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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

[Accelerator] R&D for Future Colliders

In this talk I will discuss accelerator R&D topics critical for future colliders. These colliders include circular and linear e+e- Higgs factories, and longer-term options such as muon and hadron high energy colliders. Emphasis will be placed on describing R&D for activities prioritized in the recent P5 report. The talk will cover radio frequency technology, high-filed superconducting magnets, muon cooling, energy efficiency, and other R&D topics.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Status and future plans for C 3 R&D

C 3 is an opportunity to realize an e + e - collider for the study of the Higgs boson at √s = 250 GeV, with a well defined upgrade path to 550 GeV while staying on the same short facility footprint. C 3 is based on a fundamentally new approach to normal conducting linear accelerators that achieves both high gradient and high efficiency at relatively low cost. Given the advanced state of linear collider designs, the key system that requires technical maturation for C 3 is the main linac. This paper presents the staged approach towards a facility to demonstrate C 3 technology with both Direct (source and main linac) and Parallel (beam delivery, damping ring, ancillary component) R&D. The primary goal of the C 3 Demonstration R&D Plan is to reduce technical and cost risk by building and operating the key components of C 3 at an adequate scale. This R&D plan starts with the engineering design, and demonstration of one cryomodule and will culminate in the construction of a 3 cryomodule linac with pre-production prototypes. This R&D program would also demonstrate the linac rf fundamentals including achievable gradient and gradient stability over a full electron bunch train and breakdown rates. It will also investigate beam dynamics including energy spread, wakefields, and emittance growth. This work will be critical to confirm the suitability of the C 3 beam parameters for the physics reach and detector performance in preparation for a Conceptual Design Report (CDR), as well as for follow-on technology development and industrialization. The C 3 Demonstration R&D Plan will open up significant new scientific and technical opportunities based on development of high-gradient and high-efficiency accelerator technology. It will push this technology to operate both at the GeV scale and mature the technology to be reliable and provide high-brightness electron beams. The timeline for progressing with C 3 technology development will be governed by practical limitations on both the technical progress and resource availability. It consists of four stages: Stage 0) Ongoing fundamental R&D on structure prototypes, damping and vibrations. Stage 1) Advancing the engineering maturity of the design and developing start-to-end simulations including space-charge and wakefield effects. This stage will include testing of strucutres operating at cryogenic temperatures. Beam tests would be performed with high beam current to test full beam loading. Stage 2) Production and testing of the first cryomodule at cryogenic temperatures. This would provide sufficient experimental data to compile a CDR and it is anticipated for Stage 2 to last 3 years and to culminate with the transport of photo-electrons through the first cryomodule. Stage 3) Updates to the engineering design of the cryomodules, production of the second and third cryomodule and their installation. Lower charge and lower emittance beams will be used to investigate emittance growth. The successful full demonstration of the 3 cryomodules to deliver up to a 3 GeV beam and achieve the C 3 five gradient will allow a comprehensive and robust evaluation of the technical design of C 3 as well as mitigate technical, schedule, and cost risks required to proceed with a Technical Design Report (TDR).

radiation hardened magnets↗
DOE OSTI2024

R&D Needs for a US Fusion Magnet Base Program

Significant technology maturation efforts are underway by privately funded fusion startups with the goal to demonstrate mature HTS magnet technology. To support the private sector development effort and the DOE milestone based program, a U.S. Fusion Magnet Community Workshop was held on March 14-15, 2023 in Princeton, NJ. This was the first U.S. community workshop focused on fusion magnet technologies aimed at determining the structure and technical direction for a public program designed to complement the private fusion industry landscape. Based on the wide range of different contributions, a set of general themes and fusion magnet R&D needs were identified and discussed. Feedback received to the workshop charge questions highlighted critical magnet R&D gaps such as availability of existing large cable and coil test facilities, a magnet education program that can generate a trained and essential workforce by leveraging R&D capabilities of universities, U.S. national labs, and fusion industry. Other opportunities synergistic and complementary with high energy physics, high field magnets that are open for a broad range of science drivers. The defined R&D gaps underpin the need for a mid-term and long-term public program in fusion magnet development, which reflects the purpose of the workshop in developing the rationale and consent for such a base program. A self-consistent, fusion specific U.S. fusion magnet program will complement and de-risk fusion pilot plants (FPPs) of promising magnetic configurations developed by private companies on a timeline consistent with the NASEM report on bringing fusion to the U.S. grid. We describe the magnet challenges presented and R&D needs discussed in the workshop. In conclusion, these challenges and R&D needs provide focus for the development of U.S. mid-term and long term roadmaps on enabling HTS for high field fusion.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

