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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Additively Manufactured Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Siliconized Silicon Carbide Composites Using Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone (PEEK) as a Precursor

Herein, we report a method to additively manufacture carbon fiber-reinforced siliconized silicon carbide composites. The process involves the pyrolysis of a 3D-printed carbon fiber-reinforced poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) composite to produce a porous carbon fiber-reinforced carbon matrix composite preform, which is subsequently infiltrated with molten silicon to obtain a carbon fiber-reinforced siliconized silicon carbide composite. A key aspect of the method is limiting polymer melt flow during pyrolysis of PEEK, which is achieved by thermally annealing the 3D-printed carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK preform in air at a temperature below PEEK’s melting temperature. Rheological and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements demonstrate that the thermal annealing treatment altered the melting behavior of PEEK, while NMR and FTIR measurements provided a mechanistic explanation for the structural changes responsible for the behavior. It was also found that dimensional changes during pyrolysis were anisotropic with greater shrinkage in the stacking direction of the material.

Yoon, Bola [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000260875373)↗
NASA NTRS1986

Graphite fiber intercalation: Basic properties of copper chloride intercalated fibers

In situ resistance measurements were used to follow the intercalation of copper chloride in pitch-based fibers. Subsequent single fiber resistivity measurements reveal a large range of resistivities, from 13 to 160 micro-ohms cm. Additional density measurements reveal a bimodal distribution of mass densities. The dense fibers have lower resistivities and correspond to the stage III compound identified by X-ray diffraction. Neither resistivity nor density correlate with diameter. Both energy dispersive spectroscopy and mass density data suggest that excess chlorine resides in the intercalated fiber, resulting in a stoichiometry of C4.9n CuCl2.5 (where n is the stage number) for the denser fibers. Finally, thermogravimetric analysis shows a 33 percent loss in mass upon heating to 700C. This loss in mass is attributed to loss of both chlorine and carbon.

Jaworske, D. A.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Characterization of carbon fibers and fiber-matrix adhesion in composites

The effect of fiber/matrix interactions on the mechanical properties of thermoplastic carbon fiber composites was determined. The experimental approach was a multi-faceted one involving the following areas: characterization of the surface of carbon fibers using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and scanning transmission electron microcopy (STEM); determination of the functional groups on carbon fiber surfaces using an elemental tagging scheme - derivatization; determination of the polar and dispersion contribution to the surface energy of carbon fibers by measuring wetting forces in a series of liquids having known polar and dispersion components; and study of the interaction of thermoplastic polymers with carbon surfaces by solution adsorption, STEM and fiber critical length.

Wightman, J. P.↗
NASA NTRS1986

US long distance fiber optic networks: Technology, evolution and advanced concepts. Volume 2: Fiber optic technology and long distance networks

The study projects until 2000 the evolution of long distance fiber optic networks in the U.S. Volume 1 is the Executive Summary. Volume 2 focuses on fiber optic components and systems that are directly related to the operation of long-haul networks. Optimistic, pessimistic and most likely scenarios of technology development are presented. The activities of national and regional companies implementing fiber long haul networks are also highlighted, along with an analysis of the market and regulatory forces affecting network evolution. Volume 3 presents advanced fiber optic network concept definitions. Inter-LATA traffic is quantified and forms the basis for the construction of 11-, 15-, 17-, and 23-node networks. Using the technology projections from Volume 2, a financial model identifies cost drivers and determines circuit mile costs between any two LATAs. A comparison of fiber optics with alternative transmission concludes the report.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1987

Fiber-optic photoelastic pressure sensor with fiber-loss compensation

A new fiber-optic pressure sensor is described that has high immunity to the effects of fiber-loss variations. This device uses the photoelastic effect to modulate the proportion of the light from each of two input fibers that is coupled into each of two output fibers. This four-fiber link permits two detectors to be used to measure the sensor's responses to the light from each of two independently controlled sources. These four detector outputs are processed to yield a loss-compensated signal that is a stable and sensitive pressure indicator.

