in the sense that he reaches an optimum and stays there. He is always exposed to the constant threat of deterioration of his physiological, sociological, and psychological state.
Nashold, B.↗
Reaction of the French population to the supersonic bang
A discussion of a survey dealing with the supersonic bang is presented. Topics include the position the bang has in today's pollution, annoyance caused by the bang and its dependence on sociological and psychological variables, and whether or not the perception of the ban is objective. Other questions raised are whether the frequency of exposure to the bang has an influence on attitudes and does the sensitivity to or annoyance from the bang have a linear increase with the frequency.
Bremond, J.↗
Workshop on Drought Forecasting for Northeast Brazil
Precipitation forecasting parameters for northeast Brazil were developed. Hydrological, sociological, and economic aspects were examined. A drought forecasting model is presented.
Smagorinsky, J.↗
The annoyance caused by noise around airports
A comprehensive study of noise around selected airports in France was performed. By use of questionnaires, the degree of annoyance caused by aircraft noise was determined. Three approaches used in the study were: (1) analytical study on the influence of noise on sleep; (2) sociological study on the satisfaction of occupants of buildings which conform to laws which are supposed to guarantee sufficient comfort; and (3) statistical study of correlations between external noises and psychological and pathological disturbances in residences.
JOSSE↗
Preliminary report: Biomedical considerations for future manned space flights
The behavioral, psychological, and sociological aspects of space travel, particularly with emphasis on longer duration missions, are discussed along with the biomedical aspects of space flight. These factors may strongly interact with the various psycho-social factors and as such they stand as an immensely important area of concern in and of themselves. A foundation for understanding weightlessness related medical problems through a discussion of the history of symptoms reported specific details on the major areas of concern and approaches to their investigation are presented. Also, discussion is given to the possibility of various countermeasures. Some indication of the effects of various biomedical changes in performance are also covered.
Akins, F. R.↗
Preliminary report on small group factors in long duration space flights: Review and directions for future research
Group dynamics, sociological and psychological factors are examined. Crew composition and compatability are studied. Group dynamics analysis includes: leadership; cohesiveness; conformity; and conflict.
Harrison, A. A.↗
Preliminary report on social psychological factors in long duration space flights: Review and directions for future research
Group dynamics, sociological and psychological factors are examined. Crew composition and compatibility are studied. Group dynamics analysis includes: leadership; cohesiveness; conformity; and conflict.
Harrison, A. A.↗
Definitions of noise and noise pollution
The definitions of noise and noise pollution are examined with emphasis on the psychological, physiological, sociological and economic impacts on personnel and the environment.
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Aircraft noise effects: An interdisciplinary study of the effect of aircraft noise on man. Part 2: Appendix
A survey used to obtain data of a sociological nature regarding subjects used in a study of aircraft noise perception and tolerance near the Munich-Reims airport is presented. Statistics compiled on occupational, physiological, and medical aspects of the subjects are tabulated.
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Food Service Management
A study to design a food service system using current technology to serve a small scale Space Station was conducted. The psychological, sociological and nutritional factors affecting feeding in microgravity conditions was investigated. The logistics of the food service system was defined.
Rappole, C. L.↗
Cost benefits from human productivity design
The degree to which changing definitions of productivity influence the design of space systems is discussed from a sociological point of view. Particular attention is given to the importance of subjective criteria used in judgements about the cost and benefits of designing a Space Station. It is recommended that designers, administrators, and potential private industrial participants recognize the objectives and goals of other groups involved in the Space Station program in order to establish the most cooperative and productive design environment.
Bluth, B. J.↗