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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

One Dimensional Penstock Flow Models for Hydropower Digital Twin

This report details the inelastic, unsteady, one-dimensional flow equations that are used to model flow through a penstock in a hydropower facility. The flow model is coupled to a mechanistic turbine model to compute the rotation rate of the turbine, which is dependent on the flow rate, gravitational head, and various parameters of the machine, such as inlet vane angle. Results are given for an example hydropower facility in which the turbine is subjected to a specified time-varying load, and the results on the flow rate are shown. Future applications for the flow model are also briefly reviewed.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
NASA NTRS1994

A New K-epsilon Eddy Viscosity Model for High Reynolds Number Turbulent Flows: Model Development and Validation

A new k-epsilon eddy viscosity model, which consists of a new model dissipation rate equation and a new realizable eddy viscosity formulation, is proposed. The new model dissipation rate equation is based on the dynamic equation of the mean-square vorticity fluctuation at large turbulent Reynolds number. The new eddy viscosity formulation is based on the realizability constraints: the positivity of normal Reynolds stresses and Schwarz' inequality for turbulent shear stresses. We find that the present model with a set of unified model coefficients can perform well for a variety of flows. The flows that are examined include: (1) rotating homogeneous shear flows; (2) boundary-free shear flows including a mixing layer, planar and round jets; (3) a channel flow, and flat plate boundary layers with and without a pressure gradient; and (4) backward facing step separated flows. The model predictions are compared with available experimental data. The results from the standard k-epsilon eddy viscosity model are also included for comparison. It is shown that the present model is a significant improvement over the standard k-epsilon eddy viscosity model.

Shih, T.-H.↗
NASA NTRS2020

Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Computations of the NASA Juncture Flow Model Using FUN3D and OVERFLOW

Two Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes codes, FUN3D and OVERFLOW, are used to assess the capability of Spalart-Allmaras-based turbulence models to predict the flow over the NASA Juncture Flow model. Both free-air and in-tunnel simulations are performed. While the tunnel walls have some influence, it is found to be relatively minor in the juncture region of interest. Results from the two codes are found to be consistent with each other in attached flow regions, but results in the area of separation still show grid and code sensitivity, even on grids as large as 400 million unknowns. Nonetheless, it is possible to draw conclusions regarding the model capabilities. Without a quadratic constitutive relation, the linear model predicts a separation size that is too large. The inclusion of a nonlinear quadratic constitutive relation improves results significantly, but separation still occurs too far upstream. Prediction of turbulent normal stress differences play a key role in this flow. Although the nonlinear model makes better predictions in this regard, they could still be improved, particularly in the streamwise normal component near the wall.

C L Rumsey↗
NASA NTRS1984

Data flow modeling techniques

There have been a number of simulation packages developed for the purpose of designing, testing and validating computer systems, digital systems and software systems. Complex analytical tools based on Markov and semi-Markov processes have been designed to estimate the reliability and performance of simulated systems. Petri nets have received wide acceptance for modeling complex and highly parallel computers. In this research data flow models for computer systems are investigated. Data flow models can be used to simulate both software and hardware in a uniform manner. Data flow simulation techniques provide the computer systems designer with a CAD environment which enables highly parallel complex systems to be defined, evaluated at all levels and finally implemented in either hardware or software. Inherent in data flow concept is the hierarchical handling of complex systems. In this paper we will describe how data flow can be used to model computer system.

Kavi, K. M.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Steady state cooling flow models with gas loss for normal elliptical galaxies

A grid of cooling flow models for the hot gas in normal elliptical galaxies is calculated, including the loss of gas due to inhomogeneous cooling. The loss process is modeled as a distributed sink for the gas with the rate of loss being proportional to the local cooling rate. The cooling flow models with gas loss have smaller sonic radii, smaller inflow rates in their central regions, lower densities, and higher temperatures than homogeneous models. The reduction in the amount of hot gas flowing into the center of the models brings the models into much better agreement with the observed X-ray surface brightness profiles of elliptical galaxies. However, there is a large dispersion in the observed X-ray luminosities of ellipticals, and this cannot be explained by variations in the efficiency of gas loss. The gas-loss models have X-ray surface brightness profiles which are much less centrally peaked than the no-gas-loss models.

