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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on HPb3ClO3 by Materials Project

(H(PbO)3)2Cl2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pmc2_1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of four hydrochloric acid molecules and one H(PbO)3 sheet oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction. In the H(PbO)3 sheet, there are six inequivalent Pb2+ sites. In the first Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.22 Å) and one longer (2.45 Å) Pb–O bond lengths. In the second Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.43 Å) and two longer (2.45 Å) Pb–O bond lengths. In the third Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.30 Å) and one longer (2.41 Å) Pb–O bond lengths. In the fourth Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.42 Å) and two longer (2.43 Å) Pb–O bond lengths. In the fifth Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.25 Å) and one longer (2.38 Å) Pb–O bond lengths. In the sixth Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.30 Å) and one longer (2.37 Å) Pb–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Pb2+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OPb4 tetrahedra. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Pb2+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OPb4 tetrahedra. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Pb2+ and one H1+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Pb2+ and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pb3NO6 by Materials Project

(PbO)3NO3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pca2_1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of four nitric acid molecules and two PbO sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In each PbO sheet, there are three inequivalent Pb sites. In the first Pb site, Pb is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.42 Å. In the second Pb site, Pb is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.76 Å. In the third Pb site, Pb is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.35 Å. There are three inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded to four Pb atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OPb4 tetrahedra. In the second O site, O is bonded to four Pb atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OPb4 tetrahedra. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to three Pb atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CuPb2I3O2 by Materials Project

CuI3(PbO)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Fddd space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of sixteen CuI3 clusters and sixteen PbO clusters. In each CuI3 cluster, there are two inequivalent Cu1+ sites. In the first Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded to four I1- atoms to form edge-sharing CuI4 tetrahedra. There are two shorter (2.57 Å) and two longer (2.58 Å) Cu–I bond lengths. In the second Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded to four I1- atoms to form edge-sharing CuI4 tetrahedra. There are two shorter (2.57 Å) and two longer (2.62 Å) Cu–I bond lengths. There are three inequivalent I1- sites. In the first I1- site, I1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cu1+ atom. In the second I1- site, I1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cu1+ atom. In the third I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Cu1+ atoms. In each PbO cluster, there are two inequivalent Pb3+ sites. In the first Pb3+ site, Pb3+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.29 Å) and one longer (2.30 Å) Pb–O bond lengths. In the second Pb3+ site, Pb3+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.27–2.29 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Pb3+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Pb3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pb2IO2 by Materials Project

(PbO)2I crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two hydriodic acid molecules and two PbO sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In each PbO sheet, Pb is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent O atoms. All Pb–O bond lengths are 2.37 Å. O is bonded to four equivalent Pb atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OPb4 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SiPb7(ClO4)2 by Materials Project

(PbO)4Pb3Si(O2Cl)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Amm2 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two Pb3Si(O2Cl)2 sheets oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction and two PbO sheets oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction. In each Pb3Si(O2Cl)2 sheet, there are two inequivalent Pb2+ sites. In the first Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to four equivalent O2- and four Cl1- atoms. All Pb–O bond lengths are 2.51 Å. There are two shorter (3.09 Å) and two longer (3.13 Å) Pb–Cl bond lengths. In the second Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- atoms to form distorted PbO4 trigonal pyramids that share corners with four equivalent SiClO4 square pyramids. All Pb–O bond lengths are 2.51 Å. Si4+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- and one Cl1- atom to form distorted SiClO4 square pyramids that share corners with four equivalent PbO4 trigonal pyramids. All Si–O bond lengths are 1.74 Å. The Si–Cl bond length is 2.56 Å. O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Pb2+ and one Si4+ atom. There are two inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Pb2+ atoms. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Pb2+ and one Si4+ atom. In each PbO sheet, there are four inequivalent Pb2+ sites. In the first Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All Pb–O bond lengths are 2.37 Å. In the second Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All Pb–O bond lengths are 2.37 Å. In the third Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All Pb–O bond lengths are 2.33 Å. In the fourth Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All Pb–O bond lengths are 2.33 Å. O2- is bonded to four Pb2+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OPb4 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pb3NO6 by Materials Project

(PbO)3NO3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbcm space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of four nitric acid molecules and two PbO sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In each PbO sheet, there are three inequivalent Pb sites. In the first Pb site, Pb is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O atoms. There are two shorter (2.37 Å) and two longer (2.38 Å) Pb–O bond lengths. In the second Pb site, Pb is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O atoms. There are two shorter (2.29 Å) and two longer (2.52 Å) Pb–O bond lengths. In the third Pb site, Pb is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O atoms. There are two shorter (2.29 Å) and two longer (2.50 Å) Pb–O bond lengths. There are three inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded to four Pb atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OPb4 tetrahedra. In the second O site, O is bonded to four Pb atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OPb4 tetrahedra. In the third O site, O is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four Pb atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CuPb2Cl3O2 by Materials Project

