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At least 37 records · Page 2

Virtuality Distributions and γγ * -> π 0 Transition at Handbag Level

We outline a new approach to transverse momentum dependence in hard processes using as an example the exclusive transition ${\gamma^{*}\gamma \to \pi^{0}}$ at the handbag level. We start with the coordinate representation for a matrix element ${\langle p |{\cal O}(0,z) |0 \rangle}$ of a bilocal operator ${{\cal O} (0,z)}$ describing a hadron with momentum p. Treated as a function of (pz) and z$^{2}$, it is parametrized through virtuality distribution amplitude (VDA) Φ (x, σ), with x being Fourier-conjugate to (pz) and σ Laplace-conjugate to z$^{2}$. For intervals with z$^{+}$ = 0, we introduce the transverse momentum distribution amplitude (TMDA) ${\Ψ (x,k_{\perp})}$ , and write it in terms of VDA Φ (x, σ). The results of covariant calculations, written in terms of Φ (x, σ) are converted into expressions involving ${\Ψ (x,k_{\perp})}$ . We propose simple models for soft VDAs/TMDAs, and use them for comparison of handbag results with experimental (BaBar and BELLE) data on the pion transition form factor.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Exclusive processes at JLab at 6 GeV

Deeply virtual exclusive reactions provide a unique opportunity to probe the complex internal structure of the nucleon. They allow to access information about the correlations between parton transverse spatial and longitudinal momentum distributions from experimental observables. Dedicated experiments to study Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) and Deeply Virtual Meson Production (DVMP) have been carried out at Jefferson Lab using continuous electron beam with energies up to 6 GeV. Unpolarized cross sections, beam, target and double spin asymmetries have been measured for DVCS as well as for π 0 exclusive electroproduction. The data from Hall B provide a wide kinematic coverage with Q 2 =1-4.5 GeV 2 , x B =0.1-0.5, and -t up to 2 GeV 2 . Hall A data have limited kinematic range partially overlapping with Hall B kinematics but provide a high accuracy measurements. Scaling tests of the DVCS cross sections provide solid evidence of twist-2 dominance, which makes chiral-even GPDs accessible even at modest Q 2 . We will discuss the interpretation of these data in terms of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) model. Successful description of the recent CLAS π 0 exclusive production data within the framework of the GPD-based model provides a unique opportunity to access the chiral-odd GPDs.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

STAR results on central exclusive production in proton-proton collisions

We present a preliminary measurement of the Central Exclusive Production of the two oppositely charged pions produced in the process pp → ppπ{sup +} π{sup −}, obtained with the STAR detector at RHIC at √(s)=200 GeV. Silicon strip detectors placed in Roman Pots were used for tagging forward protons while pion pair tracks were reconstructed in the STAR Time Projection Chamber. Predictions of models based on Regge phenomenology are compared to the spectra of the kinematical variables corrected for detector acceptance and efficiency.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

CMS results on exclusive and diffractive production

We present recent CMS measurements of diffractive and exclusive processes, using data collected at 7 TeV at the LHC. Measurements of soft single- and double-diffractive cross sections are presented, as well as measurements of photon-induced processes including studies of exclusive WW production via photon-photon exchange.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Anomalous photon-gauge boson coupling contribution to the exclusive vector boson pair production from two photon exchange in pp collisions at 13 TeV

We study the W and Z pair production from two-photon exchange in proton-proton collisions at the LHC in order to evaluate the contributions of anomalous photon-gauge boson couplings, that simulates new particles and couplings predicted in many Standard Model (SM) extensions. The experimental results of W{sup +} W{sup −} exclusive production (pp → pW{sup +}W{sup −} p) at 7 TeV from the CMS collaboration [1] updates the experimental limits on anomalous couplings obtained at the Large Electron-Positron Collider (LEP). This motivates our present analysis hopefully anticipating the expected results using the Precision Proton Spectrometer (PPS) to be installed as part of CMS. In this work, we consider the W{sup +}W{sup −} exclusive production to present the p{sub T} distribution of the lepton pair corresponding to the SM signal with p{sub T} (e, μ) > 10 GeV. Next, we consider the photon-gauge boson anomalous couplings by calculating, from the FPMC and MadGraph event generators, the process γγ → W{sup +}W{sup −} from a model with gauge boson quartic couplings, by considering a 1 TeV scale for new physical effects. We present our results for an integrated luminosity of 5 fb{sup −1} at center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and for an integrated luminosity of 100 fb{sup −1} at 13 TeV. We present our preliminary results for Z pair exclusive production from two-photon exchange with anomalous couplings, where the ZZγγ quartic coupling is absent in the SM. We calculate the total cross section for the exclusive process and present the four lepton invariant mass distribution. Finally we present an outlook for the present analysis.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