U.S. National Accelerator R&D Program on Future Colliders

Future colliders are an essential component of a strategic vision for particle physics. Conceptual studies and technical developments for several exciting future collider options are underway internationally. In order to realize a future collider, a concerted accelerator R&D program is required. The U.S. HEP accelerator R&D program currently has no direct effort in collider-specific R&D area. This shortcoming greatly compromises the U.S. leadership role in accelerator and particle physics. In this white paper, we propose a new national accelerator R&D program on future colliders and outline the important characteristics of such a program.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

European Strategy for Particle Physics -- Accelerator R&D Roadmap

The 2020 update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics emphasised the importance of an intensified and well-coordinated programme of accelerator R&D, supporting the design and delivery of future particle accelerators in a timely, affordable and sustainable way. This report sets out a roadmap for European accelerator R&D for the next five to ten years, covering five topical areas identified in the Strategy update. The R&D objectives include: improvement of the performance and cost-performance of magnet and radio-frequency acceleration systems; investigations of the potential of laser / plasma acceleration and energy-recovery linac techniques; and development of new concepts for muon beams and muon colliders. The goal of the roadmap is to document the collective view of the field on the next steps for the R&D programme, and to provide the evidence base to support subsequent decisions on prioritisation, resourcing and implementation.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Detector R&D needs for the next generation $e^+e^-$ collider

The 2021 Snowmass Energy Frontier panel wrote in its final report "The realization of a Higgs factory will require an immediate, vigorous and targeted detector R&D program". Both linear and circular $e^+e^-$ collider efforts have developed a conceptual design for their detectors and are aggressively pursuing a path to formalize these detector concepts. The U.S. has world-class expertise in particle detectors, and is eager to play a leading role in the next generation $e^+e^-$ collider, currently slated to become operational in the 2040s. It is urgent that the U.S. organize its efforts to provide leadership and make significant contributions in detector R&D. These investments are necessary to build and retain the U.S. expertise in detector R&D and future projects, enable significant contributions during the construction phase and maintain its leadership in the Energy Frontier regardless of the choice of the collider project. In this document, we discuss areas where the U.S. can and must play a leading role in the conceptual design and R&D for detectors for $e^+e^-$ colliders.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2023

The U.S. CMS HL-LHC R&D Strategic Plan

The HL-LHC run is anticipated to start at the end of this decade and will pose a significant challenge for the scale of the HEP software and computing infrastructure. The mission of the U.S. CMS Software & Computing Operations Program is to develop and operate the software and computing resources necessary to process CMS data expeditiously and to enable U.S. physicists to fully participate in the physics of CMS. We have developed a strategic plan to prioritize R&D efforts to reach this goal for the HL-LHC. This plan includes four grand challenges: modernizing physics software and improving algorithms, building infrastructure for exabyte-scale datasets, transforming the scientific data analysis process and transitioning from R&D to operations. We are involved in a variety of R&D projects that fall within these grand challenges. In this talk, we will introduce our four grand challenges and outline the R&D program of the U.S. CMS Software & Computing Operations Program.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

International Collaboration Activities in Geologic Disposal R&D: Spent Fuel and High-Level Waste Disposition (FY25 Progress Report)

