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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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30 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Toward learning Lattice Boltzmann collision operators

In this work, we explore the possibility of learning from data collision operators for the Lattice Boltzmann Method using a deep learning approach. We compare a hierarchy of designs of the neural network (NN) collision operator and evaluate the performance of the resulting LBM method in reproducing time dynamics of several canonical flows. In the current study, as a first attempt to address the learning problem, the data were generated by a single relaxation time BGK operator. We demonstrate that vanilla NN architecture has very limited accuracy. On the other hand, by embedding physical properties, such as conservation laws and symmetries, it is possible to dramatically increase the accuracy by several orders of magnitude and correctly reproduce the short and long time dynamics of standard fluid flows.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2025

Electrolyzer Cost Model

To compare material and electrical costs of different anodes for use in magnesium electrolysis, this interactive sheet is set up to manipulate values for varying configurations of geometry, material properties, and other assumed values.

Nguyen, Tuan (0000000297269764)↗
DOE OSTI2021

A vision of immuno-oncology: the Siena think tank of the Italian Network for Tumor Biotherapy (NIBIT) foundation

The yearly Think Tank Meeting of the Italian Network for Tumor Biotherapy (NIBIT) Foundation, brings together in Siena, Tuscany (Italy), experts in immuno-oncology to review the learnings from current immunotherapy treatments, and to propose new pre-clinical and clinical investigations in selected research areas. While immunotherapies in non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma led to practice changing therapies, the same therapies had only modest benefit for patients with other malignancies, such as mesothelioma and glioblastoma. One way to improve on current immunotherapies is to alter the sequence of each combination agent. Matching the immunotherapy to the host’s immune response may thus improve the activity of the current treatments. A second approach is to combine current immunotherapies with novel agents targeting complementary mechanisms. Identifying the appropriate novel agents may require different approaches than the traditional laboratory-based discovery work. For example, artificial intelligence-based research may help focusing the search for innovative and most promising combination partners. Novel immunotherapies are needed in cancer patients with resistance to or relapse after current immunotherapeutic drugs. Such new treatments may include targeted agents or monoclonal antibodies to overcome the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. The mode of combining the novel treatments, including vaccines, needs to be matched to the patient’s immune status for achieving the maximum benefit. In this scenario, specific attention should be also paid nowadays to the immune intersection between COVID-19 and cancer.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

BioHackathon 2015: Semantics of data for life sciences and reproducible research

We report on the activities of the 2015 edition of the BioHackathon, an annual event that brings together researchers and developers from around the world to develop tools and technologies that promote the reusability of biological data. We discuss issues surrounding the representation, publication, integration, mining and reuse of biological data and metadata across a wide range of biomedical data types of relevance for the life sciences, including chemistry, genotypes and phenotypes, orthology and phylogeny, proteomics, genomics, glycomics, and metabolomics. We describe our progress to address ongoing challenges to the reusability and reproducibility of research results, and identify outstanding issues that continue to impede the progress of bioinformatics research. We share our perspective on the state of the art, continued challenges, and goals for future research and development for the life sciences Semantic Web.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Status of MQXFB Quadrupole Magnets for HL-LHC

The MQXFB magnets are superconducting quadrupoles with nominal peak field on the conductor of 11.3 T. With their magnetic length of 7.2 m, they stand as the longest Nb3Sn accelerator magnets designed and manufactured up to now. Together with the companion MQXFA 4.2 m long units, built by the US Accelerator Research Program, they are at the heart of HL-LHC, as they shall replace the inner triplet quadrupoles at either side of the ATLAS and CMS interaction regions of the LHC. This technology has benefited from many years of development, and this specific design was validated with successful short models (MQXFS, 1.2 m long). More recently, several MQXFA magnets were shown to satisfy HL-LHC requirements. In this paper, we report on the cold test results of four MQXFB magnets, focusing on performance, training, behavior after thermal and powering cycles, and field quality. We then provide an update of the overall status, including ongoing verifications of design changes at the level of the coil fabrication.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Threat Sources for Creating Synthetic Urban Search Data