QCD mechanisms of (semi)exclusive Drell-Yan processes

Two mechanisms for the lepton pair production in exclusive proton-meson collisions are considered and compared. Amplitudes and differential cross sections are calculated. The interference of these mechanisms is taken into account. The skewness dependence of the result is discussed.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Probing GPDs in ultraperipheral collisions

Ultraperipheral collisions in hadron colliders give new opportunities to investigate the hadron structure through exclusive photoproduction processes. We describe the possibility of measuring the Generalized Parton Distributions in the Timelike Compton Scattering process and in the production of heavy vector meson.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Exclusive photoproduction of J/ψ and ψ(2S) in pp and AA collisions

The amplitude for γp → J/ψp(γp → ψ'p) is calculated in a pQCD k{sub ⊥}-factorization approach. The total cross section for this process is calculated for different unintegrated gluon distributions and compared with the HERA data and the data extracted recently by the LHCb collaboration. The amplitude for γp → J/ψp(γp → ψ'p) is used to predict the cross section for exclusive photoproduction of the J/ψ(ψ') meson in proton-proton and nucleus-nucleus collisions. In the pp case, compared to earlier calculations we include both Dirac and Pauli electromagnetic form factors. We also discuss the dependence of nuclear shadowing on the charmonium state.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Coherent and neutral pion production results from MINERνA

MINERνA is a neutrino-nucleus scattering experiment employing multiple nuclear targets. The experiment is studying neutral pion production due to coherent, resonant and deep-inelastic processes, from both charged current and neutral current reactions. Neutral pions are detected through their two photon decay and the resultant electromagnetic showers. We will describe the analysis for the cross sections of inclusive and exclusive processes.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Current and future liquid argon neutrino experiments

The liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) detector technology provides an opportunity for precision neutrino oscillation measurements, neutrino cross section measurements, and searches for rare processes, such as SuperNova neutrino detection. These proceedings review current and future LArTPC neutrino experiments. Particular focus is paid to the ICARUS, MicroBooNE, LAr1, 2-LArTPC at CERN-SPS, LBNE, and 100 kton at Okinoshima experiments.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Systematic muon capture rates in PQRPA

In this work we performed a systematic study of the inclusive muon capture rates for several nuclei with A < 60 using the Projected Random Quasi-particle Phase Approximation (PQRPA) as nuclear model, because it is the only RPA model that treats the Pauli Principle correctly. We reckon that the comparison between theory and data for the inclusive muon capture is not a fully satisfactory test on the nuclear model that is used. The exclusive muon transitions are more robust for such a purpose.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Rejecting cosmic background for exclusive charged current quasi elastic neutrino interaction studies with Liquid Argon TPCs; a case study with the MicroBooNE detector

Cosmic ray (CR) interactions can be a challenging source of background for neutrino oscillation and cross-section measurements in surface detectors. We present methods for CR rejection in measurements of charged-current quasielastic-like (CCQE-like) neutrino interactions, with a muon and a proton in the final state, measured using liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs). Using a sample of cosmic data collected with the MicroBooNE detector, mixed with simulated neutrino scattering events, a set of event selection criteria is developed that produces an event sample with minimal contribution from CR background. Depending on the selection criteria used a purity between 50% and 80% can be achieved with a signal selection efficiency between 50% and 25%, with higher purity coming at the expense of lower efficiency. While using a specific dataset from the MicroBooNE detector and selection criteria values optimized for CCQE-like events, the concepts presented here are generic and can be adapted for various studies of exclusive v μ CCQE interactions in LArTPCs.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

SR2067 reveals a unique kinetic and structural signature for PPARγ partial agonism

Here, synthetic full agonists of PPARγ have been prescribed for the treatment of diabetes due to their ability to regulate glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitization. While the use of full agonists of PPARγ has been hampered due to severe side effects, partial agonists have shown promise due to their decreased incidence of such side effects in preclinical models. No kinetic information has been forthcoming in regard to the mechanism of full versus partial agonism of PPARγ to date. In this paper, we describe the discovery of a partial agonist, SR2067. A co-crystal structure obtained at 2.2 Å resolution demonstrates that interactions with the β-sheet are driven exclusively via hydrophobic interactions mediated through a naphthalene group, an observation that is unique from other partial agonists. Finally, surface plasmon resonance revealed that SR2067 binds to the receptor with higher affinity (K D = 513 nM) as compared to that of full agonist rosiglitazone, yet it has a much slower off rate compared to that of rosiglitazone.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Momentum sharing in imbalanced Fermi systems

