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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2011

Issues Concerning the Oxidation of Ni(Pt)Ti Shape Memory Alloys

The oxidation behavior of the Ni-30Pt-50Ti high temperature shape memory alloy is compared to that of conventional NiTi nitinol SMAs. The oxidation rates were ~1/4 those of NiTi under identical conditions. Ni-Ti-X SMAs are dominated by TiO2 scales, but, in some cases, the activation energy diverges for unexplained reasons. Typically, islands of metallic Ni or Pt(Ni) particles are embedded in lower scale layers due to rapid selective growth of TiO2 and low oxygen potential within the scale. The blocking effect of Pt-rich particles and lower diffusivity of Pt-rich depletion zones are proposed to account for the reduction in oxidation rates.

Smialek, James↗
NASA NTRS2017

Anionic Pt in Silicate Melts at Low Oxygen Fugacity: Speciation, Partitioning and Implications for Core Formation Processes on Asteroids

Most siderophile element concentrations in planetary mantles can be explained by metal/ silicate equilibration at high temperature and pressure during core formation. Highly siderophile elements (HSE = Au, Re, and the Pt-group elements), however, usually have higher mantle abundances than predicted by partitioning models, suggesting that their concentrations have been set by late accretion of material that did not equilibrate with the core. The partitioning of HSE at the low oxygen fugacities relevant for core formation is however poorly constrained due to the lack of sufficient experimental constraints to describe the variations of partitioning with key variables like temperature, pressure, and oxygen fugacity. To better understand the relative roles of metal/silicate partitioning and late accretion, we performed a self-consistent set of experiments that parameterizes the influence of oxygen fugacity, temperature and melt composition on the partitioning of Pt, one of the HSE, between metal and silicate melts. The major outcome of this project is the fact that Pt dissolves in an anionic form in silicate melts, causing a dependence of partitioning on oxygen fugacity opposite to that reported in previous studies.

Medard, E.↗
NASA NTRS2017

Pt: Ti Diffusion Barrier, Interconnect, and Simultaneous Ohmic Contacts to n- and p-type 4H-SiC

We report the initial results of using co-sputtered Pt:Ti 80:20 at. % composition ratio metallization as a diffusion barrier against gold (Au) and oxygen (O), as an interconnect layer, as well as forming simultaneous ohmic contacts to n-and p-type 4H-SiC. Having a single conductor with such combined multi-functional attributes would appreciably reduce the fabrication costs, processing time and complexity that are inherent in the production of SiC based devices. Auger Electron Spectroscopy, Focused Ion Beam-assisted Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy analyses revealed no Au and O migration to the SiC contact surface and minimal diffusion through the Pt:Ti barrier layer after 15 minutes of exposure at 800 °C in atmosphere, thus offering potential long term stability of the ohmic contacts. Specific contact resistance values of 7 x 10(exp -5) and 7.4 x 10(exp -4) Ω-sq.cm were obtained on the n (N(sub d)=7 x 10(exp 18) per cu.cm and p (N(sub a)=2 x 10(exp 20) per cu. cm) -type 4H-SiC, respectively. The resistivity of 75 μΩ-cm was obtained for the Pt:Ti layer that was sandwiched between two SiO2 layers and annealed in pure O ambient up to 900 °C, which offers promise as a high temperature interconnect metallization.

Simultaneous Ohmic Contact↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Metal-silicate Partitioning of Re, Ru, Pt, Os, Ti, Nb, and Ta in Reduced Differentiated Planetary Bodies

Siderophile (iron-loving) elements are strongly fractionated during differentiation of planetary bodies into core and mantle [1]. Because the fractionation is controlled by the pressure, temperature, redox conditions, and composition, this group of elements can provide important constraints on the conditions of accretion and core formation in early solar system bodies (planetesimals) and planets (Earth, Mercury, Venus)[2]. At the reducing conditions thought to prevail in the early solar system, Si is known to alloy with FeNi metallic liquids (e.g., [3]) affecting the activity coefficients of siderophile elements in FeNi liquids and thus ultimately their detailed partitioning between metal and silicate melt. The effect of Si can be significant for some siderophile elements, as demonstrated previously by (e.g., [4]: Ni, Co; [5,6]: Ge, As, Sb, Pd, Pt, Au). The effect of Si has not yet been determined for several key groups of siderophile elements including the highly siderophile Re, Ru and Os, and the weakly siderophile Ta, Nb, and Ti. Here, we report new experiments designed to quantify the effect of Si on the partitioning of Re, Pt, Os, Ru, Ti, Ta and Nb between metal and silicate melts. The results will be used to evaluate metal/silicate equilibrium for Nb, Ta, Ti and Nb/Ta ratios in planetary mantles, mantle concentrations of Ru, Re, Pt, Os during accretion, the evolution of Re/Os, Pt/Os ratios in magma oceans, and the role of late veneer in establishing Re and Ru abundances in the terrestrial mantle.

