SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “LHV”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2022

Sustainable Aviation Fuel via Hydroprocessing of Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis Oil

Cycloalkanes have been identified as a promising alternative for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) in a recent US Department of Energy Review of Technical Pathways to SAF. Cycloalkanes can provide desirable SAF properties, including energy density, and, in addition, they may be able to provide necessary seal swelling and leakage protection and replace undesirable aromatics in aviation fuel. Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) followed by hydroprocessing constitutes a platform well suited for converting biomass to cycloalkanes. CFP oils are rich in phenolic compounds and, depending on CFP catalyst, in aromatic hydrocarbons, which can both be hydrogenated to form cycloalkanes. In this work, we report results from hydroprocessing of two types of CFP oil to produce fractions boiling in the sustainable aviation fuel range and meeting tested aviation fuel specifications. CFP oils prepared over a zeolite catalyst (ZSM-5) and a hydrodeoxygenation catalyst (Pt/TiO2) were hydroprocessed over a sulfided NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst in a two-stage process (1st stage ~250 degrees C and 2nd stage 385 degrees C) in a continuous trickle-bed hydrotreater. The hydrotreated product contained 39-40% material boiling in the SAF range by distillation with a carbon efficiency of 36-37% from CFP oil to SAF fraction. The SAF fractions consisted of 82-87% of cycloalkanes, had non-detectable oxygen contents and lower heating values (LHV) above the jet fuel minimum limit of 42.8 MJ/kg. The SAF-range product also had acceptable volatility and freeze and flash points per aviation fuel specifications. The results suggest a promising pathway for SAF production via the catalytic fast pyrolysis pathway. Methods to enhance the yield of SAF will be discussed.

BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES,BIOMASS FUELS↗

DOE OSTI2023

Economic and Sustainability Assessment on Bio-Based 2,3-BDO Separation Approaches for Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production

Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) plays a critical role in aviation decarbonization. SAF can be derived from lignocellulosic biomass, such as corn stover, via 2,3-butanediol (BDO) intermediate. BDO undergoes downstream upgrading, including dehydration, oligomerization, and hydrotreating, to make the hydrocarbon blend stock like SAF. Separating BDO from a fermentation broth is challenging. Water is more volatile than BDO, so energy consumption for ordinary distillation is prohibitively high. For BDO to be a feasible intermediate for sustainable biofuels such as SAF, the total energy usage for the BDO separation target was set to be no greater than 30% of its lower heating value (LHV). We have developed and explored less energy intensive separation technologies for processing dilute fermentation BDO broth into suitable feed for downstream upgrading. The combined economic and sustainability assessment was performed to assess the feasibility of select cost-effective process designs and comparisons with baseline technology (i.e., cascade vacuum distillation).

BIOMASS FUELS↗

DOE OSTI2025

High Power Density, Carbon Neutral Electrical Power Generation for Air Vehicles

The synergistic integration of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Combustor (SOFC-C) with a turbogenerator (TG) will provide a very high fuel-to-electricity conversion efficiency while maintaining high power-to-weight ratio during high-altitude flight. The proposed SOFC-C-TG power generation technology exceeds the REEACH technical performance targets (TPT). This unique concept addresses many of the challenges faced in all electric propulsion-based aviation. The system has high part-load efficiency (more than 65% lower heating value (LHV)) during long cruise times, load following capability, high-power capacity at high altitudes adapting to low temperatures and pressures, rapid startup time of less than 30 minutes (proven with current SOFC technology), high power density (more than 3.2 kW/kg), efficient thermal management, and a foundation for a compact, efficient electrical storage and power generation system (ESPG). The SOFC-C concept achieves the technology targets by reducing the complexity of traditional fuel cell-gas turbine hybrid systems (FC-GT). The SOFC-C does not require heat exchangers and dramatically reduces the balance of plant increasing power density and performance in efficiency. The reduction in mass through elimination of heat exchangers, external reformer, and other components dramatically decreases the overall thermal dampening of the system which enables rapid startup and load following capability. Direct control of the cathode inlet temperature of the SOFC-C enables rapid warm-up of the SOFC tubes with the ability to reach operating temperature and full power in less than 30 minutes.

03 NATURAL GAS↗

DOE OSTI2024

A compendium of multi-omics data illuminating host responses to lethal human virus infections

Human infections caused by viral pathogens trigger a complex gamut of host responses that limit disease, resolve infection, generate immunity, and contribute to severe disease or death. Here, we present experimental methods and multi-omics data capture approaches representing the global host response to infection generated from 45 individual experiments involving human viruses from the Orthomyxoviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviviridae, and Coronaviridae families. Analogous experimental designs were implemented across human or mouse host model systems, longitudinal samples were collected over defined time courses, and global multi-omics data (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics) were acquired by microarray, RNA sequencing, or mass spectrometry analyses. For comparison, we have included transcriptomics datasets from cells treated with type I and type II human interferon. Raw multi-omics data and metadata were deposited in public repositories, and we provide a central location linking the raw data with experimental metadata and ready-to-use, quality-controlled, statistically processed multi-omics datasets not previously available in any public repository. This compendium of infection-induced host response data for reuse will be useful for those endeavouring to understand viral disease pathophysiology and network biology.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2020