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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Search for meteoritic GEMS II: Comparison of inclusions in amorphous silicates from the Paris chondrite and from anhydrous chondritic interplanetary dust particles

Amorphous silicates containing abundant nano-inclusions have been reported in the Paris CM chondrite (Leroux et al., 2015). They have chemical and morphological similarities to glass with embedded metal and sulfides (GEMS) found in interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and micrometeorites believed to originate from comets. We used scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and nanodiffraction to study the chemistry and mineralogy of these inclusions in order to understand the origin of the GEMS-like material in Paris and its possible relationships to other materials found in primitive chondritic materials including IDP GEMS. EDS and diffraction analyses indicate compositional and mineralogical differences between the nanophase inclusions in cometary GEMS and Paris GEMS-like material. Metal inclusions are notably absent within Paris amorphous silicate. Ni-rich sulfides, including pentlandite, are common in even the least altered matrix material of Paris, while they are absent in GEMS-bearing IDPs and Ultracarbonaceous Antarctic Micrometeorites (UCAMMs). From examination of the inclusions, we cannot yet confirm or refute the possibility that GEMS-like material in Paris is related to cometary GEMS. The distinct compositions and mineralogy of the Paris material may be due to aqueous alteration of cometary GEMS precursors, but they may also denote an independent origin for meteoritic GEMS-like assemblages.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Optimizing $\mathrm{ACRT}$ to reduce inclusion formation during the $\mathrm{VGF}$ growth of cadmium zinc telluride: II. Application to experiments

Here two different accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT) rotation schedules are assessed, via theoretical computations and growth experiments, according to their ability to reduce tellurium-rich inclusions during the vertical gradient freeze (VGF) of cadmium zinc telluride (CZT). A vigorous rotation schedule based on classical ACRT guidelines produces a well-mixed melt that is expected to reduce tellurium inclusions compared to growth without crucible rotation. In contrast, a new ACRT schedule, derived from model-based optimization for interface stability, employs slower rotation with longer periods and is predicted to further reduce inclusions. Growth experiments corroborate these expectations. Namely, both ACRT schedules result in crystals with inclusion size and volume significantly decreased from levels found in material grown with no rotation, and material grown using the computationally optimized ACRT parameters exhibits a median inclusion size that is smaller and with a sharper distribution than in material grown via classical ACRT.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Disk transport rates from Ti isotopic signatures of refractory inclusions

Abstract The early solar system was a dynamic period during which the formation of early solids set into motion the process of planet building. Although both astrophysical observations and theoretical modeling demonstrate the presence of widespread transport of material, we lack concrete quantitative constraints on timings, distances, and mechanisms thereof. To trace these transport processes, one needs objects of known early formation times and these objects would need to be distributed throughout parent bodies with known accretion times and distances. Generally, these criteria are met by “regular” (i.e., non–fractionated and unidentified nuclear and excluding hibonite‐rich) Ca‐Al‐rich inclusions (CAIs) as these objects formed very early and close to the young Sun and contain distinctive nucleosynthetic isotope anomalies that permit provenance tracing. However, nucleosynthetic isotopic signatures of such refractory inclusions have so far primarily been analyzed in chondritic meteorites that formed within ~4 AU from the Sun. Here, we investigate Ti isotopic signatures of four refractory inclusions from the ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite WIS 91600 that was previously suggested to have formed beyond ~10 AU from the Sun. We show that these inclusions exhibit correlated excesses in 50 Ti and 46 Ti and lack large Ti isotopic anomalies that would otherwise be indicative of more enigmatic refractory materials with unknown formation ages. Instead, these isotope systematics suggest the inclusions to be genetically related to regular CAIs commonly found in other chondrites that have a broadly known formation region and age. Collectively, this implies that a common population of CAIs was distributed over the inner ~10 AU within ~3.5 Myr, yielding an average (minimum) speed for the transport of millimeter‐scale material in the early solar system of ~1 cm s −1 .

