Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “GLOBE”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1991

GLObal Backscatter Experiment (GLOBE) Pacific survey mission

NASA conducted the GLObal Backscatter Experiment (GLOBE) Survey Mission over the near coastal and remote Pacific Ocean during 6 to 30 Nov. 1989 (GLOBE 1) and 13 May to 5 Jun. 1990 (GLOBE 2). These missions studied the optical, physical, and chemical properties of atmospheric aerosols. Particular emphasis was given to the magnitude and spatial variability of aerosol backscatter coefficients at mid-infrared wavelengths, and to the remote middle and upper troposphere, where these aerosol properties are poorly understood. Survey instruments were selected to provide either direct beta measurements at the key wavelengths, empirical links with long term or global scale aerosol climatologies, or aerosol microphysics data required to model any of these quantities. The survey deployment included both long distance 6 to 8 hour transit flights and detailed 4 to 6 hour local flights. Several general features were observed from preliminary Survey data analyses. Validation and intercomparison results have shown good agreement, usually better than a factor of two. Atmospheric aerosols frequently exhibited a three layer vertical structure, with (1) high and fairly uniform backscatter in the shallow cloud capped marine boundary layer; (2) moderate and highly variable backscatter in a deeper overlaying cloud pumped layer; and (3) low, regionally uniform, but seasonally and latitudinally variable backscatter in the middle and upper troposphere. The survey missions represent two isolated snapshots of a small portion of the global aerosol system. Consequently, Survey results can best be understood by synthesizing them with the more comprehensive GLOBE data base, which is being compiled at NASA-Marshall.

Bowdle, David A.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Building the Capacity of HBCU's for Establishing Effective Globe Partnerships

The special GLOBE train-the-trainer (TTT) workshop entitled "Building the Capacity of HBCUs For Establishing Effective GLOBE Partnerships" was help for the purpose of expanding GLOBE training capacity on the campuses of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and community colleges (CCs). The workshop was held March 17-22, 2002 in Washington, D.C. at Howard University. It was designed to establish research and instructional collaboration between and among U.S. universities (HBCUs and CCs) and African countries. Representatives from 13 HBCUs, and two community colleges were represented among trainees, so were representatives from eight African countries who were financially supported by other sources. A total of 38 trainees increased their knowledge of GLOBE protocols through five days of rigorous classroom instruction, field experiences, cultural events, and computer lab sessions.

Bagayoko, Diola↗
NASA NTRS2008

Surface Ozone Measured at GLOBE Schools in the Czech Republic: A Demonstration of the Importance of Student Contribution to the Larger Science Picture

GLOBE (Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment) is a worldwide hands-on, primary and secondary school-based education and science program, developed to give students a chance to perform real science by making measurements, analyzing data, and participating in research in collaboration with scientists. As part of the GLOBE Surface Ozone Protocol and with the assistance of the TEREZA Association in the Czech Republic, schools in the Czech Republic have been making and reporting daily measurements of surface ozone and surface meteorological data since 2001. Using a hand-held ozone monitor developed for GLOBE, students at several Czech schools have generated multiyear data records of surface ozone from 2001 to 2005. Analysis of the data shows surface ozone levels were anomalously high during the summer of 2003 relative to other summers. These findings are consistent with measurements by the European Environment Agency that highlights the summer of 2003 as having exceptionally long-lasting and spatially extensive episodes of high surface ozone, especially during the first half of August. Further analysis of the summer s prevailing meteorology shows not only that it was one of the hottest on record, a finding also seen in the student data, but the conditions for production of ozone were ideal. Findings such as these increase student, teacher, and scientist confidence in the utility of the GLOBE data for engaging budding scientists in the collection, analysis, and eventual interpretation of the data for inquiry-based education.

