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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2017

Climatological Study of the Short-Term Variation of the 0 C, -10 C, AND -20 C Altitude Levels Over the Florida Spaceport

For evaluation of the potential of cloud electrification, it is necessary to know the altitude of the 0, -10 and -20 degree Celsius levels. Cape Canaveral Air Force Station has recorded balloon launch data back to 1989. In support of rocket launches, often multiple balloons are launched within minutes of each other in the 4-6 hours leading up to launch. In the past, temperature data from sondes was typically available every hour or so through the launch countdown, allowing for frequent updates of these critical temperature thresholds. Recently, launch customers are relying on jimsphere and wind profiler data that do not have a thermodynamic component in the latter 4-6 hours of a countdown. This study compares the altitude differences of the 0, -10 and -20 degree Celsius levels from GPS-tracked consecutive balloon pairs not to exceed 6 hours apart. The analysis uses 3,198 soundings from 2001 to 2013. Approximately 20, 17, and 13 percent of the time the altitude of the temperature level in question (0, -10, -20 degrees C respectively), varies by more than 500 feet (operationally significant threshold) within 6 hours. This study analyzes the altitude variability as a function of several meteorological parameters, such as dew point depression and solar zenith angle. Additionally, the study concludes with impacts to launch operations.

altitude of 0 degree C temperature level↗
DOE OSTI2025

Search for η c ( 2 S ) → ω ω and ω ϕ and measurements of χ c J → ω ω and ω ϕ in ψ ( 2 S ) radiative processes

Using ( 2712 ± 14 ) × 10 6 ψ ( 2 S ) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we search for the decays η c ( 2 S ) → ω ω and η c ( 2 S ) → ω ϕ via the process ψ ( 2 S ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) . No statistically significant signals are observed. The upper limits of their product branching fractions at the 90% confidence level are determined to be B ( ψ ( 2 S ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) , η c ( 2 S ) → ω ω ) < 1.04 × 10 − 6 and B ( ψ ( 2 S ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) , η c ( 2 S ) → ω ϕ ) < 1.85 × 10 − 7 , respectively. We also update the branching fractions of χ c J → ω ω and χ c J → ω ϕ via the ψ ( 2 S ) → γ χ c J transition. Their branching fractions are determined to be B ( χ c 0 → ω ω ) = ( 10.66 ± 0.11 ± 0.57 ) × 10 − 4 , B ( χ c 1 → ω ω ) = ( 6.43 ± 0.07 ± 0.31 ) × 10 − 4 , B ( χ c 2 → ω ω ) = ( 8.75 ± 0.08 ± 0.42 ) × 10 − 4 , B ( χ c 0 → ω ϕ ) = ( 1.18 ± 0.03 ± 0.07 ) × 10 − 4 , B ( χ c 1 → ω ϕ ) = ( 2.04 ± 0.15 ± 0.11 ) × 10 − 5 , and B ( χ c 2 → ω ϕ ) = ( 9.58 ± 1.07 ± 0.76 ) × 10 − 6 , where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Ablikim, M.↗
NASA NTRS2020

Impacts of 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global warming above pre-industrial on potential winter wheat production of China