CuCl3(PbO)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4_1/acd space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of eight PbO clusters and four CuCl3 ribbons oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In each PbO cluster, Pb3+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent O2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.28 Å) and two longer (2.29 Å) Pb–O bond lengths. O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three equivalent Pb3+ atoms. In each CuCl3 ribbon, Cu1+ is bonded to four Cl1- atoms to form corner-sharing CuCl4 tetrahedra. There are two shorter (2.28 Å) and two longer (2.43 Å) Cu–Cl bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cu1+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent Cu1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CuPb2(OF)2 by Materials Project

CuF2(PbO)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two CuF2 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction and two PbO sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In each CuF2 sheet, Cu2+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four equivalent F1- atoms. All Cu–F bond lengths are 2.02 Å. F1- is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Cu2+ atoms. In each PbO sheet, Pb2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All Pb–O bond lengths are 2.35 Å. O2- is bonded to four equivalent Pb2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OPb4 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Lead leaching and electrowinning in acetic acid for solar module recycling

It is imperative to recover lead (Pb) contained in end-of-life solar modules. In this paper, a two-step leaching and electrowinning process using acetic acid is investigated for Pb recovery. Acetic acid with hydrogen peroxide can dissolve Pb quickly and, under some conditions, in a matter of minutes. Pb electrowinning has been successfully demonstrated from aqueous solutions of 0.009 M lead(II) acetate with 0–10% v/v acetic acid. Pb-containing deposits are found on both the copper cathode and graphite anode. X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirm the presence of metallic Pb and Pb(II) oxide (PbO) co-deposits on the cathode. Further, there is also the formation of lead subacetate on the cathode under certain conditions. On the anode, the deposit consists of lead(IV) oxide and superoxide (PbO 2 and Pb 1–x O 2 ). A Pb recovery rate of 99% is achieved in 0.009 M lead(II) acetate solutions with 10% v/v acetic acid by applying a reduction potential of either –0.8 V or –1.0 V versus the silver/silver chloride reference electrode for 24h. Pb leaching with acetic acid is also demonstrated from milled silicon solar modules.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on AgPbBrO by Materials Project

AgBrPbO crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/nmm space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one AgBr sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction and one PbO sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In the AgBr sheet, Ag1+ is bonded to five equivalent Br1- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing AgBr5 square pyramids. There are four shorter (2.86 Å) and one longer (2.94 Å) Ag–Br bond lengths. Br1- is bonded to five equivalent Ag1+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing BrAg5 square pyramids. In the PbO sheet, Pb2+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All Pb–O bond lengths are 2.35 Å. O2- is bonded to four equivalent Pb2+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OPb4 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on PbIO by Materials Project

PbOI crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of four hydriodic acid molecules and two PbO ribbons oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. In each PbO ribbon, Pb is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three equivalent O atoms. There are two shorter (2.24 Å) and one longer (2.31 Å) Pb–O bond lengths. O is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three equivalent Pb atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Recycling of Lead Pastes from Spent Lead–Acid Batteries: Thermodynamic Constraints for Desulphurization

Lead–acid batteries are important to modern society because of their wide usage and low cost. The primary source for production of new lead–acid batteries is from recycling spent lead–acid batteries. In spent lead–acid batteries, lead is primarily present as lead pastes. In lead pastes, the dominant component is lead sulfate (PbSO 4 , mineral name anglesite) and lead oxide sulfate (PbO•PbSO 4 , mineral name lanarkite), which accounts for more than 60% of lead pastes. In the recycling process for lead–acid batteries, the desulphurization of lead sulfate is the key part to the overall process. In this work, the thermodynamic constraints for desulphurization via the hydrometallurgical route for recycling lead pastes are presented. The thermodynamic constraints are established according to the thermodynamic model that is applicable and important to recycling of lead pastes via hydrometallurgical routes in high ionic strength solutions that are expected to be in industrial processes. The thermodynamic database is based on the Pitzer equations for calculations of activity coefficients of aqueous species. The desulphurization of lead sulfates represented by PbSO 4 can be achieved through the following routes. (1) conversion to lead oxalate in oxalate-bearing solutions; (2) conversion to lead monoxide in alkaline solutions; and (3) conversion to lead carbonate in carbonate solutions. Among the above three routes, the conversion to lead oxalate is environmentally friendly and has a strong thermodynamic driving force. Oxalate-bearing solutions such as oxalic acid and potassium oxalate solutions will provide high activities of oxalate that are many orders of magnitude higher than those required for conversion of anglesite or lanarkite to lead oxalate, in accordance with the thermodynamic model established for the oxalate system. An additional advantage of the oxalate conversion route is that no additional reductant is needed to reduce lead dioxide to lead oxide or lead sulfate, as there is a strong thermodynamic force to convert lead dioxide directly to lead oxalate. As lanarkite is an important sulfate-bearing phase in lead pastes, this study evaluates the solubility constant for lanarkite regarding the following reaction, based on the solubility data, PbO•PbSO 4 + 2H + ⇌ 2Pb 2+ + SO 4 2– + H 2 O(l).