Pippin, Margaret R.↗
NASA NTRS2021

GLOBE Observer and the GO on a Trail Data Challenge: A Citizen Science Approach to Generating a Global Land Cover Land Use Reference Dataset

Land cover and land use are highly visible indicators of climate change and human disruption to natural processes. While land cover is frequently monitored over a large area using satellite data, ground-based reference data is valuable as a comparison point. The NASA-funded GLOBE Observer (GO) program provides volunteer-collected land cover photos tagged with location, date and time, and, in some cases, land cover type. When making a full land cover observation, volunteers take six photos of the site, one facing north, south, east, and west (N-S-E-W) respectively, one pointing straight up to capture canopy and sky, and one pointing down to document ground cover. Together, the photos document a 100 meter square of land. Volunteers may then optionally tag each N-S-E-W photo with the land cover types present. Volunteers collect the data through a smartphone app, also called GLOBE Observer, resulting in consistent data. While land cover data collected through GLOBE Observer is ongoing, this paper presents the results of a data challenge held between June 1 and October 15, 2019. Called “GO on a Trail,” the challenge focused on collecting land cover observations at designated points along the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail (LCNHT), which transects approximately 7,900 kilometers of the United States from east to west. The challenge also included an international component in which participants were recognized for the most data collected during the period. The challenge resulted in more than 2800 land cover data points from around the world with just over 900 land cover data points along the LCNHT. The data collected along the LCNHT is largely within a 1,000 meter corridor along the historic route. Internationally, the challenge had strong participation in Australia, where a Scouts Australia team-based competition was conducted in conjunction with GO on a Trail. GLOBE Observer collections can serve as reference data, ground truthing satellite imagery for the improvement and verification of broad land cover maps. Continued collection using this protocol will build a database documenting climate-related land cover and land use change into the future.

land cover↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA GLOBE CLOUD GAZE: Creating Data Quality Flags for Citizen Science Cloud Observations Matched to NASA Satellite Data

The GLOBE Program, NASA’s largest and longest lasting citizen science program about the Earth, has been collecting cloud observations matched to multiple satellite data daily. The program’s cloud protocol is historically the most popular protocol as your eyes are the only instruments you need to collect observations of the sky. This dataset includes over 3,300,000 cloud observations with variables like total cloud cover, cloud type and opacity that are collocated to the nearest overpass times of geostationary satellites (GOES-15, GOES-16, GOES-17, Meteosat-8, Meteosat-11, or Himawari-8), or to Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments onboard Aqua and Terra, or the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite. In order to increase the usability of this dataset, the Community science project Leveraging Online and User Data through GLOBE And Zooniverse Engagement (CLOUD GAZE) has been developed to generate data quality flags of these ground-up and top-down perspectives of sky and clouds. Recently funded through NASA’s Citizen Science for Earth Systems Program, CLOUD GAZE has partnered with the Zooniverse online platform to obtain reference data and image tagging of sky photographs collected through The GLOBE Program’s clouds protocol. This paper will present the GLOBE Clouds dataset matched to NASA satellite data, integration of CLOUD GAZE to develop data quality flags, and research applications of the dataset (includes ground-up and top-down perspective comparisons, ground observations of dust storms and smoke plumes, and cloud observations in polar regions). The paper will also present on techniques and recommendations for classroom use and for community engagement, particularly for those looking to online resources.

Marilé Colón Robles↗
NASA NTRS1974

Orbital and entry tracking accessory for globes

An orbital and entry tracking accessory or attachment is described which can be mounted on a globe to provide a rapid means of determining range requirements for entry vehicles returning from any orbit to any desired landing site with reasonable accuracy. The device is constructed of clear plastic strip material, and comprises a support ring, a calibrated orbital track member rigidly carried by the support ring, and a calibrated lateral range member pivotally coupled to the support ring at points such that the lateral range member is always oriented normally to the orbital track member. The assembly is mountable on the globe relatively snugly, but freely movable. At least one of the members has a detachable coupling which permits placement of the device on the globe.

Pritchard, E. B.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Global Backscatter Experiment (GLOBE) Results: Aerosol Backscatter Global Distribution and Wavelength Dependence

The GLObal Backscatter Experiment (GLOBE) was initiated by NASA in 1986 as an interagency and international research effort to characterize tropospheric backscatter properties. The primary objective of the program is to develop realistic aerosol backscatter inputs for design and simulation studies for NASA's prospective Laser Atmospheric Wind Sounder (LAWS). To achieve this, GLOBE incorporates several different types of aerosol sensors, which operate from a variety of sensor platforms, covering a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, and measure a diverse set of aerosol physical, chemical, and optical properties. The results of this analysis have provided important new information on the life cycles and physicochemical properties of global scale tropospheric aerosol systems. In addition, GLOBE analytical methods will be useful for the Earth Observing System (EOS) and other studies that involve the assimilation of large, complex atmospheric aerosol databases.