Beheim, G.↗
NASA NTRS1987

The effect of bromination of carbon fibers on the coefficient of thermal expansion of graphite fiber-epoxy composites

To examine the effect of bromination of carbon fibers on the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of carbon fiber epoxy composites, several pristine and brominated carbon fiber-epoxy composite samples were subjected to thermomechanical analysis. The CTE's of these samples were measured in the uniaxial and transverse directions. The CTE was dominated by the fibers in the uniaxial direction, while it was dominated by the matrix in the transverse directions. Bromination had no effect on the CTE of any of the composites. In addition, the CTE of fiber tow was measured in the absence of a polymer matrix, using an extension probe. The results from this technique were inconclusive.

Jaworske, D. A.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Surveys for sensitivity to fibers and potential impacts from fiber induced failures

The surveys for sensitivities to fibers and potential impacts from fiber induced failures begins with a review of the survey work completed to date and then describes an impact study involving four industrial installations located in Virginia. The observations and results from both the surveys and the study provide guidelines for future efforts. The survey work was done with three broad objectives: (1) identify the pieces of potentially vulnerable equipment as candidates for test; (2) support the transfer function work by gaining an understanding of how fibers could get into a building; and (3) support the economic analysis by understanding what would happen if fibers precipitated a failure in an item of equipment.

Butterfield, A. J.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Improving the interlaminar shear strength of carbon fiber-epoxy composites through carbon fiber bromination

The use of bromine to improve the interlaminar shear strength of PAN-based carbon fibers was investigated. Composite test specimens fabicated from brominated T-300 fibers and a MY720 matrix exhibited on average a 30% improvement in ILSS over their pristine counterparts. Mass, electrical resistivity, density, contact angle, and scanning Auger microscopy results suggested a mechanism in which the bromine was covalently bonded to the surface of the fiber, and this resulted in an increased van der Waal's adhesion between fiber and matrix.

Jaworske, Donald A.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Fiber optic strain measurements in filament-wound graphite-epoxy tubes containing embedded fibers

Filament-wound graphite-epoxy tubes fabricated with embedded fiber optic sensors were tested at NASA Langley Research Center to evaluate the feasibility of monitoring stress with a fiber optic technique. Resistance strain gauges were attached to the tubes to measure strain at four locations along the tubes. Both static and dynamic strain measurements were made with an excellent agreement between the embedded fiber optic strain sensor and the strain gauges. The results indicate that fiber optic sensors embedded in composites may be useful as the sensing component of smart structures.

Rogowski, R. S.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Long-term thermal stability and calibration of Type-II fiber Bragg grating array inscribed in radiation-hardened fibers

This paper investigates the long-term thermal stability of Type-II fiber Bragg grating (FBG) arrays, inscribed by femtosecond laser in radiation-hardened fiber, for potential applications as multiplexed sensors in high-temperature energy systems. The thermal stability of FBG sensors was assessed through 16 thermal cycles from room temperature (RT) to 750 ℃ about two months, involving 100 FBG sensors. The results show that the absolute temperature drift of FBG sensors can be reduced to less than 0.4 pm/day after 54 h thermal annealing process at a constant temperature of 800 ℃. As temperature sensors, the FBGs demonstrated stable performance, achieving a standard deviation (STD) of 1.8 pm (corresponding to a temperature resolution of 0.118 ℃) post-annealing. Repeated thermal cycles revealed a random drift of 2.3 pm in the FBG wavelength at RT. Polynomial fitting was explored as a calibration method to convert FBG wavelength shifts into absolute temperature measurements. By optimizing calibration temperature points (RT, 200 ℃, 400 ℃, and 750 ℃), the study shows that cubic polynomial calibration using four points yields an average R2 of 0.9997 and an RMSE of 3.58 ℃ across the entire temperature range (RT to 750 ℃). This approach represents an 11.53-fold improvement over empirical slope calibration and a 1.34-fold improvement over four-point piecewise fitting. The findings indicate that Type-II FBGs inscribed in radiation-hardened fibers can function as accurate temperature sensors, with performance on par with or exceeding that of thermocouples. With their multiplexing capability, robust signal transmission over long lead cables, and immunity to electromagnetic interference, FBG sensors offer a promising alternative to traditional electronic sensors for energy system monitoring.