core formation↗
NASA NTRS1987

Ru, Re, Os, Pt and Au in iron meteorites

Neutron activation analysis is used to ascertain the proportions of Ru, Re, Os, and Pt refractory siderophiles, and moderately volatile Au, in 41 iron meteorites. The Ni-element trends defined for groups IID and IIIF support a magmatic origin; in addition, the results obtained for groups IAB and IIICD contrast with trends observed in magmatic groups, where the Ru and Pt slopes are substantially less steep. In group IIIAB, at Ni concentrations above 90 mg/g, the steep decrease of Re, Os, and Ir with Ni levels off, and the interelement ratios exhibit considerable scatter. These observations may be explained in terms of the contamination of the residual molten core with small amounts of late primitive melts draining from the mantle.

Pernicka, Ernst↗
NASA NTRS1988

Accurate energy levels for singly ionized platinum (Pt II)

New observations of the spectrum of Pt II have been made with hollow-cathode lamps. The region from 1032 to 4101 A was observed photographically with a 10.7-m normal-incidence spectrograph. The region from 2245 to 5223 A was observed with a Fourier-transform spectrometer. Wavelength measurements were made for 558 lines. The uncertainties vary from 0.0005 to 0.004 A. From these measurements and three parity-forbidden transitions in the infrared, accurate values were determined for 28 even and 72 odd energy levels of Pt II.

Reader, Joseph↗
NASA NTRS1988

Undercooling studies on Nb-Pt and Nb-Si alloys using the 105 meter drop tube

Niobium-platinum samples of compositions ranging from 16 to 32 at. pct have been undercooled to as much as 540 K in the low gravity, containerless environment of a 105 meter drop tube. Undercooling was terminated in the Nb-Pt samples by the nucleation and growth of the Nb3Pt phase. In the 16-18 at. pct Pt samples, this resulted in samples which are completely Nb3Pt, in contrast to both the equilibrium phase diagram and the nonundercooled samples which formed with Nb dendrites and interdendritic Nb3Pt. Undercoolings for the Nb-Si samples were up to 670 K, which corresponds to 27 percent of the liquidus temperature or 80 percent of the estimated hypercooling limit. In the Nb-Si system, a coupled zone was identified as well as a metastable extension of the solubility limit of Si in Nb due to deep undercooling.

Robinson, M. B.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Elemental fractionation and magnetic properties of melt-based Y1Ba2Cu3Oz containing excess Tb or Pt

Scanning electron microscopy of certain partially melted Y-Ba-Cu-O materials containing minority metal oxide species (Y:Tb:Ba:Cu = 1:0.1:2:3 or Y:Ba:Cu with Pt impurities), accompanied by both EDX and EMP analysis, indicates that the minority species (Tb or Pt) is quantitatively concentrated in a relatively small number of 123-type grains. High magnetic susceptibility and magnetization observed for these materials indicate that such elemental distribution is not detrimental to superconducting behavior.

Hojaji, Hamid↗
NASA NTRS1996

Effect of Pt Doping on Nucleation and Crystallization in Li2O.2SiO2 Glass: Experimental Measurements and Computer Modeling

Heterogeneous nucleation and its effects on the crystallization of lithium disilicate glass containing small amounts of Pt are investigated. Measurements of the nucleation frequencies and induction times with and without Pt are shown to be consistent with predictions based on the classical nucleation theory. A realistic computer model for the transformation is presented. Computed differential thermal analysis data (such as crystallization rates as a function of time and temperature) are shown to be in good agreement with experimental results. This modeling provides a new, more quantitative method for analyzing calorimetric data.