Sarazin, Craig L.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Temperature-based reactive flow model for triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) plastic bonded explosives

A new reactive flow model is presented for triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB)-based plastic bonded explosives, applicable to shock initiation and steady detonation problems of differing initial temperature. Temperature disequilibrium is assumed between unreacted explosive, material in the vicinity of compressed defects (called hot spots), and reaction products. The model incorporates temperature-dependent decomposition reaction rates. Particularly, Arrhenius model parameters were derived from quantum-based molecular dynamics simulations of TATB decomposition. Further, a model of detonation carbon aggregation is incorporated, describing the slow release of energy inherent to detonation in TATB-based materials. Model parameters were calibrated against gas gun shock initiation experiments and steady detonation rate stick tests. The predictive ability of the model in the shock initiation regime is tested against recent thin pulse experiments. The model is found to perform equally well in predicting the size-effect curve of ambient, cold, and hot rate sticks. The present work demonstrates the viability of incorporating results from subscale simulations into a continuum-scale reactive flow model.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Physically rigorous reduced-order flow models of fractured subsurface environments without explosive computational cost

Fractured media models comprise discontinuities of multiple lengths (e.g. fracture lengths and apertures, wellbore area) that fall into the relatively insignificant length scales spanning millimeter-scale fractures to centimeter-scale wellbores in comparison to the extensions of the field of interest, and challenge the conventional discretization methods imposing highly-fine meshing and formidably large numerical cost. By utilizing the recent developments in the finite element analysis of electromagnetics that allow to represent material properties on a hierarchical geometry, this project develops computational capabilities to model fluid flow, heat conduction, transport and induced polarization in large-scale geologic environments that possess geometrically-complex fractures and man-made infrastructures without explosive computational cost. The computational efficiency and robustness of this multi-physics modeling tool are demonstrated by considering various highly-realistic complex geologic environments that are common in many energy and national security related engineering problems.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS1991

Evaluation of Rotordynamic Coefficients of Look-through Labyrinths by Means of a Three Volume Bulk Flow Model

To describe the compressible, turbulent flow in a labyrinth seal, a three volume bulk flow model is presented. The conservation equations for mass, momentum, and energy are established in every control volume. A perturbation analysis is performed, yielding zeroth order equations for centric rotor position and first order equations describing the flow field for small rotor motions around the seal center. The equations are integrated numerically. From perturbation pressure, the forces on the shaft and the dynamic coefficients are calculated.

Nordmann, R.↗
NASA NTRS1988

The X-ray emission of normal elliptical galaxies - Steady state cooling flow models

Steady state, spherical, homogeneous cooling flow models are compared to the observed X-ray luminosities, spectra, and surface-brightness profiles of elliptical galaxies. Galaxies without heavy halos and SNe have temperatures which are too low and X-ray surface brightness profiles which are too rapidly decreasing with radius to fit the observations. Galaxies with heavy halos and SNe have luminosities which are too large except for the highest luminosity ellipticals. Galaxies without heavy halos but with SNe have temperatures which are probably too cool in the outer parts. Galaxies with heavy halos but without SNe, where the gas is heated by the motions of gas-losing stars and by infall and compression in a heavy halo potential, are favored. This suggests that elliptical galaxies have heavy halos of optically dark material.

Sarazin, Craig L.↗
NASA NTRS2000

Mean Line Pump Flow Model in Rocket Engine System Simulation

A mean line pump flow modeling method has been developed to provide a fast capability for modeling turbopumps of rocket engines. Based on this method, a mean line pump flow code PUMPA has been written that can predict the performance of pumps at off-design operating conditions, given the loss of the diffusion system at the design point. The pump code can model axial flow inducers, mixed-flow and centrifugal pumps. The code can model multistage pumps in series. The code features rapid input setup and computer run time, and is an effective analysis and conceptual design tool. The map generation capability of the code provides the map information needed for interfacing with a rocket engine system modeling code. The off-design and multistage modeling capabilities of the code permit parametric design space exploration of candidate pump configurations and provide pump performance data for engine system evaluation. The PUMPA code has been integrated with the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS) code and an expander rocket engine system has been simulated. The mean line pump flow code runs as an integral part of the NPSS rocket engine system simulation and provides key pump performance information directly to the system model at all operating conditions.

