Results for “RhI” — Page 2

DOE OSTI2025

A Cloud-Tracking Data Set for the CSAPR2 Adaptive Scanning during TRACER

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility (Mather and Voyles 2013) deployed the first ARM Mobile Facility (AMF1; Miller et al. 2016) near LaPorte, Texas to support the Tracking Aerosol Convection Interactions Experiment (TRACER) (Jensen et al. 2025) near Houston, Texas. From October 2021 to September 2022, AMF1 was deployed to 29.67° N, 95.06° W near LaPorte, Texas and the 2nd Generation C-band Scanning ARM Precipitation Radar (CSAPR2) was deployed to a supplementary site at 29.53° N, 95.28° W (Figure 1). During an intensive operational period (IOP) from 1 June to 30 September 2022, the CSAPR2 sampled precipitation echoes in an adaptive scanning mode following the Multisensor Agile Adaptive Scanning (MAAS) framework (Kollias et al. 2020). MAAS helped optimize the CSAPR2 scan strategy to perform frequent plan position indicator (PPI) and range height indicator (RHI) scans (Lamer et al. 2023). Details of the CSAPR2 scanning, data processing, and calibration procedures used by the principal investigator (PI), and the PI data files are described by Oue et al. (2023). Details of the CSAPR2 operational performance, ARM data processing and correction procedures, and data quality masks are described by Feng et al. (2024a).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2023

AWAKEN Virtual Tower / Derived Data

Virtual tower data consist of profiles of wind speed and direction at a number of locations near the A1 site. These profiles were computed from dual-Doppler analysis of two Halo XR+ scanning Doppler lidars located at sites A5 and A7. Both lidars performed shallow RHI scans in the general direction of the A1 site. Scan azimuths were periodically adjusted to sample different locations. This resulted in a total of 14 unique tower locations over 5 periods between 12 November 2022 and 17 October 2023.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2023

AWAKEN Virtual Tower / Derived Data

Virtual tower data consist of profiles of wind speed and direction at a number of locations near the A1 site. These profiles were computed from dual-Doppler analysis of two Halo XR+ scanning Doppler lidars located at sites A5 and A7. Both lidars performed shallow RHI scans in the general direction of the A1 site. Scan azimuths were periodically adjusted to sample different locations. This resulted in a total of 14 unique tower locations over 5 periods between 12 November 2022 and 17 October 2023.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2023

AWAKEN Virtual Tower / Derived Data

Virtual tower data consist of profiles of wind speed and direction at a number of locations near the A1 site. These profiles were computed from dual-Doppler analysis of two Halo XR+ scanning Doppler lidars located at sites A5 and A7. Both lidars performed shallow RHI scans in the general direction of the A1 site. Scan azimuths were periodically adjusted to sample different locations. This resulted in a total of 14 unique tower locations over 5 periods between 12 November 2022 and 17 October 2023.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2023

AWAKEN Virtual Tower / Derived Data

Virtual tower data consist of profiles of wind speed and direction at a number of locations near the A1 site. These profiles were computed from dual-Doppler analysis of two Halo XR+ scanning Doppler lidars located at sites A5 and A7. Both lidars performed shallow RHI scans in the general direction of the A1 site. Scan azimuths were periodically adjusted to sample different locations. This resulted in a total of 14 unique tower locations over 5 periods between 12 November 2022 and 17 October 2023.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2023

AWAKEN Virtual Tower / Derived Data

Virtual tower data consist of profiles of wind speed and direction at a number of locations near the A1 site. These profiles were computed from dual-Doppler analysis of two Halo XR+ scanning Doppler lidars located at sites A5 and A7. Both lidars performed shallow RHI scans in the general direction of the A1 site. Scan azimuths were periodically adjusted to sample different locations. This resulted in a total of 14 unique tower locations over 5 periods between 12 November 2022 and 17 October 2023.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2023

AWAKEN Virtual Tower / Derived Data

Virtual tower data consist of profiles of wind speed and direction at a number of locations near the A1 site. These profiles were computed from dual-Doppler analysis of two Halo XR+ scanning Doppler lidars located at sites A5 and A7. Both lidars performed shallow RHI scans in the general direction of the A1 site. Scan azimuths were periodically adjusted to sample different locations. This resulted in a total of 14 unique tower locations over 5 periods between 12 November 2022 and 17 October 2023.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2023