Bowdle, David A.↗
NASA NTRS2004

The GLOBE Contrail Protocol: Initial Analysis of Results

The GLOBE contrail protocol was launched in March 2003 to obtain surface observer reports of contrail occurrence to complement satellite and model studies underway at NASA Langley, among others. During the first year, more than 30,000 ground observations of contrails were submitted to GLOBE. An initial analysis comparing the GLOBE observations to weather prediction model results for relative humidity at flight altitudes is in progress. This paper reports on the findings to date from this effort.

Chambers, Lin↗
NASA NTRS2011

Quantification of Posterior Globe Flattening: Methodology Development and Validationc

Microgravity exposure affects visual acuity in a subset of astronauts, and mechanisms may include structural changes in the posterior globe and orbit. Particularly, posterior globe flattening has been implicated in several astronauts. This phenomenon is known to affect some terrestrial patient populations, and has been shown to be associated with intracranial hypertension. It is commonly assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), or B-mode ultrasound (US), without consistent objective criteria. NASA uses a semi-quantitative scale of 0-3 as part of eye/orbit MRI and US analysis for occupational monitoring purposes. The goal of this study was to initiate development of an objective quantification methodology for posterior globe flattening.

Lumpkins, S. B.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Quantification of Posterior Globe Flattening: Methodology Development and Validation

Microgravity exposure affects visual acuity in a subset of astronauts and mechanisms may include structural changes in the posterior globe and orbit. Particularly, posterior globe flattening has been implicated in the eyes of several astronauts. This phenomenon is known to affect some terrestrial patient populations and has been shown to be associated with intracranial hypertension. It is commonly assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) or B-mode Ultrasound (US), without consistent objective criteria. NASA uses a semiquantitative scale of 0-3 as part of eye/orbit MRI and US analysis for occupational monitoring purposes. The goal of this study was ot initiate development of an objective quantification methodology to monitor small changes in posterior globe flattening.

Lumpkins, Sarah B.↗
NASA NTRS2022

Characterizing Student-Driven Research Investigations Contributed to the GLOBE Program Citizen Science Initiative in a Formal Education Context

The Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) Program offers citizen science opportunities to participants of all ages, with a focus on youth in formal classroom contexts. This study uses student investigation research reports and posters submitted to the 2018 International Virtual Science Symposium (IVSS) and Student Research Symposium (SRS) as testbeds for characterizing student-driven Earth system citizen science investigations. Secondarily, this study aimed to capture GLOBE’s alignment to existing citizen science outcomes frameworks in the literature, which have primarily focused on adults and non-formal settings. Based on a literature review, the evaluation team identified 89 potential characteristics in 27 categories to typify investigations from both formal education and citizen science perspectives. We coded the artifacts from 207 student projects, conducted quantitative analysis of frequencies, and performed a semantic network analysis. By using this networking approach, we conceptually mapped several clusters of co-occurring characteristics, defining a descriptive framework for GLOBE projects. We identified three tiers of citizen science projects, increasing in the sophistication of participants’ demonstrated science practices. The framework includes additional components that reflect student citizen scientists’ thoughtfulness and connection to context as well as their projects’ reflection of their motivation and self efficacy. Through these findings, we have identified areas where student citizen scientists would benefit from further support, and suggest here further research to incorporate the experiences of students into the broader understanding of citizen science outcomes.

network analysis↗
NASA NTRS1991

Visible and near infrared observation on the Global Aerosol Backscatter Experiment (GLOBE)

The Global Aerosol Backscatter Experiment (GLOBE) was intended to provide data on prevailing values of atmospheric backscatter cross-section. The primary intent was predicting the performance of spaceborne lidar systems, most notably the Laser Atmospheric Wind Sounder (LAWS) for the Earth Observing System (EOS). The second and related goal was to understand the source and characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles. From the GLOBE flights, extensive data was obtained on the structure of clouds and the marine planetary boundary layer. A notable result for all observations is the consistency of the large increases in the aerosol scattering ratio for the marine boundary layer. Other results are noted.