Narayan, K. Lakshmi↗
NASA NTRS2000

Effect of Hf Additions to Pt Aluminide Bond Coats on EB-PVD TBC Life

Small Hf additions were incorporated into a Pt aluminide coating during chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on single crystal RENE N5 substrates. Standard yttria-stabilized zirconia top coats were subsequently deposited onto the coated substrates by electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). The coated substrates underwent accelerated thermal cycle testing in a furnace at a temperature in excess of 1121 C (2050 F) (45 minute hot exposure, 15 minute cool to approximately 121 C (250 F)) until the thermal barrier coating (TBC) failed by spallation. Incorporating Hf in the bond coat increased the TBC life by slightly more than three times that of a baseline coating without added Hf. Scanning electron microscopy of the spalled surfaces indicated that the presence of the Hf increased the adherence of the thermally grown alumina to the Pt aluminide bond coat. The presence of oxide pegs growing into the coating from the thermally grown alumina may also partially account for the improved TBC life by creating a near-surface layer with a graded coefficient of thermal expansion.

Nesbitt, James↗
NASA NTRS1979

Transport of majority and minority carriers in 2-micron-diameter Pt-GaAs Schottky barriers

An experimental study of small area (2-micron diameter) Pt-GaAs Schottky barrier diodes has been made, by using a wafer chip with a matrix of these diodes lying within approximately a minority carrier diffusion length of one another. Using one diode as collector and another as emitter, transistor measurements indicated that the dominant contribution to the current is the majority-carrier thermionic field emission current for large forward-bias voltage of the emitter junction (V-EB no less than about 0.4 V), whereas the smaller forward-bias (V-EB no greater than about 0.4 V) recombination in the space-charge region was most important. The minority carrier injection ratio is measurable only for large forward-bias voltages, decreasing from about 0.02 to 0.00001 as VEB increases from 0.5 to 1.0 V. The minority carrier diffusion length was measured to be about 1.3 microns. These results are of considerable significance for the understanding and optimization of the performance of these devices as classical detectors and mixers.

Chan, E. Y.↗
NASA NTRS1989

A space qualified thermal imaging system using a Pt Si detector array

EDO Corporation, Barnes Engineering Division designed and constructed a high resolution thermal imaging system on contract to Lockheed for use in the SDI Star Lab. This employs a Pt Si CCD array which is sensitive in the spectral range of 3 to 5 microns. Star Lab will be flown in the Shuttle bay and consists basically of a large, reflecting, tracking telescope with associated sensors and electronics. The thermal imaging system is designed to operate in the focal plane of this telescope. The configuration of the system is illustrated. The telescope provides a collimated beam output which is focussed onto the detector array by a silicon objective lens. The detector array subtends a field of view of 1.6 degrees x 1.22 degrees. A beam switching mirror permits bypassing the large telescope to give a field of 4 degrees x 3 degrees. Two 8 position filter wheels are provided, and background radiation is minimized by Narcissus mirrors. The detector is cooled with a Joule-Thompson cryostat fed from a high pressure supply tank. This was selected instead of a more convenient closed-cycle system because of concern with vibration. The latter may couple into the extremely critical Starlab tracking telescope. The electronics produce a digitized video signal for recording. Offset and responsivity correction factors are stored for all pixels and these corrections are made to the digitized output in real time.

Astheimer, Robert W.↗
NASA NTRS1990

In situ analysis of CO during chemisorption and oxidation on graphite: Supported Pt by FTIR-microspectrometry

For chemisorption and oxidation on Pt/HOPG (highly-orientated pyrolytic) graphite, reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)-microspectrometry reveals a variable state and reactivity for CO. Even for model surface science systems, where surface heterogeneity is minimal, surface diffusion may be too slow relative to the reaction rate to avoid segregation of reactants into surface islands under steady-state conditions. Thus in CO oxidation on Pt (where the relevant surface diffusion coefficients are such that D sub O less than D sub CO) then reactant CO islands exists at the perimeters of which the surface reaction is thought to occur. Furthermore CO can chemisorb on metals in linear and bridge forms to extents which vary with precise faces predominantly exposed coverage, etc. Infrared has long been used to probe the nature of adsorbed CO on model film and heterogeneous surfaces, but it may now be that FTIR-microspectrometry will allow the state of this adsorbate and reactant to be investigated with a spatial resolution of 4.4 microns on model (and real) catalytic surfaces.

Self, Valerie A.↗