AWAKEN Virtual Tower / Derived Data

Virtual tower data consist of profiles of wind speed and direction at a number of locations near the A1 site. These profiles were computed from dual-Doppler analysis of two Halo XR+ scanning Doppler lidars located at sites A5 and A7. Both lidars performed shallow RHI scans in the general direction of the A1 site. Scan azimuths were periodically adjusted to sample different locations. This resulted in a total of 14 unique tower locations over 5 periods between 12 November 2022 and 17 October 2023.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2023

AWAKEN Virtual Tower / Derived Data

Virtual tower data consist of profiles of wind speed and direction at a number of locations near the A1 sites. These profiles were computed from dual-Doppler analysis of two Halo XR+ scanning Doppler lidars located at sites A5 and A7. Both lidars performed shallow RHI scans in the general direction of the A1 site. Scan azimuths were periodically adjusted to sample different locations. This resulted in a total of 14 unique tower locations over 5 periods between 12 November 2022 and 17 October 2023.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2023

AWAKEN Virtual Tower / Derived Data

Virtual tower data consist of profiles of wind speed and direction at a number of locations near the A1 sites. These profiles were computed from dual-Doppler analysis of two Halo XR+ scanning Doppler lidars located at sites A5 and A7. Both lidars performed shallow RHI scans in the general direction of the A1 site. Scan azimuths were periodically adjusted to sample different locations. This resulted in a total of 14 unique tower locations over 5 periods between 12 November 2022 and 17 October 2023.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2023

AWAKEN Virtual Tower / Derived Data

Virtual tower data consist of profiles of wind speed and direction at a number of locations near the A1 sites. These profiles were computed from dual-Doppler analysis of two Halo XR+ scanning Doppler lidars located at sites A5 and A7. Both lidars performed shallow RHI scans in the general direction of the A1 site. Scan azimuths were periodically adjusted to sample different locations. This resulted in a total of 14 unique tower locations over 5 periods between 12 November 2022 and 17 October 2023.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2023

AWAKEN Virtual Tower / Derived Data

Virtual tower data consist of profiles of wind speed and direction at a number of locations near the A1 sites. These profiles were computed from dual-Doppler analysis of two Halo XR+ scanning Doppler lidars located at sites A5 and A7. Both lidars performed shallow RHI scans in the general direction of the A1 site. Scan azimuths were periodically adjusted to sample different locations. This resulted in a total of 14 unique tower locations over 5 periods between 12 November 2022 and 17 October 2023.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2023

AWAKEN Virtual Tower / Derived Data

Virtual tower data consist of profiles of wind speed and direction at a number of locations near the A1 sites. These profiles were computed from dual-Doppler analysis of two Halo XR+ scanning Doppler lidars located at sites A5 and A7. Both lidars performed shallow RHI scans in the general direction of the A1 site. Scan azimuths were periodically adjusted to sample different locations. This resulted in a total of 14 unique tower locations over 5 periods between 12 November 2022 and 17 October 2023.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2023

AWAKEN Virtual Tower / Derived Data

Virtual tower data consist of profiles of wind speed and direction at a number of locations near the A1 sites. These profiles were computed from dual-Doppler analysis of two Halo XR+ scanning Doppler lidars located at sites A5 and A7. Both lidars performed shallow RHI scans in the general direction of the A1 site. Scan azimuths were periodically adjusted to sample different locations. This resulted in a total of 14 unique tower locations over 5 periods between 12 November 2022 and 17 October 2023.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2023

AWAKEN Virtual Tower / Derived Data

Virtual tower data consist of profiles of wind speed and direction at a number of locations near the A1 sites. These profiles were computed from dual-Doppler analysis of two Halo XR+ scanning Doppler lidars located at sites A5 and A7. Both lidars performed shallow RHI scans in the general direction of the A1 site. Scan azimuths were periodically adjusted to sample different locations. This resulted in a total of 14 unique tower locations over 5 periods between 12 November 2022 and 17 October 2023.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2023

Oblique propagation and temperature effects on the resonant right-hand ion beam instability