Dominguez-Ontiveros, Elvis [ORNL] (ORCID:000000018↗
NASA NTRS1982

A study of fiber materials for use in temperature resistant fiber reinforced composites

This study has been directed at characterizing the micro-properties of candidate ceramics and glasses for use in making fibers used in fiber reinforced material composites. Particular emphasis has been given into developing techniques to guide the optimization of fiber properties. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) have been used to help collate the method of synthesis, crystal structure and surface morphology with physical performance parameters. As a result, progress has been made in characterizing such materials. This increased understanding makes the previous research worthy of further study.

Bachowsky, M. J.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Surface analyses of carbon fibers produced from polyacrylonitrile fibers at low carbonization temperatures

A process for producing carbon fibers from polyacrylonitrile at low carbonization temperatures was studied. The bulk and surface properties of fibers obtained after reaction with benzoic acid, air and carbonizing in nitrogen or a dilute acetylene atmosphere are discussed. All fiber products had different surface and internal compositions. Samples produced at temperatures up to 950 C and carbonized in nitrogen contained substantial quantities of nitrogen and oxygen at the surface. During carbonization, the surface nitrogen converted into two new forms, possibly nitrile and an azo or a new carbon-nitrogen bond. Samples carbonized in acetylene contained a carbon-rich surface stable to oxidation.

Cagliostro, D. E.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Improved bounds on elastic and transport properties of fiber-reinforced composites - Effect of polydispersivity in fiber radius

Improved rigorous bounds were computed on the effective elastic and transport properties (including the effective axial shear modulus, effective transverse bulk modulus, and effective transverse shear modulus) of a transversely isotropic fiber-reinforced material composed of infinitely-long oriented multisized impenetrable circular cylinders distributed throughout a matrix. Results were used to study the effect of fiber-radius polydispersivity on the elastic and transport properties of such unidirectional composites. It was found that increasing the degree of polydispersivity increases the effective transverse conductivity (or axial shear modulus) and the effective transverse bulk modulus, and slightly decreases the effective transverse shear modulus for cases in which the fibers are more conducting or stiffer than the matrix.

Miller, C. A.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Annealing of linear birefringence in single-mode fiber coils - Application to optical fiber current sensors

Annealing procedures that greatly reduce linear birefringence in single-mode fiber coils are described. These procedures have been successfully applied to coils ranging from 5 mm to 10 cm in diameter and up to 200 or more turns. They involve temperature cycles that last 3-4 days and reach maximum temperatures of about 850 C. The residual birefringence and induced loss are minimized by proper selection of fiber. The primary application of these coils is optical fiber current sensors, where they yield small sensors that are more stable than those achieved by other techniques. A current sensor with a temperature stability of 8.4 x 10 to the -5th/K over the range from -75 to 145 C has been demonstrated. This is approximately 20 percent greater than the temperature dependence of the Verdet constant. Packaging degrades the stability, but a packaged sensor coil with a temperature stability of about 1.6 + 10 to the -4th/K over the range from -20 to 120 C has also been demonstrated.

Tang, Dingding↗
NASA NTRS1988

Fatigue damage criteria - Matrix, fibers and interfaces of continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites

Continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites (MMC) are projected for use in high temperature, stiffness critical parts that will be subjected to cyclic loadings. Depending on the relative fatigue behavior of the fiber and matrix, and the interface properties, the failure modes of MMC can be grouped into four catagories: (1) matrix dominated, (2) fiber dominated, (3) self-similar damage growth, and (4) fiber/matrix interfacial failures. These four types of damage are discussed and illustrated by examples. The emphasis is on the fatigue of unnotched laminates.

Johnson, W. S.↗