Keeping global temperatures below 2.0 °C above pre-industrial condition and pursuing efforts toward the more ambitious 1.5 °C goal in the late 21st century was the main target from the Paris Agreement in 2015. Here we assessed the likely challenges for the China’s winter wheat production under 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C increase of global temperature, with four wheat crop models (CERES-Wheat, Nwheat, WheatGrow, and APSIM-Wheat) and the latest climate projections from the Half a degree Additional warming, Prognosis and Projected Impacts project (HAPPI). Instead of using average “winter type” wheat cultivar, and same management and soil inputs for whole region, location-specific winter wheat cultivars with local agronomic information were calibrated for each of the representative wheat growing area of China, allowing a better spatial agronomic representation of the whole wheat planting area. The mean growing season temperature (GST) during the winter wheat vegetative stage was projected to increase by 0.6 to 1.4 °C for the 1.5 °C scenario, and 0.9 to 1.8 °C for the 2.0 °C scenario, while during the reproductive stage was decreased between 0 and 0.9 °C for the 1.5 °C scenario and -0.3 and 1.1 °C for the 2.0 °C scenario. Growing season duration (GSD) for the whole period was shortened by 6 to 15 days for the 1.5 °C scenario and 8 to 18 days for the 2.0 °C scenario, as a result of higher GST under global warming. Increase in GST and decrease in GSD was more obvious in the Southwest Subregion (SWS) than subregions in the north. The shortening GSD for the whole wheat growth period was mostly from the shortening vegetative period, as no appreciable difference in number of days from anthesis to maturity was found for the whole regions. Although there is variability among models, the indication is that wheat yields were projected to increase in the North Subregion (NS), the Huang-Huai Subregion (HHS), and the Middle-lower Researches of Yangzi River Subregion (MYS), but to decrease in the SWS under two warming scenarios. The effects of elevated CO2 concentration were mostly beneficial and tended to offset the negative impacts of increasing temperature at both global warming scenarios, with a rate of 7-14% yield increase per 100-ppm, except for locations with GST of baseline higher than 11 °C. Aggregating to regional wheat production, the total winter wheat production of China was projected to increase by 2.8% (1.6% to 3.0%, 25th percentile to 75th percentile) and 8.3% (7.0% to 9.6%, 25th percentile to 75th percentile) under 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C scenarios, and most of increase was observed in the north subregions due to the largest wheat planting area. Our results will lay the foundation for developing adaptation strategies to future climate change to ensure China and global wheat supply and food security.

Winter wheat↗
DOE OSTI2025

Enhanced Selectivity for C 2 H 4 Production from C 2 H 6 on Partially Chlorinated IrO 2 (110) Surfaces

Modifying metal oxide surfaces to limit their oxidizing activity can provide a means of improving catalytic selectivity toward the partial oxidation of light alkanes. Here, in this study, we investigated the oxidation of C 2 H 6 on Cl-modified IrO 2 (110) surfaces using temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS) and first-principles microkinetic modeling. We find that substituting Cl for O in the IrO 2 (110) surface enhances the selectivity for C 2 H 6 conversion to C 2 H 4 during TPRS by suppressing extensive oxidation to CO x products, while also either enhancing C 2 H 4 production or altering it to a lesser extent, depending on the initial C 2 H 6 coverage. The C 2 H 4 selectivity increased with increasing C 2 H 6 and Cl coverage, but reached a limiting value below 50%. The Cl coverage changed negligibly during C 2 H 6 oxidation, and the surface reactivity decreased only marginally for Cl coverages up to 0.5 ML (monolayer). TPRS simulations using a microkinetic model predict C 2 H 4 and CO x product yields as a function of the Cl coverage that agree closely with the experimental results. According to the simulations, C 2 H 6 conversion to C 2 H 4 occurs on Cl-IrO 2 (110) by the hydrogenation of C 2 H 3 * species adsorbed in blocked states, in which neighboring sites are occupied only by unreactive HO and Cl species. The microkinetic modeling shows that H-hopping away from surface HO groups provides a relatively efficient route for C 2 H 3 * to escape blocked configurations and dehydrogenate, and that this process can limit the C 2 H 4 selectivity on Cl-IrO 2 (110) under the conditions studied. Overall, our results demonstrate that Cl-substitution into IrO 2 (110) enhances the selectivity for C 2 H 4 production from C 2 H 6 and provides insights into the reaction mechanism that can guide strategies to further improve the C 2 H 4 selectivity.

