Silicon monolithic micropower flip-flop utilizing hybrid technology.
Silicon monolithic micropower flip-flop integrated circuit from straightforward translation of conventional separate components
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “FLOPS”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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A silicon monolithic, micropower complementary flip-flop.
Low power consumption, high reliability and fully integrated silicon monolithic complementary flip- flop circuit
TRANSISTOR CIRCUIT↗
Mitocans induce lipid flip-flop and permeabilize the membrane to signal apoptosis
Pancratistatin (PST) and narciclasine (NRC) are natural therapeutic agents that exhibit specificity toward the mitochondria of cancerous cells and initiate apoptosis. Unlike traditional cancer therapeutic agents, PST and NRC are effective, targeted, and have limited adverse effects on neighboring healthy, noncancerous cells. Currently, the mechanistic pathway of action for PST and NRC remains elusive, which in part inhibits PST and NRC from becoming efficacious therapeutic alternatives. Herein, we use neutron and x-ray scattering in combination with calcein leakage assays to characterize the effects of PST, NRC, and tamoxifen (TAM) on a biomimetic model membrane. We report an increase in lipid flip-flop half-times (t 1/2 ) (≈12.0%, ≈35.1%, and a decrease of ≈45.7%) with 2 mol percent PST, NRC, and TAM respectively. An increase in bilayer thickness (≈6.3%, ≈7.8%, and ≈7.8%) with 2 mol percent PST, NRC, and TAM, respectively, was also observed. Lastly, increases in membrane leakage (≈31.7%, ≈37.0%, and ≈34.4%) with 2 mol percent PST, NRC, and TAM, respectively, were seen. Considering the maintenance of an asymmetric lipid composition across the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is crucial to eukaryotic cellular homeostasis and survival, our results suggest PST and NRC may play a role in disrupting the native distribution of lipids within the OMM. A possible mechanism of action for PST- and NRC-induced mitochondrial apoptosis is proposed via the redistribution of the native OMM lipid organization and through OMM permeabilization.
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
Spin–Flop and Metamagnetic Transition in Monoclinic Eu 4 Bi 6 Se 13
This study explores an investigation of the crystallographic, electronic, and magnetic properties of the europium-based bismuth selenide compound Eu 4 Bi 6 Se 13 , with particular focus on its magnetic anisotropy. This compound adopts a monoclinic crystal structure classified under the P2 1 /m space group (#11). It exhibits distinctive structural features, including substantial Eu–Se coordination numbers (6 and 8), Bi–Se ladders, and linear chains of Eu atoms that propagate along the b-axis. Electronic resistivity assessments indicate that Eu 4 Bi 6 Se 13 exhibits metallic behavior. As the magnetic field is oriented along the b-axis, magnetic characterization reveals uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, with metamagnetic transitions appearing at approximately 12 kOe and a lower field. In the field below 10 kOe, the spin-flop transition is observed with possible domain-induced hysteresis. This behavior supports the identification of metamagnetic features in field-dependent measurements attributable to the europium spins.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Spin-flop-like transition as quantum critical point in Cs2RuO4
We report thermodynamic, neutron diffraction, and inelastic neutron scattering measurements on Cs2RuO4, a member of the celebrated family of frustrated magnets Cs2𝑀𝑋4 (𝑀 = Cu, Co, 𝑋 = Br, Cl). Unlike the previously studied members, it is based on 4𝑑 transition metal ions with 𝑆=1. Mapping out the 𝐻−𝑇 magnetic phase diagram reveals an unusual continuous spin-flop-like phase transition associated with a quantum critical point within the antiferromagnetically ordered phase. A quantitative analysis of the complex magnetic excitation spectrum measured in zero field allows us to derive a model magnetic Hamiltonian for this compound. Its main feature is a frustration of magnetic anisotropy on a level that is much higher than in any of the previously studied species. This frustration naturally explains the peculiar phase transition observed.