Spinhirne, James D.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Intercomparisons of Lidar Backscatter Measurements and In-situ Data from GLOBE

The Global Backscatter Experiment (GLOBE) took place during Nov. 1989 and May - Jun. 1990 and involved flight surveys of the Pacific region by the NASA DC-8 aircraft. The experimental instruments were lidars operating at wavelengths ranging from the visible to the thermal infrared and various optical particle counters for in-situ measurements. The primary motivation for GLOBE was the development of spaceborne wind sensing lidar. This paper will concern a comparison of direct backscatter measurements and backscatter calculated from particle counter data. Of special interest is that the particle measurements provided data on composition, and thus refractive index variation may be included in the analysis.

Chudamani, S.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Aerosol chemistry in GLOBE

This task addresses the measurement and understanding of the physical and chemical properties of aerosol in remote regions that are responsible for aerosol backscatter at infrared wavelengths. Because it is representative of other clean areas, the remote Pacific is of extreme interest. Emphasis is on the determination size dependent aerosol properties that are required for modeling backscatter at various wavelengths and upon those features that may be used to help understand the nature, origin, cycling and climatology of these aerosols in the remote troposphere. Empirical relationships will be established between lidar measurements and backscatter derived from the aerosol microphysics as required by the NASA Doppler Lidar Program. This will include the analysis of results from the NASA GLOBE Survey Mission Flight Program. Additional instrument development and deployment will be carried out in order to extend and refine this data base. Identified activities include participation in groundbased and airborne experiments. Progress to date includes participation in, analysis of, and publication of results from Mauna Loa Backscatter Intercomparison Experiment (MABIE) and Global Backscatter Experiment (GLOBE).

Clarke, Antony D.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Enhancing Science Teacher Training Using Water Resources and GLOBE

Heritage College, located on the Yakama Indian Reservation in south central Washington state, serves a multicultural, underserved, rural population and trains teachers to staff the disadvantaged school districts on and surrounding the reservation. In-service teachers and pre-service teachers in the area show strength in biology but have weak backgrounds in chemistry and mathematics. We are addressing this problem by providing a 2-year core of courses for 3 groups of 25 students (15 pre-service and 10 in-service teachers) using GLOBE to teach integrated physical science and mathematics. At the conclusion of the program, the students will qualify for science certification by Washington State. Water resources are the focal point of the curriculum because it is central to life in our desert area. The lack or excess of water, its uses, quality and distribution is being studied by using GIS, remote sensing and historical records. Students are learning the methodology to incorporate scientific protocols and data into all aspects of their future teaching curriculum. In addition, in each of the three years of the project, pre-service teachers attended a seminar series during the fall semester with presentations by collaborators from industry, agriculture, education and government agencies. Students used NASA educational materials in the presentations that they gave at the conclusion of the seminar series. All pre- and in-service teachers continue to have support via a local web site for Heritage College GLOBE participants.

Falco, James W.↗
NASA NTRS2011

The Role of Virtual Globes in Geoscience

One of the difficulties faced by Earth scientists of all disciplines is how to effectively communicate their research to both other scientists and the general public. With increased attention paid to the health of the planet, the activities of geoscientists in particular are falling under the spotlight of public interest. In age where the internet availability has brought an expectation of information being instantly visible in a graphically rich format, the development of Virtual Globes --computer-based representations of the real-world--has become a natural progression for how best to view these data. In this special issue we bring together a cross-selection of the many examples of how Virtual Globe technologies are being used for geoscience.

Bailey, John E.↗
NASA NTRS2019

Leveraging Thousands of Contrail Observations from GLOBE Citizen Scientists

The GLOBE (Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment) Program is NASA's largest and longest-operating citizen science program contributing Earth observations. Over 800,000 cloud observations have been reported worldwide since YEAR that include reports of short-lived, persistent, and persistent-spreading contrails. While contrails can be challenging to observe with space-borne platforms, humans are adept at spotting contrails from the ground. The NASA GLOBE Clouds team at NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia matches cloud observations to multiple satellite platforms for comparison, including: NASA's CERES (Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System) instrument onboard Terra and Aqua, CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation), and geostationary satellites. A pilot project was started with select students in the United States to track airplanes above 25,000 ft and report airplane type, altitude, and report if a contrail was being or was not being produced. The objective of the pilot project was to establish if this is a scalable approach for building an international observational dataset documenting what types of airplanes are creating what types of contrails (short-lived, persistent, spreading) under what atmospheric conditions. Preliminary results of this pilot project will be presented.

Colón Robles, Marilé↗