IrO2↗
NASA NTRS2017

Climatological Study of the Short-Term Variation of the 0 C, -10 C, and -20 C Altitude Levels over the Florida Spaceport

For evaluation of the potential of cloud electrification, it is necessary to know the altitude of the 0, -10 and -20 degree Celsius levels. Cape Canaveral Air Force Station has recorded balloon launch data back to 1989. In support of rocket launches, often multiple balloons are launched within minutes of each other in the 4-6 hours leading up to launch. In the past, temperature data from sondes was typically available every hour or so through the launch countdown, allowing for frequent updates of these critical temperature thresholds. Recently, launch customers are relying on Jimsphere and wind profiler data that do not have a thermodynamic component in the latter 4-6 hours of a countdown. This study compares the altitude differences of the 0, -10 and -20 degree Celsius levels from consecutive balloon pairs not to exceed 6 hours apart. The analysis uses 9685 soundings from 1989 to 2013. Approximately 5 of the time the altitude of the temperature level in question (0, -10, -20 degrees C), varies by more than 500 feet (operationally significant threshold) within 6 hours. This study analyzes the altitude variability as a function of several meteorological parameters, such as change in sonde type, dew point depression, and solar zenith angle. Additionally, the study concludes with impacts to launch operations.

Huddleston, Lisa L.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Parathyroid hormone induces c-fos and c-jun messenger RNA in rat osteoblastic cells

PTH is a potent regulator of osteoblast gene expression, yet the nuclear events that mediate PTH action are poorly understood. We were interested in identifying immediate early genes which may regulate PTH-altered gene expression in the osteoblast. Therefore, we examined the effects of PTH on c-fos and c-jun gene expression in a rat osteoblastic cell line (UMR 106-01). Under control conditions, c-fos and c-jun mRNAs were present at low basal levels. After PTH treatment, c-fos mRNA abundance dramatically increased, with a maximal and transient response at 30 min. PTH also stimulated an increase in c-jun mRNA, but in a biphasic manner, with maximal levels at 30 min and 2 h. These responses were dose dependent, not altered by cotreatment with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, and preceded PTH-induced expression of matrix metallo-proteinase-1 mRNA. Nuclear run-on assays demonstrated an increased rate of c-fos and c-jun transcription after PTH exposure. To determine the signal transduction pathways involved, second messenger analogs were tested for their ability to mimic the effects of PTH. 8-Bromo-cAMP and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) caused increases in the abundance of c-fos and c-jun transcripts. Ionomycin had no effect on the expression of these genes. Pretreatment of the cells with PMA resulted in a decrease in basal c-jun expression, but did not alter the PTH-mediated increase in c-fos, c-jun, or matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNAs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS).

Non-NASA Center↗
DOE OSTI2024

Charm fragmentation fractions and $\mathbf {c\overline{c}}$ cross section in p–Pb collisions at $\mathbf {\sqrt{s _{NN}}=5.02 TeV}$

The total charm-quark production cross section per unit of rapidity dσ($\mathbf {c\overline{c}}$)/dy, and the fragmentation fractions of charm quarks to different charm-hadron species f(c → h c ), are measured for the first time in p–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV at midrapidity (–0.96 < y < 0.04 in the centre-of-mass frame) using data collected by ALICE at the CERN LHC. The results are obtained based on all the available measurements of prompt production of ground-state charm-hadron species: D 0 , D + , D$^{+}_{s}$, and J/ψ mesons, and Λ$^{+}_{c}$ and $Ξ$$^{0}_{c}$ baryons. The resulting cross section is dσ($\mathbf {c\overline{c}}$)/dy = 219.6 ± 6.3 (stat.) $^{+10.5}_{–11.8}$ (syst.) $^{+8.3}_{–2.9}$ (extr.) ± 5.4 (BR) ± 4.6 (lumi.) ± 19.5 (rapidity shape) + 15.0 (Ω$^{0}_{c}$) mb, which is consistent with a binary scaling of pQCD calculations from pp collisions. The measured fragmentation fractions are compatible with those measured in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 and 13 TeV, showing an increase in the relative production rates of charm baryons with respect to charm mesons in pp and p–Pb collisions compared with e + e – and e – p collisions. The p T -integrated nuclear modification factor of charm quarks, R pPb ($\mathbf {c\overline{c}}$) = 0.91 ± 0.04 (stat.) $^{+0.08}_{–0.09}$ (syst.) $^{+0.05}_{–0.03}$ (extr.) ± 0.03 (lumi.), is found to be consistent with unity and with theoretical predictions including nuclear modifications of the parton distribution functions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS2002