Nabi, S [Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Z↗
Spin Seebeck effect near the antiferromagnetic spin-flop transition
In this work, we develop a low-temperature, long-wavelength theory for the interfacial spin Seebeck effect (SSE) in easy-axis antiferromagnets. The field-induced spin-flop (SF) transition of Néel order is associated with a qualitative change in SSE behavior: Below SF, there are two spin carriers with opposite magnetic moments, with the carriers polarized along the field forming a majority magnon band. Above SF, the low-energy, ferromagneticlike mode has magnetic moment opposite the field. This results in a sign change of the SSE across SF, which agrees with recent measurements on Cr 2 O 3 /Pt and Cr 2 O 3 /Ta devices. In our theory, SSE is due to a Néel spin current below SF and a magnetic spin current above SF. Using the ratio of the associated Néel to magnetic spin-mixing conductances as a single constant fitting parameter, we reproduce the field dependence of the experimental data and partially the temperature dependence of the relative SSE jump across SF.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Highly sensitive spin-flop transition in antiferromagnetic van der Waals material M PS 3 ( M = Ni and Mn)
Recent developments in two-dimensional (2D) magnetism have motivated the search for van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials to explore magnetic phenomena in the 2D limit. Metal thiophosphates, MPX 3 , are a class of magnetic vdW materials with antiferromagnetic ordering persisting down to the atomically thin limit. The magnetism in this material family has been found to be highly dependent on the choice of transition metal M. In this paper, we have synthesized the intermediate compounds Ni 1–x Mn x PS 3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) and investigated their magnetic properties. Our study reveals that the variation of Ni and Mn content in Ni 1–x Mn x PS 3 can efficiently tune the spin-flop transition, likely due to the modulation of the magnetic anisotropy. Such effective tuning offers a promising candidate to engineer 2D magnetism for future device applications.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Design and Evaluation of Flip-Flops for eFPGA Configuration Hardening
This work presents designs for rad-hard flip flops and some of their heavy-ion and proton test results.
Mohan, Prashanth↗
Spin-flop Phase in a Honeycomb Antiferromagnet Mn 0.84 Mg 0.16 TiO 3
The spin-flop phase of a honeycomb antiferromagnet of Mn 0.84 Mg 0.16 TiO 3 has been studied under magnetic field along normal direction to the honeycomb plane by neutron scattering. With increasing a magnetic field from 0 to 5 T, the inelastic scattering intensity increased by 1.5 times at (1 0 0), where the magnetic structure was found to be collinear-antiferromagnet with the spin parallel to [1 1 0] direction. The spin direction is consistent with a 1.5 times increase of the inelastic intensity. Furthermore, the negligible energy difference between K and K' points suggests small values for both Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and bond-dependent symmetric anisotropic exchange interaction in this material.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Flip-Flop Digital Modulator
Clock switched on and off in response to data signal. Flip-flop modulator generates square-wave carrier frequency that is half clock frequency and turns carrier on and off. Final demodulator output logical inverse of data input.
Eno, R. F.↗
Design, implementation and investigation of an image guide-based optical flip-flop array
Presented is the design for an image guide-based optical flip-flop array created using a Hughes liquid crystal light valve and a flexible image guide in a feedback loop. This design is used to investigate the application of image guides as a communication mechanism in numerical optical computers. It is shown that image guides can be used successfully in this manner but mismatch match between the input and output fiber arrays is extremely limiting.
Griffith, P. C.↗
Flip-Flop Recovery System for sounding rocket payloads
The design, development, and testing of the Flip-Flop Recovery System, which protects sensitive forward-mounted instruments from ground impact during sounding rocket payload recovery operations, are discussed. The system was originally developed to reduce the impact damage to the expensive gold-plated forward-mounted spectrometers in two existing Taurus-Orion rocket payloads. The concept of the recovery system is simple: the payload is flipped over end-for-end at a predetermined time just after parachute deployment, thus minimizing the risk of damage to the sensitive forward portion of the payload from ground impact.
Flores, A., Jr.↗
The flip-flop nozzle extended to supersonic flows
An experiment studying a fluidically oscillated rectangular jet flow was conducted. The Mach number was varied over a range from low subsonic to supersonic. Unsteady velocity and pressure measurements were made using hot wires and piezoresistive pressure transducers. In addition smoke flow visualization using high speed photography was used to document the oscillation of the jet. For the subsonic flip-flop jet it was found that the apparent time-mean widening of the jet was not accompanied by an increase in mass flux. It was found that it is possible to extend the operation of these devices to supersonic flows. Most of the measurements were made for a fixed nozzle geometry for which the oscillations ceased at a fully expanded Mach number of 1.58. By varying the nozzle geometry this limitation was overcome and operation was extended to Mach 1.8. The streamwise velocity perturbation levels produced by this device were much higher than the perturbation levels that could be produced using conventional excitation sources such as acoustic drivers. In view of this ability to produce high amplitudes, the potential for using small scale fluidically oscillated jet as an unsteady excitation source for the control of shear flows in full scale practical applications seems promising.