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

A genetic metasomatic link between eclogitic and peridotitic diamond inclusions

Diamond inclusions sample the otherwise inaccessible archive of Earth’s deep interior. The geochemical and petrological diversity of diamond inclusions reflects either pre-metasomatic upper mantle heterogeneity or metasomatism coeval with diamond formation. We focus on the origin of lithospheric garnet and clinopyroxene inclusions by simulating metasomatic reactions between eclogitic fluids and mantle peridotites at 5 GPa, 1000 °C, and across a range of redox conditions (logƒO 2 = -1 to -6 ΔFMQ). Our results demonstrate that fluid-rock interaction can result in the formation of eclogitic, websteritic, and peridotitic silicates from a single fluid during a single diamond-forming metasomatic event. Ergo, the petrogenesis of diamond and their inclusions can be syngenetic, and the petrological diversity of diamond inclusions can reflect metasomatism coeval with diamond formation. Furthermore, during the metasomatism, refractory peridotite can be converted to fertile websterite which could become a pyroxenitic mantle source for oceanic basalts.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

ReclaimingSTEM: A healing-centered counterspace model for inclusive science communication and policy training

The dominant U.S. cultural norms shape science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), and in turn, these norms shape science communication, further perpetuating oppressive systems. Despite being a core scientific skill, science communication research and practice lack inclusive training spaces that center marginalized identities. We address this need with a healing-centered counterspace grounded in the key principles of inclusive science communication: ReclaimingSTEM. ReclaimingSTEM is a science communication and science policy training space that centers the experiences, needs, and wants of people from marginalized communities. ReclaimingSTEM problematizes and expands the definitions of “what counts” as science communication. We organize ReclaimingSTEM with intentionality, emphasizing inclusion at every part of the process. Since initiating in 2018, five ReclaimingSTEM workshops have been held in multiple locations, both in-person and virtually, reaching more than 700 participants from all over the globe. In this paper, we share our model for ReclaimingSTEM, reflections of workshop participants and speakers, barriers faced during organizing, and recommendations for creating truly inclusive practices in science communication spaces.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Stressful crystal histories recorded around melt inclusions in volcanic quartz

Abstract Magma ascent and eruption are driven by a set of internally and externally generated stresses that act upon the magma. We present microstructural maps around melt inclusions in quartz crystals from six large rhyolitic eruptions using synchrotron Laue X-ray microdiffraction to quantify elastic residual strain and stress. We measure plastic strain using average diffraction peak width and lattice misorientation, highlighting dislocations and subgrain boundaries. Quartz crystals across studied magma systems preserve similar and relatively small magnitudes of elastic residual stress (mean 53–135 MPa, median 46–116 MPa) in comparison to the strength of quartz (~ 10 GPa). However, the distribution of strain in the lattice around inclusions varies between samples. We hypothesize that dislocation and twin systems may be established during compaction of crystal-rich magma, which affects the magnitude and distribution of preserved elastic strains. Given the lack of stress-free haloes around faceted inclusions, we conclude that most residual strain and stress was imparted after inclusion faceting. Fragmentation may be one of the final strain events that superimposes stresses of ~ 100 MPa across all studied crystals. Overall, volcanic quartz crystals preserve complex, overprinted deformation textures indicating that quartz crystals have prolonged deformation histories throughout storage, fragmentation, and eruption.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Measurement of the inclusive cross sections for W and Z boson production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{\textrm{s}}$ = 5.02 and 13 TeV

Measurements of fiducial and total inclusive cross sections for W and Z boson production are presented in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 5.02 and 13 TeV. Electron and muon decay modes (ℓ = e or μ) are studied in the data collected with the CMS detector in 2017, in dedicated runs with reduced instantaneous luminosity. The data sets correspond to integrated luminosities of 298 ± 6 pb$^{−1}$ at 5.02 TeV and 206 ± 5 pb$^{−1}$ at 13 TeV. Measured values of the products of the total inclusive cross sections and the branching fractions at 5.02 TeV are σ(pp → W + X)$ \mathcal{B} $(W → ℓν) = 7300 ± 10 (stat) ± 60 (syst) ± 140 (lumi) pb, and σ(pp → Z+X)$ \mathcal{B} $(Z → ℓ$^{+}$ℓ$^{−}$) = 669 ± 2 (stat) ± 6 (syst) ± 13 (lumi) pb for the dilepton invariant mass in the range of 60–120 GeV. The corresponding results at 13 TeV are 20480 ± 10 (stat) ± 170 (syst) ± 470 (lumi) pb and 1952 ± 4 (stat) ± 18 (syst) ± 45 (lumi) pb. The measured values agree with cross section calculations at next-to-next-to-leading-order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics. Fiducial and total inclusive cross sections, ratios of cross sections of W$^{+}$ and W$^{−}$ production as well as inclusive W and Z boson production, and ratios of these measurements at 5.02 and 13 TeV are reported.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Inclusive, prompt and non-prompt J/ψ production at midrapidity in p-Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $ = 5.02 TeV