Physical interaction of the activator protein-1 factors c-Fos and c-Jun with Cbfa1 for collagenase-3 promoter activation

Previously, we determined that the activator protein-1 (AP-1)-binding site and the runt domain (RD)-binding site and their binding proteins, c-Fos.c-Jun and Cbfa, regulate the collagenase-3 promoter in parathyroid hormone-treated and differentiating osteoblasts. Here we show that Cbfa1 and c-Fos.c-Jun appear to cooperatively bind the RD- and AP-1-binding sites and form ternary structures in vitro. Both in vitro and in vivo co-immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid studies further demonstrate interaction between Cbfa1 with c-Fos and c-Jun in the absence of phosphorylation and without binding to DNA. Additionally, only the runt domain of Cbfa1 was required for interaction with c-Jun and c-Fos. In mammalian cells, overexpression of Cbfa1 enhanced c-Jun activation of AP-1-binding site promoter activity, demonstrating functional interaction. Finally, insertion of base pairs that disrupted the helical phasing between the AP-1- and RD-binding sites also inhibited collagenase-3 promoter activation. Thus, we provide direct evidence that Cbfa1 and c-Fos.c-Jun physically interact and cooperatively bind the AP-1- and RD-binding sites in the collagenase-3 promoter. Moreover, the AP-1- and RD-binding sites appear to be organized in a specific required helical arrangement that facilitates transcription factor interaction and enables promoter activation.

Non-NASA Center↗
NASA NTRS1991

The optical depth of the 158 micrometer (C-12 II) line: Detection of the F=1 yields 0 (C-13 III) hyperfine-structure component

The first detection of the F = 1 yields 0 hyperfine component of the 158 micrometer (C-13 II) fine structure line in the interstellar medium is reported. A twelve point intensity map was obtained of the (C-13 II) distribution over the inner 190 inch (right ascension) by 190 inch (declination) regions of the Orion nebula using an imaging Fabry-Perot interferometer. The (C-12 II)/(C-13 II) line intensity ratio varied significantly over the region mapped. It is highest (86 plus or minus 9) in the core of the Orion H II region and significantly lower (62 plus or minus 7) in the outer regions of the map, reflecting higher optical depth in the (C-12 II) line here. It is suggested that this enhanced optical depth is the result of limb brightening of the optically thin (C-13 II) line at the edges of the bowl-shaped H II region blister. If the C-12/C-13 abundance ratio is 43, the (C-12 II) line in the inner regions of the Orion nebula, has a low optical depth: tau sub 12 approximately = 0.75 plus or minus 0.25. The optical depth together with the large brightness temperature of the (C-12 II) line (approximately 160 K) requires that the excitation temperature of the P-2 sub 3/2 level be approximately 310 K, in very good agreement with the previous analysis of the physical conditions of the Orion interface region based on fine structure line intensity ratios and photodissociation region models. If the C-12/C-13 abundance ratio is 67, the line optical depth is somewhat larger (tau sub 12 approximately = 1.85), and the transition excitation temperature is somewhat smaller (approximately 190 K) than that predicted by these models. The present results therefore support values approximately = 43 for the C-12/C-13 abundance ratio in the Orion nebula.

Stacey, G. J.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Search for η c ( 2 S ) → p p ¯ K + K − and measurement of χ c J → p p ¯ K + K − in ψ ( 3686 ) radiative decays