This report describes the FY25 status of international collaboration on geologic disposal research and development (R&D) in the Office of Spent Fuel and High-Level Waste Disposition (SFHLWD) in the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy (NE). The mission of this office is to provide confidence in the safe long-term management of the nation’s spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste by reducing uncertainty and advancing technology for extended storage, transportation, and geologic disposal. R&D in geologic disposal is administered in SFHLWD’s Disposal R&D Campaign.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Probabilistic R&D Portfolio Management Applied to Energy Storage

Here this paper proposes a methodology to analyze the potential of several alternative technologies in advancing a research and development portfolio. The methodology considers technology maturation, use case requirements, performance goals, cost projections, and existing research and development (R&D) efforts to predict the impact of various R&D investment tracks across several energy storage technologies. Technology maturation and cost projections are derived from a probabilistic Monte Carlo simulation, yielding results that incorporate uncertainty in modeling the impact of future R&D. This framework allows the researcher to perform a robust sensitivity analysis to uncover critical pathways and areas where investment will have a high impact.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Update on R&D Progress by DOE

Update on R&D progress DOE for High Temperature Materials presented for GIF VHTR Materials PMB Meeting Manchester for DOE.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2024

DOE ART Graphite R&D Introduction

Introduction of ART Graphite R&D to include oxidation activities, oxidation resistant graphite, model development, ASME component failure, ASME code development (design rules), ceramic composites, AGC update, molten salt intrusion, split-disk studies, wear testing, and concluding remarks.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Test of lepton flavor universality with a measurement of R ( D * ) using hadronic B tagging at the Belle II experiment

The ratio of branching fractions R ( D * ) = B ( B ¯ → D * τ − ν ¯ τ ) / B ( B ¯ → D * ℓ − ν ¯ ℓ ) , where ℓ is an electron or muon, is measured using a Belle II data sample with an integrated luminosity of 189 fb − 1 at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy e + e − collider. Data is collected at the ϒ ( 4 S ) resonance, and one B meson in the ϒ ( 4 S ) → B B ¯ decay is fully reconstructed in hadronic decay modes. The accompanying signal B meson is reconstructed as B ¯ → D * τ − ν ¯ τ using leptonic τ decays. The normalization decay, B ¯ → D * ℓ − ν ¯ ℓ , produces the same observable final-state particles. The ratio of branching fractions is extracted in a simultaneous fit to two signal-discriminating variables in both channels and yields R ( D * ) = 0.262 − 0.039 + 0.041 ( stat ) − 0.032 + 0.035 ( syst ) . This result is consistent with the current world average and with Standard Model predictions. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Adachi, I. (ORCID:0000000322870173)↗
DOE OSTI2024

Operational experience and R&D results using the Google Cloud for High-Energy Physics in the ATLAS experiment

The ATLAS experiment at CERN relies on a Worldwide Distributed Computing Grid infrastructure to support its physics program at the Large Hadron Collider. ATLAS has integrated cloud computing resources to complement its Grid infrastructure and conducted an R&D program on Google Cloud Platform. These initiatives leverage key features of commercial cloud providers: lightweight configuration and operation, elasticity and availability of diverse infrastructures. Here this paper examines the seamless integration of cloud computing services as a conventional Grid site within the ATLAS workflow management and data management systems, while also offering new setups for interactive, parallel analysis. It underscores pivotal results that enhance the on-site computing model and outlines several R&D projects that have benefited from large-scale, elastic resource provisioning models. Furthermore, this study discusses the impact of cloud-enabled R&D projects in three domains: accelerators and AI/ML, ARM CPUs and columnar data analysis techniques.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Accelerators for the Future: R&D at the Fermilab FAST Facility