The resonant right-hand instability (RHI) is often the dominant mode driven by reflected ions upstream of Earth’s quasi-parallel bow shock. In the tradition of Peter Gary, this paper further explores the right-hand instability using numerical solutions of the plasma dispersion relation and non-linear kinetic simulations, with parameters inspired by observations from NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. Agreement is found between the ion distributions in the particle-in-cell simulations and Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft data, which show the gyrophase bunching characteristic of the instability. The non-linear structures created by right-hand instability tend to be stronger when the plasma beta is lower. These structures have sizes of around 100 to 200 ion inertial lengths perpendicular to the magnetic field, presenting planet-sized disturbances to the magnetosphere. 2d and 3D hybrid particle-in-cell simulations show that modes with a range of propagation angles oblique to the magnetic field are excited, providing a ground to understand previous statistical studies of observed foreshock waves.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2022

Optimizing radar scan strategies for tracking isolated deep convection using observing system simulation experiments

Abstract. Optimizing radar observation strategies is one of the most important considerations in pre-field campaign periods. This is especially true for isolated convective clouds that typically evolve faster than the observations captured by operational radar networks. This study investigates uncertainties in radar observations of the evolution of the microphysical and dynamical properties of isolated deep convective clouds developing in clean and polluted environments. It aims to optimize the radar observation strategy for deep convection through the use of high-spatiotemporal cloud-resolving model simulations, which resolve the evolution of individual convective cells every 1 min, coupled with a radar simulator and a cell tracking algorithm. The radar simulation settings are based on the Tracking Aerosol Convection Interactions ExpeRiment (TRACER) and Experiment of Sea Breeze Convection, Aerosols, Precipitation and Environment (ESCAPE) field campaigns held in the Houston, TX, area but are generalizable to other field campaigns focusing on isolated deep convection. Our analysis produces the following four outcomes. First, a 5–7 m s−1 median difference in maximum updrafts of tracked cells is shown between the clean and polluted simulations in the early stages of the cloud lifetimes. This demonstrates the importance of obtaining accurate estimates of vertical velocity from observations if aerosol impacts are to be properly resolved. Second, tracking of individual cells and using vertical cross section scanning every minute capture the evolution of precipitation particle number concentration and size represented by polarimetric observables better than the operational radar observations that update the volume scan every 5 min. This approach also improves multi-Doppler radar updraft retrievals above 5 km above ground level for regions with updraft velocities greater than 10 m s−1. Third, we propose an optimized strategy composed of cell tracking by quick (1–2 min) vertical cross section scans from more than one radar in addition to the operational volume scans. We also propose the use of a single-RHI (range height indicator) updraft retrieval technique for cells close to the radars, for which multi-Doppler radar retrievals are still challenging. Finally, increasing the number of deep convective cells sampled by such observations better represents the median maximum updraft evolution with sample sizes of more than 10 deep cells, which decreases the error associated with sampling the true population to less than 3 m s−1.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2022

Ka-Band Scanning ARM Cloud Radar (a1)

The Ka-Band Scanning ARM Cloud Radar (KASACR) records cloud properties. ARM's scanning cloud radars are dual-frequency, dual-polarization Doppler radars mounted on a common scanning pedestal. Each pedestal includes a Ka-band radar (2kW peak power) and the deployment location determines whether the second radar is a W-band (1.7 kW peak power) or an X-band (20 kW peak power). Beamwidths for Ka-bands paired with W-bands are roughly matched at 0.3 degrees. The X-band beamwidth is approximately 1 degree. Due to the narrow antenna beamwidth, ARM’s scanning cloud radars use scanning strategies unlike typical weather radars. Rather than focusing on plan position indicator, or PPI, scans, the KASACR uses range height indicator, or RHI, scans at numerous azimuths to obtain cloud volume data. Measurements collected with the KASACR are copolar and cross-polar radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, spectra width and spectra when not scanning, and linear depolarization ratio. KASACR data from the 2018–2019 Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign in Argentina are now available as b1-level products. Building on the original CACTI operational data, the b1-level products feature improved data quality resulting from extensive analyses and corrections. The data are cross-calibrated to a common point, datastreams are corrected for operational issues that occurred during the campaign, and several data quality masks and basic derived products are incorporated. For more information, read the CACTI radar b1-level processing report.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