Raman, Ganesh↗
The flip flop nozzle extended to supersonic flows
An experiment studying a fluidically oscillated rectangular jet flow was conducted. The Mach number was varied over a range from low subsonic to supersonic. Unsteady velocity and pressure measurements were made using hot wires and piezoresistive pressure transducers. In addition smoke flow visualization using high speed photography was used to document the oscillation of the jet. For the subsonic flip-flop jet it was found that the apparent time-mean widening of the jet was not accompanied by an increase in mass flux. It was found that it is possible to extend the operation of these devices to supersonic flows. Most of the measurements were made for a fixed nozzle geometry for which the oscillations ceased at a fully expanded Mach number of 1.58. By varying the nozzle geometry this limitation was overcome and operation was extended to Mach 1.8. The streamwise velocity perturbation levels produced by this device were much higher than the perturbation levels that could be produced using conventional excitation sources such as acoustic drivers. In view of this ability to produce high amplitudes, the potential for using small scale fluidically oscillated jet as an unsteady excitation source for the control of shear flows in full scale practical applications seems promising.
Raman, Ganesh↗
Practical applications of digital integrated circuits. Part 2: Minimization techniques, code conversion, flip-flops, and asynchronous circuits
Here, the 7400 line of transistor to transistor logic (TTL) devices is emphasized almost exclusively where hardware is concerned. However, it should be pointed out that the logic theory contained herein applies to all hardware. Binary numbers, simplification of logic circuits, code conversion circuits, basic flip-flop theory, details about series 54/7400, and asynchronous circuits are discussed.
Source record↗
A SEU-Hard Flip-Flop for Antifuse FPGAs
A single event upset (SEU)-hardened flip-flop has been designed and developed for antifuse Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) application. Design and application issues, testability, test methods, simulation, and results are discussed.
Katz, R.↗
Structural Basis for Flip-Flop Action of Thiamin-Dependent Enzymes Revealed by Crystal Structure of Human Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
The biologically active derivative of vitamin B1; thiamin pyrophosphate; is used as cofactor by many enzymes that perform a wide range of catalytic functions in the pathways of energy production. In alpha2beta2-heterotetrameric human pyruvate dehydrogenase, the first catalytic component enzyme of human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, this cofactor is used to cleave the C(sup alpha)-C(=0) bond of pyruvate followed by reductive acetyl transfer to lipoyl-dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase, the second catalytic component of the complex. The dynamic nonequivalence of two, otherwise chemically equivalent, catalytic sites have puzzled researchers from earlier functional studies of this enzyme. In order to gain insight into the mechanism of action of this enzyme, we determined the crystal structure of the holoform of human pyruvate dehydrogenase at 1.958, resolution. We propose a kinetic model for the flip-flop action of this enzyme through the concerted approx. 2A, shuttle-like motion of the heterodimers. The similarity of thiamin pyrophosphate binding in human pyruvate dehydrogenase and other functionally related enzymes suggests this newly defined mechanism of shuttle-like motion of domains to be common for the family of thiamin pyrophosphate-dependent enzymes.
Ciszak, Ewa↗
Structural Basis for Flip-Flop Action of Thiamin Pyrophosphate-dependent Enzymes Revealed by Human Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
The derivative of vitamin B1, thiamin pyrophosphate, is a cofactor of enzymes performing catalysis in pathways of energy production. In alpha (sub 2) beta (sub 2)-heterotetrameric human pyruvate dehydrogenase, this cofactor is used to cleave the C(sup alpha) -C(=O) bond of pyruvate followed by reductive acetyl transfer to lipoyl-dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase. The dynamic nonequivalence of two, otherwise chemically equivalent, catalytic sites has not yet been understood. To understand the mechanism of action of this enzyme, we determined the crystal structure of the holo-form of human pyruvate dehydrogenase at 1.95-Angstrom resolution. We propose a model for the flip-flop action of this enzyme through a concerted approximately 2-Angstrom shuttle-like motion of its heterodimers. Similarity of thiamin pyrophosphate binding in human pyruvate dehydrogenase with functionally related enzymes suggests that this newly defined shuttle-like motion of domains is common to the family of thiamin pyrophosphate-dependent enzymes.
Ciszak, Ewa M.↗