A measurement of inclusive, prompt, and non-prompt J/ψ production in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy √ s NN = 5.02 TeV is presented. The inclusive J/ψ mesons are reconstructed in the dielectron decay channel at midrapidity down to a transverse momentum p T = o. The inclusive J/ψ nuclear modification factor R pPb is calculated by comparing the new results in p-Pb collisions to a recently measured proton-proton reference at the same centre-of-mass energy. Non-prompt J/ψ mesons, which originate from the decay of beauty hadrons, are separated from promptly produced J/ψ on a statistical basis for p T larger than 1.0 GeV/c. These results are based on the data sample collected by the ALICE detector during the 2016 LHC p-Pb run, corresponding to an integrated luminosity L int = 292 ± 11 μb –1 , which is six times larger than the previous publications. The total uncertainty on the p T -integrated inclusive J/ψ and non-prompt J/ψ cross section are reduced by a factor 1.7 and 2.2, respectively. The measured cross sections and R pPb are compared with theoretical models that include various combinations of cold nuclear matter effects. From the non-prompt J/ψ production cross section, the bb¯ production cross section at midrapidity, dσ bb¯ /dy, and the total cross section extrapolated over full phase space, σ bb¯ , are derived.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering on a polarized spin-1 target. I. Cross section and spin observables

We develop the theoretical framework for semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering on a polarized spin-1 target and apply it to scattering on the polarized deuteron with spectator nucleon tagging. In Part I (this article) we present the general form of the semi-inclusive cross section and polarization observables for the spin-1 target. A relativistically covariant formulation in terms of four-vectors and invariant polarization parameters is employed. The target polarization is described by a spin density matrix with vector and tensor polarization. The spin and azimuthal angle dependence of the semi-inclusive cross section is derived and parametrized in terms of invariant structure functions. To validate the result, the structure functions are expressed as photon-target helicity amplitudes with known symmetry properties. The expressions presented here are kinematic (no assumptions about particle production dynamics) and valid in all regions of the deep-inelastic final state (current and target fragmentation regions). In Part II (following article), we consider deep-inelastic scattering on the polarized deuteron with spectator nucleon tagging as a special case of target fragmentation. The semi-inclusive structure functions are computed by separating nuclear and hadronic structure, and the polarization observables are explored as functions of the tagged nucleon momentum.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Impact of LHC precision measurements of inclusive jet and dijet production on the CTEQ-TEA global PDF fit

In this study, we investigate the impact of new Large Hadron Collider (LHC) inclusive jet and dijet measurements on parton distribution functions (PDFs) that describe the proton structure, with a particular focus on the gluon distribution at large momentum fraction, x , and the corresponding partonic luminosities. We assess constraints from these datasets using next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) theoretical predictions, accounting for a range of uncertainties from scale dependence and numerical integration. From the scale choices available for the calculations, our analysis shows that the central predictions for inclusive jet production show a smaller scale dependence than dijet production. We examine the relative constraints on the gluon distribution provided by the inclusive jet and dijet distributions, and also explore the phenomenological implications for inclusive H , t t ¯ , and t t ¯ H production at the LHC at 14 TeV. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Ablat, Alim (ORCID:0009000519877755)↗
DOE OSTI2023

Complete lowest order radiative corrections in semi-inclusive scattering of polarized particles

For this work, the lowest order radiative corrections to the cross section and asymmetries measured in experiments on semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering of polarized particles were calculated. Both exact and leading log expressions were presented and discussed for the total correction that include the contributions from the processes of i) real photon emission with semi-inclusive processes, ii) loop diagrams, and iii) real photon emission with exclusive processes. Radiative corrections to the Sivers and Collins asymmetries in $\pi^+$ electroproduction were studied numerically within the kinematical conditions of modern experimental environments at Jefferson Laboratory (JLab). The Wandzura-Wilczek approximation for the semi-inclusive structure functions and MAID2007 parameterization for the six amplitudes of exclusive processes were used in numeric analyses. The results show that i) radiative effects can generate a correction comparable to the size of Sivers and Collins asymmetries at the Born level, ii) there is good agreement between the exact and leading-order corrections, iii) external functions (that is, other than the Sivers and Collins functions in the respective asymmetries) can generate a contribution to the radiative correction up to 20%, and iv) there exists a strong dependence of the radiative correction on the models for semi-inclusive and exclusive structure functions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Inclusive photon production at forward rapidities in pp and p–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{{s}}_{\textrm{NN}}}={5.02}$ TeV