A search for η c ( 2 S ) → p p ¯ K + K − , together with measurement of branching fractions of χ c J ( J = 0 , 1 , 2 ) → p p ¯ K + K − in the ψ ( 3686 ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) and the ψ ( 3686 ) → γ χ c J radiative decays, is performed with ( 2712.4 ± 14.3 ) × 10 6 ψ ( 3686 ) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. An evidence for η c ( 2 S ) → p p ¯ K + K − is found, with a significance of 3.3 σ . The product branching fraction of B [ ψ ( 3686 ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) ] · B [ η c ( 2 S ) → p p ¯ K + K − ] is determined to be ( 1.98 ± 0.4 1 stat ± 0.9 9 syst ) × 10 − 7 . The product branching fractions of B [ ψ ( 3686 ) → γ χ c J ] · B [ χ c J → p p ¯ K + K − ] are measured to be ( 2.49 ± 0.0 3 stat ± 0.1 5 syst ) × 10 − 5 , ( 1.83 ± 0.0 2 stat ± 0.1 1 syst ) × 10 − 5 , and ( 2.43 ± 0.0 2 stat ± 0.1 5 syst ) × 10 − 5 , for J = 0 , 1, and 2, respectively. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Ablikim, M.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Observation of η c ( 1 S , 2 S ) and χ c J decays to 2 ( π + π − ) η via ψ ( 3686 ) radiative transitions

Based on ( 2712.4 ± 14.1 ) × 10 6 ψ ( 3686 ) decays collected with the BESIII detector, we have observed, for the first time, the hadronic decays of S- and P-wave charmonium states into 2 ( π + π − ) η via radiative transitions from ψ ( 3686 ) . The branching fraction of the decay η c ( 1 S ) → 2 ( π + π − ) η has a significant dependence on the interference pattern between η c ( 1 S ) and non- η c ( 1 S ) processes. We measure it in both the destructive and constructive interference scenarios for the first time. The mass and width of the η c ( 1 S ) are measured to be M = ( 2984.14 ± 0.13 ± 0.38 ) MeV / c 2 and Γ = ( 28.82 ± 0.11 ± 0.82 ) MeV , respectively. Clear signals for the decays of the χ c J ( J = 0 , 1 , 2 ) and the η c ( 2 S ) to 2 ( π + π − ) η are also observed for the first time, and the corresponding branching fractions are measured. The ratio of the branching fractions between the η c ( 2 S ) and η c ( 1 S ) decays is significantly lower than the theoretical prediction, which might suggest different dynamics in their decays. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Ablikim, M.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Multiplicity dependence of ${\Xi }_{\text{c}}^{+}$ and ${\Xi }_{\text{c}}^{0}$ production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV

The first measurement at midrapidity (|y| < 0.5) of the production yield of the strange-charm baryons $Ξ$$^{+}_{c}$ and $Ξ$$^{0}_{c}$ as a function of transverse momentum (p T ) in different charged-particle multiplicity classes in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC is reported. The $Ξ$$^{+}_{c}$ baryon is reconstructed via the $Ξ$$^{+}_{c}$ → $Ξ$ – π + π + decay channel in the range 4 < p T < 12 GeV/c, while the $Ξ$$^{0}_{c}$ baryon is reconstructed via both the $Ξ$$^{0}_{c}$ → $Ξ$ – π + and $Ξ$$^{0}_{c}$ → $Ξ$ – e + ν e decay channels in the range 2 < p T < 12 GeV/c. The baryon-to-meson ($Ξ$$^{0}_{c}$ + /D 0 ) and the baryon-to-baryon ($Ξ$$^{0}_{c}$ + /Λ$^{+}_{c}$) production yield ratios show no significant dependence on multiplicity. In addition, the observed yield ratios are not described by theoretical predictions that model charm-quark fragmentation based on measurements at e + e − and e − p colliders, indicating differences in the charm-baryon production mechanism in pp collisions. A comparison with different event generators and tunings, including different modelling of the hadronisation process, is also discussed.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Light-Promoted C(sp 3 )–C(sp 3 ) Reductive Elimination from Dialkyl NiII Complexes

Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling is a powerful strategy to forge C(sp 3 )–C(sp 3 ) bonds. Typically, to do so requires overcoming a challenging C–C bond-forming reductive elimination, often enabled by the intermediacy of highly oxidized Ni species or outer-sphere processes. While direct C(sp 3 )–C(sp 3 ) reductive elimination from the Ni II base oxidation state is normally thermally inaccessible, light-activation provides an avenue to affect such transformations. Here, we investigate the mechanism of light-induced C(sp 3 )–C(sp 3 ) bond formation from dialkyl bipyridine Ni II complexes through a variety of organometallic, spectroscopic, and computational studies. Wavelength-dependent quantum yields, ligand electronics–reactivity relationships, excited-state lifetimes, computed barriers, and product distributions from crossover studies support a photolysis/radical rebound mechanism. Furthermore, this reactivity paradigm complements existing strategies in the literature to promote reductive elimination from Ni II , such as the use of destabilizing, sterically hindered ligands and reduction of electron density at Ni through the binding of electron-deficient olefins. Hence, we envision that light-induced reductive elimination may enable the development of challenging C(sp 3 )–C(sp 3 ) couplings.

Alkyls↗
NASA NTRS1993

Determination of (C-12)/(C-13) in the interstellar medium toward Zeta Ophiuchi and Xi Persei

The Lick Observatory Reticon (LOR) data presented in Hawkins et al. (1985) are reanalyzed in order to determine the cause of the significant discrepancy in (C-12)/(C-13) isotope ratios determined on the basis of observations of this isotope in the interstellar medium toward Zeta Ophiuchi and Xi Persei. A new set of Lick Observatory observations toward Zeta Oph are obtained using a CCD detector. The KPNO coude feed echelle spectrograph and a CCD detector are used to carry out high-resolution, high SNR ratio observations toward Zeta Oph and Xi Per. The LOR results for Zeta Oph are uncertain, ranging to 40 to 60, owing to the error in continuum placement. The KPNO results toward Zeta Oph are (C-12)H/(C-13)H(+)(0, 0) = 63 +/- 8, (C-12)H(+)/(C-13)H(+)(1, 0) = 67 +/- 19, and (C-12)N/(C-13)N = 100 + 88/- 33. Toward Xi Per, the KPNO measurements yield (C-12)H(+)/(C-13)H(+) = 49 +/- 15 from the 4232-A band, and a lower limit of 45 from the 3957-A observations.

Hawkins, Isabel↗
DOE OSTI2025

Observation of the Charmonium Decay η c → γ γ in J / ψ → γ η c

Using ( 2712.4 ± 14.3 ) × 10 6 ψ ( 3686 ) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, the decay η c → γ γ in J / ψ → γ η c is observed. We determine the product branching fraction B ( J / ψ → γ η c ) × B ( η c → γ γ ) = ( 5.23 ± 0.2 6 stat ± 0.3 0 syst ) × 10 − 6 . This result is consistent with the lattice QCD calculation ( 5.34 ± 0.16 ) × 10 − 6 from HPQCD in 2023. By using the world-average values of B ( J / ψ → γ η c ) and the total decay width of η c , the partial decay width Γ ( η c → γ γ ) is determined to be ( 11.30 ± 0.5 6 stat ± 0.6 6 syst ± 1.1 4 ref ) keV , which deviates from the corresponding world-average value by 3.4 σ . Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Ablikim, M.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Comparison of reflectance spectra of C asteroids and unique C chondrites Y86720, Y82162, and B7904

Reflectance spectra (0.3-2.6 microns) of 11 carbonaceous (C) chondrite powders (less than 100 or less than 125 microns) including 'unique' ones Y86720, Y82162, and B7904, have been measured and compared with those of 14 C asteroids. Among those C chondrites, only three 'unique' ones had close counterparts among C asteroids (Y86720 and 1 Ceres, Y82162 and 704 Interamnia, and B7904 and 31 Euphrosyne). Mixing calculations of those C chondrites by Hapke's isotropic model were also performed to improve fits of reflectance spectra of all the 14 C asteroids. If the grain-size distributions of those asteroid surfaces are similar to those C chondrite powders, the result suggests that all tested C asteroids contain a high amount of heated C chondrite material, such as Y86720, Y82162, and B7904.

Hiroi, T.↗