The atomic nucleus is composed of two different kinds of fermions: protons and neutrons. If the protons and neutrons did not interact, the Pauli exclusion principle would force the majority of fermions (usually neutrons) to have a higher average momentum. Our high-energy electron-scattering measurements using C-12, Al-27, Fe-56, and Pb-208 targets show that even in heavy, neutron-rich nuclei, short-range interactions between the fermions form correlated high-momentum neutron-proton pairs. Thus, in neutron-rich nuclei, protons have a greater probability than neutrons to have momentum greater than the Fermi momentum. This finding has implications ranging from nuclear few-body systems to neutron stars and may also be observable experimentally in two-spin-state, ultracold atomic gas systems.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Pauli energy contribution to the nucleus-nucleus interaction

Background: The Pauli exclusion principle plays a crucial role as a building block of many-body quantal systems comprised of fermions. It also induces a “Pauli repulsion” in the interaction between di-nuclear systems. It has been shown in [Phys. Rev. C 95, 031601(R) (2017)] that the Pauli repulsion widens the nucleus-nucleus potential barrier, thus hindering sub-barrier fusion. Purpose: To investigate the proton and neutron contributions to the Pauli repulsion, both in the bare potential neglecting shape polarization and transfer between the reactants, as well as in the dynamical potential obtained by accounting for such dynamical rearrangements. Methods: As the basis of our study we utilize the Pauli kinetic energy (PKE) obtained by studying the nuclear localization function (NLF). Recently this approach has been generalized to incorporate all of the dynamical and time-odd terms present in the nuclear energy density functional. This approach is employed in the density constrained frozen Hartree-Fock (DCFHF) and in the density constrained time-dependent Hartree-Fock (DC- TDHF) microscopic methods. Results: The PKE spatial distribution shows that a repulsion occurs in the neck between the nuclei when they first touch. Inside the barrier, neutrons can contribute significantly more to the Pauli repulsion in neutron-rich systems. Dynamical effects tend to lower the Pauli repulsion near the barrier. Proton and neutron dynamical contributions to the PKE significantly differ inside the barrier for asymmetric collisions, which is interpreted as an effect of multinucleon transfer. Conclusions: The PKE is shown to make a significant contribution to nuclear interaction potentials. Protons and neutrons can play very different roles in both the bare potential and in the dynamical rearrangement. Further microscopic studies are required to better understand the role of transfer and to investigate the effect of pairing and deformation.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Functional Genomics, Transcriptomics, and Proteomics Reveal Distinct Combat Strategies Between Lineages of Wood-Degrading Fungi With Redundant Wood Decay Mechanisms

Wood-degrading fungi vary in their strategies for deconstructing wood, and their competitive successes shape the rate and fate of carbon released from wood, Earth’s largest pool of aboveground terrestrial carbon. In this study, one-on-one interspecific interactions between two model brown rot (carbohydrate-selective) fungi, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Rhodonia (Postia) placenta, were studied on wood wafers where a clearly resolved interaction zone (IZ) could be generated, reproducibly. Comparative RNAseq and proteomics between the IZ and non-interacting hyphae of each species identified combative strategies for each fungus. Glycoside hydrolases were a relatively smaller portion of the interaction secretome compared to non-interacting hyphae. The interaction zone showed higher pectinase specific activity than all other sampling locations, and higher laminarinase specific activity (branched ß-glucan proxy) was seen in the IZ secretome relative to equivalent hyphae in single-species cultures. Our efforts also identified two distinct competitive strategies in these two fungi with a shared nutritional mode (brown rot) but polyphyletic ancestral lineages. Gloeophyllum trabeum (Gloeophyllum clade) employed secondary metabolite (SM) synthesis in response to a competitor, as shown by the upregulation of several SM-synthesizing genes in the interaction. R. placenta (Antrodia clade) instead upregulated a larger variety of uncharacterized oxidoreductases in interacting hyphae, suggesting that an oxidative burst may be a response to competitors in this fungus. Both species produced several hypothetical proteins exclusively in the interaction zone, leaving abundant unknowns on the battlefield. This work supports the existence of multiple interaction strategies among brown rot fungi and highlights the functional diversity among wood decay fungi.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

Measurement of electron neutrino and antineutrino cross sections at low momentum transfer

Accelerator based neutrino oscillation experiments seek to measure the relative number of electron and muon (anti)neutrinos at different 𝐿/𝐸 values. However high statistics studies of neutrino interactions are almost exclusively measured using muon (anti)neutrinos since the dominant flavor of neutrinos produced by accelerator based beams are of the muon type. This work reports new measurements of electron (anti)neutrinos interactions in hydrocarbon, obtained by strongly suppressing backgrounds initiated by muon flavor (anti)neutrinos. Double differential cross sections as a function of visible energy transfer, 𝐸 avail , and transverse momentum transfer, 𝑝 𝑇 , or three momentum transfer, 𝑞 3 are presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