Veres, Joseph P.↗
DOE OSTI2022

A scalable compressible volume of fluid solver using a stratified flow model

Here, in this paper, a Volume of Fluid method which uses a Stratified Flow model for flux calculation is proposed to solve a compressible multiphase flow in a way that has high parallel efficiency. The solver is part of an open-source computing tool to study fuel entrainment and combustion in the application of paraffin-based hybrid rocket motors. This paper focuses on the compressible Volume of Fluid solver for the liquid and gaseous phases in this environment. This solver uses perfect gas and stiffened gas models for equation of state, with the ability to easily add other models as desired. Additionally a comparison of a Riemann solver versus an AUSM+up scheme is conducted, showing improvement with the later in the solution of multiphase flows. This solver successfully reproduces shock tube cases with the expected accuracy, as well as simulating two-dimensional shear and gravity-driven flows. Results also show that the code is able to utilize a Stratified Flow model to evaluate shear flow without the need for interface reconstruction or gradient calculations. Finally, it is shown that the solver has near-ideal scaling under strong scaling tests as well as good performance in static scaling, giving improved performance over current options and implying future advancement of high-performance computing efficiency for multiphase flow solvers.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS1991

Deformation of the central Andes (15-27 deg S) derived from a flow model of subduction zones

A simple viscous flow model of a subduction zone is used to calculate the deformation within continental lithosphere above a subducting slab. This formulation accounts for two forces that dominate the deformation in the overriding lithosphere: tectonic forces and buoyancy forces. Numerical solutions, obtained by using a finite element technique, are compared with observations from the central Andes (15-27 deg S). The model predicts the observed deformation pattern of extension in the forearc, compression in the Western Monocline (corresponding to magmatic activity), extension in the Altiplano, compression in the Eastern Monocline and Subandes, and no deformation in the Brazilian Shield. By comparing the calculated solutions with the large-scale tectonic observations, the forces that govern the deformation in the central Andes are evaluated. The approximately constant subduction velocity in the past 26 million years suggests that the rate of crustal shortening in the Andes has decreased with time due to the thickening of the crust.

Wdowinski, Shimon↗
NASA NTRS1989

Average-passage flow model development

A 3-D model was developed for simulating multistage turbomachinery flows using supercomputers. This average passage flow model described the time averaged flow field within a typical passage of a bladed wheel within a multistage configuration. To date, a number of inviscid simulations were executed to assess the resolution capabilities of the model. Recently, the viscous terms associated with the average passage model were incorporated into the inviscid computer code along with an algebraic turbulence model. A simulation of a stage-and-one-half, low speed turbine was executed. The results of this simulation, including a comparison with experimental data, is discussed.

Adamczyk, John J.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Transonic, turbulent boundary-layer separation generated on an axisymmetric flow model

Experimental data describing the transonic, turbulent, separated flow generated by an axisymmetric flow model are presented. The model consisted of a circular-arc bump affixed to a straight, circular cylinder aligned with the flow direction. Measurements of the mean velocity, turbulence intensity, and Reynolds shear-stress profiles were made in the separated flow. These data revealed dramatic changes in the shear-stress levels as the flow passed through the interaction to reattachment. Behavior of the turbulence reaction to the imposed pressure gradients was examined in terms of the mixing length and the excursions of the turbulence from equilibrium.

Bachalo, W. D.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Multicontinuum Flow Models for Assessing Two-Phase Flow in Containment Science

We present a new pre-processor tool written in Python that creates multicontinuum meshes for PFLOTRAN to simulate two-phase flow and transport in both the fracture and matrix continua. We discuss the multicontinuum modeling approach to simulate potentially mobile water and gas in the fractured volcanic tuffs at Aqueduct Mesa, at the Nevada National Security Site.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1979

An investigation of transonic turbulent boundary layer separation generated on an axisymmetric flow model

Experimental data are presented describing the transonic turbulent separated flow generated by an axisymmetric flow model. The model consisted of a circular-arc bump affixed to a straight circular cylinder aligned with the flow direction. Measurements of the mean velocity, turbulence intensity, and Reynolds shear stress profiles were made in the separated flow. These data revealed the dramatic changes in the shear stress levels as the flow passed from the interaction through to reattachment. Information on the behavior of the turbulence reaction to the imposed pressure gradients, as presented in this investigation, will be required for the development of the turbulence models used in predicting nonequilibrium turbulent flow fields.

Bachalo, W. D.↗
NASA NTRS2018

An Approach for Utilizing Power Flow Modeling for Simulations of Hybrid Electric Propulsion Systems

This paper describes an approach to creating simulations of the electric components for a hybrid electric propulsionsystem. The proposed modeling technique is based on power/load flow modeling and is designed to provide a modularframework that includes buses, lines, and other electrical components that can be connected together to form the electrical distribution system. The purpose of this paper is to detail an electric distribution system modeling technique and to demonstrate how these models may be integrated with turbomachinery simulations. These general modeling techniques were created to be utilized for system and control design studies. Additionally, steady-state and dynamic performance for a proposed model example is compared with data from a hardware in the loop simulation.

Power Flow↗