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Metribuzin resistance via enhanced metabolism in a multiple herbicide resistant Lolium rigidum population

Abstract BACKGROUND The photosystem II (PSII)‐inhibiting herbicides are important for Australian farmers to control Lolium rigidum Gaud. and other weed species in trazine tolerant (TT)‐canola fields. A L. rigidum population (R) collected from a TT‐canola field from Western Australia showed multiple resistance to PSII, acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. The mechanisms of multiple resistance in this R population were determined. RESULTS The R population showed a low‐level (about 3.0‐fold) resistance to the PSII‐inhibiting herbicides metribuzin and atrazine. Sequencing of the psbA gene revealed no differences between the R and susceptible (S) sequences. Furthermore, [ 14 C]‐metribuzin experiments found no significant difference in metribuzin foliar uptake and translocation between the R and S plants. However, [ 14 C]‐metribuzin metabolism in R plants was 2.3‐fold greater than in S plants. The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO) enhanced plant mortality response to metribuzin and atrazine in both R and S populations. In addition, multiple resistance to ALS and ACCase inhibitors are due to known resistance mutations in ALS and ACCase genes. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that enhanced metribuzin metabolism likely involving cytochrome P450 monooxygenase contributes to metribuzin resistance in Lolium rigidum. This is the first report of metabolic resistance to the PSII‐inhibiting herbicide metribuzin in Australian Lolium rigidum . © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

Ma, Hongju↗
DOE OSTI2020

Glass waste form options for rare-earth fission products from electrochemical reprocessing

Herein, we describe a first-of-a-kind study where lead tellurite (Pb-Te-O), iron phosphate (Fe-P-O), and lanthanide aluminoborosilicate (LABS) waste forms are evaluated for treating and/or immobilizing waste streams containing high rare-earth (RE) content, e.g., RECl 3 , REOCl, and/or REO x . Results from this study show that NdOCl can be immobilized in 78TeO 2 -22PbO glass at up to 10 mass%. Higher loadings of up to 15 mass% were demonstrated, but with a small fraction of crystallization. Two Fe-P-O glasses produced from either RECl 3 (RE = Nd,Ce) or NdOCl revealed products with very similar properties, demonstrating that the phosphate process can be used to chlorinate a variety of RE-containing waste streams. Two LABS glasses produced from Nd 2 O 3 or NdOCl showed similar properties, but the LABS-NdOCl glass did have some residual Cl present. Characterization is provided for all waste forms including chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, and bulk density.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Transport properties and thermal behavior of YbMnSb 2 semimetal above room temperature

Single crystals of ytterbium manganese diantimonide, YbMnSb 2 have been grown from a high-temperature reaction of the elements, employing molten Sb as self-flux. This phase crystallizes in the tetragonal centrosymmetric space group P4/nmm (No. 129) and adopts the ZrCuSiAs structure type. Here, the structure consists of Sb-based square nets and PbO-type layers formed by fused [MnSb 4/4 ] tetrahedra. YbMnSb 2 is stable under ambient atmosphere and incongruently melts at a temperature of ca. 1120 K. In the temperature range from 300 K to 450 K, the electrical resistivity of the as-grown single-crystalline material is as low as 3.2 mΩ cm, while its thermopower is as high as 180 μV/K. As such, YbMnSb 2 shows promise for thermoelectric applications in the mid-temperature region, with an estimated power factor of 0.85–0.95 mW/(m K 2 ).

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Synthesis of imidazolium-mediated Poly(benzoxazole) Ionene and composites with ionic liquids as advanced gas separation membranes

We report thermally rearranged (TR) polymers and ionic polymers are two material classes which have been employed in leading gas separation membranes. This work introduces a novel approach of combining the benzoxazole functionality associated with TR polymers with tailorable cationic groups, yielding a new type of imidazolium-mediated poly(benzoxazole) ionene polymer, “Im-PBO-Ionene” with the aim of enhanced CO 2 separation performance. The structural changes exhibited from the Coulombic interactions between the ionene backbone and the “free” ionic liquid (IL) resulted in enhanced gas separation performance, shown in fundamental characterizations, observed through increased diffusivities and more notably, retained high selectivities and 3x or 5x respective increases in CO 2 permeability upon the addition of 1 or 2 equivalents of IL per polymer repeat unit. These new high-performance ionenes demonstrate the versatility of ionene design and potential of the ionene + IL material platform for gas separation membranes with versatile incorporation of sophisticated functional and structural features.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