High energy physics in the U.S. has ambitious plans requiring new and improved accelerator technologies, including an upgraded complex at Fermilab for DUNE, next-generation light sources, and the potential of a future collider to be built on U.S. soil. To address these requirements, Fermilab operates the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) facility, dedicated to accelerator R&D. FAST includes an electron gun and superconducting RF linac (up to 300 MeV), a storage ring, and an upcoming proton source and injector line (up to 2.5 MeV). In addition to the future of Fermilab accelerators, the broad physics program includes general R&D with potential impact across the DOE science program. This colloquium will provide a basic introduction to accelerator technologies and describe the principles of proton and electron accelerators, including the challenges associated with next-generation operations. We will discuss the exciting R&D ongoing at FAST to address the required technological advancements, focusing on Non-Linear Integrable Optics (NIO) for improved beam intensity and Optical Stochastic Cooling (OSC) for improved beam quality, and touching on a wide range of additional ongoing research. I intend to make the content interesting and accessible to those who have never taken any formal courses in accelerator physics.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

DOE OE 2021 Strategy White Papers on Microgrids: Program Vision, Objectives, and R&D Targets in 5 and 10 years–Topic Area #1

This white paper describes the program vision, objectives, and R&D targets in 5 to 10 years for the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Electricity (OE) Microgrid R&D Program. The vision is to facilitate the nation’s transitions to (1) a more resilient and reliable, (2) more decarbonized electricity infrastructure, in which (3) microgrids have a reduced cost to implement. This strategy is developed in the context that the United States’ electricity delivery system is becoming more distributed in nature. The electricity generation capacity in 10 years may be 30-50% distributed energy assets.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2025

R&D Program for HEP High-Power Targets at Fermilab

A high-power target system is a key beam element to complete future High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. In the recent past, major accelerator facilities have been limited in beam power not by their accelerators, but by the beam intercepting device survivability. The target must then endure high power pulsed beam, leading to high cycle thermal stresses/pressures and thermal shocks. The increased beam power will also create significant challenges such as corrosion and radiation damage that can cause harmful effects on the material and degrade their mechanical and thermal properties during irradiation. This can eventually lead to the failure of the material and drastically reduce the lifetime of targets and beam intercepting devices. In order to operate reliable beam-intercepting devices in the framework of energy and intensity increase projects of the future, it is essential to develop a strong R&D program and have synergy with various expertise. After presenting the high power targetry challenges facing next generation multi-MW accelerators, we will give an overview of Fermilab’s R&D program in support of High Power Targetry development. The RaDIATE collaboration (Radiation Damage In Accelerator Target Environment), managed by Fermilab, also draws on existing expertise in related fields to execute a coordinated strategy for high power targetry R&D between the 14 international member institutions.

Pellemoine, Frederique [Fermilab]↗
DOE OSTI2022

Bioenergy Technologies Office: R&D State of Technology 2020

The U.S. Department of Energy’s Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) funds research and development (R&D) on technologies necessary for the deployment and production of cost competitive bioenergy, primarily biofuels. Results of experimental efforts are periodically compiled and compared with benchmark technology designs to assess overall progress. This report provides a status of those R&D efforts at the end of 2020. This report first describes the approach for assessing progress, followed by specific technology pathway configurations within which progress is charted. Each pathway configuration is described separately and the state of technology progress is presented for the combined pathway, as well as for pathway components. Detailed component descriptions reference technology barriers and challenges that are detailed in the appendix.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2021

COVID-19 Testing R&D (Final Report)

Eleven Labs within the US Department of Energy (DOE), National Virtual Biotechnology Laboratory (NVBL), came together as a team to address significant R&D gaps in COVID-19 testing. Beginning in March 2020, the NVBL COVID Testing Team developed an R&D agenda, worked with DOE and other agencies to set priorities, and collaborated to deliver timely results. Priority was given to quick implementation as well as development of novel capabilities for immediate and evolving pandemic needs without placing additional burden on operational performers. Priority elements capitalized on DOE National Laboratory strengths and expertise. The Team delivered: testing and evaluation that enabled decisions on testing options, forwardleaning approaches to prepare for future scale-up needs, and models and experiments that supported prioritization of diagnostic and therapeutic candidates.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