Equivalent point source energy emission distributions were computed for various threat sources for use in simulating the detector responses for urban search scenarios. The sources include standard isotopic sources used in detector testing, medical and industrial sources occasionally encountered in urban searches, and several types of special nuclear materials. Most of the equivalent point source distributions represent small sources inside some amount of shielding, but the special nuclear material sources represent volumetrically distributed sources in spheres of metal. Text-based inputs for emission distributions are available for the Monte Carlo transport codes Monte Carlo N-Particle, SCALE/MAVRIC, and Omnibus/Shift, any of which can easily be converted to other formats. These sources were developed for use in the Radiological Anomaly Detection and Identification (RADAI) project and the follow-on project, the RADAI-Extended project, sponsored by the National Nuclear Security Administration Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Research and Development.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2024

OR22-Neuromorphic Rad Detector-PD3Ra (Final Report)

In unattended monitoring scenarios, automated radiation detection algorithms must be able to detect low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) anomalies in a potentially dynamic and noisy background and report these anomalies in a timely fashion. Dynamic and noisy backgrounds complicate the use of simple gross-counting algorithms because they can lead to either high false positive rates or low sensitivity. Algorithms that use the entire spectrum have been the most successful in this area; notable examples are the NSCRAD algorithm developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and recently the nonnegative matrix factorization approach developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). These approaches use either spectral regions of interest or spectral decomposition to detect threat isotopes in the background.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2023

Results from the First Field Test of a Ruggedized Continuous Holdup Monitor

A first field test of the inexpensive and ruggedized online holdup monitor under development at the US Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) was performed in September of 2023 with highly successful results. ORNL staff collaborated with personnel at the National Fuel Services (NFS) to place two battery-powered detector units at the facility, one on a fuel processing line and the other on a HEPA filter. Both units collected gamma-ray counts per second, temperature, humidity, and battery power data every 5 s seconds over the course of 19 days. Analyzed results from the measurements were discussed with NFS personnel after the units were removed. Vendor feedback on the units was overwhelmingly positive with an expressed desire to deploy finished units at the facility and an open invitation for testing future prototypes.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2025

Developments to the Distributed Holdup Monitoring System in Fiscal Year 2025

Permanently installed holdup monitoring would provide a myriad of benefits to nuclear facilities, ranging among decreased facility burden, increased safety bases, and increased accuracy of relevant material controls and accountancy metrics. However, the cost per detection system must be affordable to provide reliable coverage. For this project, the target unit price per system has been $\$$1,000. Recent work has focused on pushing costs lower through developing a plastic scintillator and silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)–based front end, which are components that are not commercially available in conjunction with each other. Other work has included further system development and use of a low-cost SiPM. Finally, a limited deployment at a processing facility was achieved. Results from this deployment and the development process are discussed in detail.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2022

A multi-modal scanning system to digitize CBRNE emergency response scenes

A handheld system developed to digitize a contextual understanding of the scene at a chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and/or explosives (CBRNE) events is described. The system uses LiDAR and cameras to create a colorized 3D model of the environment, which helps domain experts that are supporting responders in the field. To generate the digitized model, a responder scans any suspicious objects and the surroundings by carrying the system through the scene. The scanning system provides a real-time user interface to inform the user about scanning progress and to indicate any areas that may have been missed either by the LiDAR sensors or the cameras. Currently, the collected data are post-processed on a different device, building a colorized triangular mesh of the encountered scene, with the intention of moving this pipeline to the scanner at a later point. The mesh is sufficiently compressed to be sent over a reduced bandwidth connection to a remote analyst. Furthermore, the system tracks fiducial markers attached to diagnostic equipment that is placed around the suspicious object. The resulting tracking information can be transmitted to remote analysts to further facilitate their supporting efforts. The paper will discuss the system's design, software components, the user interface used for scanning a scene, the necessary procedures for calibration of the sensors, and the processing steps of the resulting data. The discussion will close by evaluating the system's performance on 11 scenes.

Prins, Nicholas↗