A study of multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of inclusive photons measured in pp and p–Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon collision of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV using the ALICE detector in the forward pseudorapidity region 2.3 < η lab < 3.9 is presented. Measurements in p–Pb collisions are reported for two beam configurations in which the directions of the proton and lead ion beam were reversed. The pseudorapidity distributions in p–Pb collisions are obtained for seven centrality classes which are defined based on different event activity estimators, i.e., the charged-particle multiplicity measured at midrapidity as well as the energy deposited in a calorimeter at beam rapidity. The inclusive photon multiplicity distributions for both pp and p–Pb collisions are described by double negative binomial distributions. The pseudorapidity distributions of inclusive photons are compared to those of charged particles at midrapidity in pp collisions and for different centrality classes in p–Pb collisions. The results are compared to predictions from various Monte Carlo event generators. None of the generators considered in this paper reproduces the inclusive photon multiplicity distributions in the reported multiplicity range. The pseudorapidity distributions are, however, better described by the same generators.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Pushing the limits: Resolving paleoseawater signatures in nanoscale fluid inclusions by atom probe tomography

New insight into the geochemistry of ancient environments can be gained through structural and chemical analyses of nanometer-scale features within minerals. Here, we present recent developments using atom probe tomography (APT) enabling direct visualization of nanoscale fluid inclusions trapped within pyrite (FeS 2 ) and thereby chemical characterization of remnant seawater. Pyrite framboids (spherical clusters of nanocrystals) were sampled from the Middle Devonian Leicester Pyrite Member (New York). Scanning transmission electron microscopy shows low density regions distributed within the pyrite consistent with nanoscale pores (<4 nm in size). APT 3D visualization and compositional mapping reveals that the nanopores are filled with water. The inclusions appear to preserve the elemental signature of the water column in which the framboids formed, specifically seawater components including Na, K, Mg, and Ca. Mg/Ca ratios within the pyrite were generally measured to be within 0.6±0.2 – consistent with calcite-dominated seawater conditions existing in the Middle Devonian. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the potential for a novel approach to reconstruct paleoenvironmental conditions from coupled elemental and structural analyses of nanoscale fluid inclusions.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Inclusion Complexes of a Metastable‐State Photoacid with High Acidity and Chemical Stability

Abstract Metastable‐state merocyanine photoacids (MCHs) have been widely applied to various chemical, material and biomedical areas to drive or control chemical processes with light. In this work, stoichiometry and association constants have been determined for inclusion complexes of a photoacid MCH1 ((E)‐3‐(2‐(2‐hydroxystyryl)‐3,3‐dimethyl‐3H‐indol‐1‐ium‐1‐yl)propane‐1‐sulfonate) withβ‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐CD (HP‐β‐CD),γ‐CD and HP‐γ‐CD by means of UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopic titrations. The inclusion complexes were studied to enhance acidity and chemical stability. Kinetic study showed that CDs stabilized the acidic metastable state and slowed its thermal relaxation. The acidity of the ground and metastable state (pK a GS and pK a MS ) increased upon addition of CDs. The pK a MS of [MCH1 ⋅ (γ‐CD) 2 ] is as low as 0.92 in comparison with 2.24 for MCH1, which is close to the lowest pK a MS values (1.20 and 1.03) reported previously, in which case the MCH1 was structurally modified with alkylammonium side chains. Addition of CDs also significantly enhanced the chemical stability of MCH1 against hydrolysis, which is one of the major concerns for the application of MCHs. In particular, the addition of HP‐β‐CD increased the half‐life of MCH1 in aqueous solution more than four‐fold. Moreover, the quantum chemical calculations confirmed the stoichiometry and analyzed the binding sites and hydrogen bonds of the inclusion complexes.

Chemistry↗
DOE OSTI2021

Inclusive prompt photon-jet correlations as a probe of gluon saturation in electron-nucleus scattering at small x

We compute the differential cross-section for inclusive prompt photon+quark production in deeply inelastic scattering of electrons off nuclei at small x (e + A DIS) in the framework of the Color Glass Condensate effective field theory. The result is expressed as a convolution of the leading order (in the strong coupling α s ) impact factor for the process and universal dipole matrix elements, in the limit of hard photon transverse momentum relative to the nuclear saturation scale Q s,A (x). We perform a numerical study of this process for the kinematics of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), exploring in particular the azimuthal angle correlations between the final state photon and quark. We observe a systematic suppression and broadening pattern of the back-to-back peak in the relative azimuthal angle distribution, as the saturation scale is increased by replacing proton targets with gold nuclei. Our results suggest that photon+jet final states in inclusive e + A DIS at high energies are in general a promising channel for exploring gluon saturation that is complementary to inclusive and diffractive dijet production. They also provide a sensitive empirical test of the universality of dipole matrix elements when compared to identical measurements in proton-nucleus collisions. However because photon+jet correlations at small x in EIC kinematics require jet reconstruction at small k ⊥ , it will be important to study their feasibility relative to photon-hadron correlations.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Measurement of inclusive charged-particle b-jet production in pp and p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV

A measurement of the inclusive b-jet production cross section is presented in pp and p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV, using data collected with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The jets were reconstructed in the central rapidity region |η| < 0.5 from charged particles using the anti-k T algorithm with resolution parameter R = 0.4. Identification of b jets exploits the long lifetime of b hadrons, using the properties of secondary vertices and impact parameter distributions. The p T -differential inclusive production cross section of b jets, as well as the corresponding inclusive b-jet fraction, are reported for pp and p-Pb collisions in the jet transverse momentum range 10 ≤ p T,ch jet ≤ 100 GeV/c, together with the nuclear modification factor, $R^{b-jet}_{pPb}$. The analysis thus extends the lower p T limit of b-jet measurements at the LHC. The nuclear modification factor is found to be consistent with unity, indicating that the production of b jets in p-Pb at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV is not affected by cold nuclear matter effects within the current precision. The measurements are well reproduced by POWHEG NLO pQCD calculations with PYTHIA fragmentation.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Inclusive and differential measurements of the $\textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}}\mathcal{γ}$ cross section and the $\textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}}\mathcal{γ}/\textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}}$ cross section ratio in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV

Inclusive and differential cross section measurements of top quark pair $(\textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}})$ production in association with a photon (γ) are performed as a function of lepton, photon, top quark, and $\textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}}$ kinematic observables, using data from proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1 , collected at the CERN LHC with the CMS detector. Events containing two leptons (electrons or muons) and a photon in the final state are considered. The fiducial cross section of $\textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}}$γ is measured to be 137 ± 8 fb, in a phase space including events with a high momentum, isolated photon. The fiducial cross section of $\textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}}$γ is also measured to be 56 ± 5 fb when considering only events where the photon is emitted in the production part of the process. Both measurements are in agreement with the theoretical predictions, of 126 ± 19 fb and 57 ± 5 fb, respectively. Differential measurements are performed at the particle and parton levels. Additionally, inclusive and differential ratios between the cross sections of $\textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}}$γ and $\textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}}$ production are measured. The inclusive ratio is found to be 0.0133 ± 0.0005, in agreement with the standard model prediction of 0.0127 ± 0.0008. The top quark charge asymmetry in $\textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}}$γ production is also measured to be −0.012 ± 0.042, compatible with both the standard model prediction and with no asymmetry.

Hadron-Hadron Scattering↗
DOE OSTI2024

Inclusive and differential cross section measurements of $ \textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}}\textrm{b}\overline{\textrm{b}} $ production in the lepton+jets channel at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 13 TeV

Measurements of inclusive and normalized differential cross sections of the associated production of top quark-antiquark and bottom quark-antiquark pairs, $ \textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}}\textrm{b}\overline{\textrm{b}} $, are presented. The results are based on data from proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS detector at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{−1}$. The cross sections are measured in the lepton+jets decay channel of the top quark pair, using events containing exactly one isolated electron or muon and at least five jets. Measurements are made in four fiducial phase space regions, targeting different aspects of the $ \textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}}\textrm{b}\overline{\textrm{b}} $ process. Distributions are unfolded to the particle level through maximum likelihood fits, and compared with predictions from several event generators. The inclusive cross section measurements of this process in the fiducial phase space regions are the most precise to date. In most cases, the measured inclusive cross sections exceed the predictions with the chosen generator settings. The only exception is when using a particular choice of dynamic renormalization scale, $ {\mu}_{\textrm{R}}=\frac{1}{2}{\prod}_{i=\textrm{t},\overline{\textrm{t}},\textrm{b},\overline{\textrm{b}}}{m}_{\textrm{T},i}^{1/4} $, where $ {m}_{\textrm{T},i}^2={m}_i^2+{p}_{\textrm{T},i}^2 $ are the transverse masses of top and bottom quarks. The differential cross sections show varying degrees of compatibility with the theoretical predictions, and none of the tested generators with the chosen settings simultaneously describe all the measured distributions.[graphic not available: see fulltext]

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