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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1981

A modified adaptive delta modulator

This paper presents the results of a study in data compression of adaptive delta modulated video signals. The Song mode ADM is first investigated at a sampling rate of 16 Mbits/s and shown not to produce enough redundancy to warrant entropy encoding. A modified adaptive delta modulator algorithm is presented that operates at a sampling rate of 16 Mbits/s and does produce sufficient redundancy to yield a 40-50 percent data compression by using a simple code on 4 bit data blocks. Other techniques such as field interpolation and direct substitution are shown to increase the possible data compression further without noticeable degradation in the two input images used in this investigation. The effects of channel errors in the transmission of packet video over a computer network are considered. A leaky integrator is used to reduce the effects of channel errors in the data bits. It is shown that the effects of channel errors can be reduced by field interpolating those packets that can be shown to contain errors.

Barba, J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Adaptive delta modulation systems for video encoding

This paper describes several adaptive delta modulators designed to encode video signals. One- and two-dimensional ADM algorithms are discussed and compared. Results are shown for bit rates of 2 bits/pixel, 1 bit/pixel and 0.5 bits/pixel. Pictures showing the difference between the encoded-decoded pictures and the original pictures are presented. Results are also presented to illustrate the effect of channel errors on the reconstructed picture. A two-dimensional ADM using interframe encoding is also presented. This system operates at the rate of 2 bits/pixel and produces excellent quality pictures when there is little motion. We also describe and illustrate the effect of large amounts of motion on the reconstructed picture.

Lei, T.-L. R.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Video encoding using adaptive delta modulation

Research work is described that was carried out to develop adaptive delta modulators (ADM) capable of encoding black-and-white and color video signals in the presence of high bit error rates. These were a one-dimensional ADM capable of encoding black-and-white pictures and transmitting digitally encoded voice without increase in bandwidth; an ADM capable of encoding color video signals; and an ADM capable of encoding field-sequential color. For each of these three units, the bit rate could be adjusted within the range from 6 to 24 Mbits/sec. The effects of the bit rate and channel errors on the response of the picture are examined.

Schilling, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Digital TV tri-state delta modulation system for Space Shuttle ku-band downlink

A tri-state delta modulation/demodulation (TSDM) technique which provides for efficient run-length coding of constant-intensity segments of a TV picture is described. Aspects of the hardware implementation of a high-speed TSDM transmitter and receiver for black-and-white TV or field-sequential color or NTSC format color are reviewed. Run-length encoding of the TSDM output can consistently reduce the required channel data rate well below one bit per sample. As compared with a bistate delta modulation system, the present technique eliminates granularity in the reconstructed video without degrading rise or fall times. About 40 chips are used by TSDM when used to handle the luminance information in a color link. A possible overall space and ground functional configuration to accommodate Shuttle digital TV with scrambling for privacy is presented.

Udalov, S.↗
NASA NTRS1975

The realization of arithmetic processors for delta modulation encoded signals

The design and realization of digital devices which add or multiply delta modulation (DM) encoded signals are presented. These systems operate directly on the DM bit stream. It is shown that the devices can be constructed using standard digital hardware and that the hardware complexity needed to add or multiply the two DM encoded signals is equivalent to that needed for pulse code modulation (PCM) signals. Experimental results are presented showing the operation of these systems. The results obtained by adding or multiplying DM encoded signals are compared with those obtained using PCM encoded signals on the basis of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A spectral-analysis technique applicable to a DM encoded signal is developed to obtain SNR curves.

Locicero, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Digital encoding of NTSC color video signals using adaptive delta modulation

This paper presents the initial results of our study of the use of adaptive delta modulation to encode color signals. The techniques considered include direct encoding of the color video signal, encoding of each of the three color components, i.e., R, G and B, and encoding of the chrominance and luminance signals I, Y and Q. It is shown that at any transmitted bit rate between 8 Mb/s and 24 Mb/s the best quality picture reproduction occurs when the I, Y and Q signals are encoded and the poorest quality picture reproduction occurs when the composite video signal is encoded. Furthermore, the differences in quality are significant.

Davidovici, S.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Overshoot suppression in Adaptive Delta Modulator links for video transmission

An overshoot suppression scheme to improve the performance of the Digital Song Adaptive Delta Modulator for picture transmission is described. The overshoot suppression algorithm has been verified using computer simulation on a PDP-8. It is also shown that the additional hardware required for the actual implementation of the algorithm is simpler than those encountered in the literature, and gives better signal tracking accuracy.

Weiss, L.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Universal delta modulation receivers using the bit slice approach

The architecture of programmable processors is described, with particular reference to the design of a programmable delta-modulation decoder capable of receiving DM encoders employing different schemes. A switching receiver implementation, allowing communication between different DM algorithms, is designed and shown.

Apelewicz, T.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Delta modulation

The overshoot suppression algorithm has been more extensively studied. Computer generated test-pictures show a radical improvement due to the overshoot suppression algorithm. Considering the delta modulator link as a nonlinear digital filter, a formula that relates the minimum rise time that can be handled for given filter parameters and voltage swings has been developed. The settling time has been calculated for the case of overshoot suppression as well as when no suppression is employed. The results indicate a significant decrease in settling time when overshoot suppression is used. An algorithm for correcting channel errors has been developed. It is shown that pulse stuffing PCM words in the DM bit stream results in a significant reduction in error length.

Schilling, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Isolation Amplifier Based On Sigma-Delta Modulation

Improved isolation amplifier transmits dc or low-frequency analog signal by use of digital pulses. Relatively imprecise digital pulses convey analog signal with relatively high precision. Amplifier implements sigma-delta modulation scheme. Circuit used wherever conventional amplifier needed. Includes medical instrumentation, switching-type power supplies, and other applications in which input voltages must be measured in presence of large common-mode voltages.

Harres, Daniel N.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Multibit sigma-delta modulator with reduced sensitivity to DAC nonlinearity

A new architecture is presented for a multibit oversampled Sigma-Delta A/D convertor. A novel feedback arrangement is employed to reduce the sensitivity of the overall resolution to the nonlinearity of the multibit DAC. Simulations confirm the improved performance achieved by the proposed structure.

Hairapetian, A.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Tri-state delta modulation system for Space Shuttle digital TV downlink

Future requirements for Shuttle Orbiter downlink communication may include transmission of digital video which, in addition to black and white, may also be either field-sequential or NTSC color format. The use of digitized video could provide for picture privacy at the expense of additional onboard hardware, together with an increased bandwidth due to the digitization process. A general objective for the Space Shuttle application is to develop a digitization technique that is compatible with data rates in the 20-30 Mbps range but still provides good quality pictures. This paper describes a tri-state delta modulation/demodulation (TSDM) technique which is a good compromise between implementation complexity and performance. The unique feature of TSDM is that it provides for efficient run-length encoding of constant-intensity segments of a TV picture. Axiomatix has developed a hardware implementation of a high-speed TSDM transmitter and receiver for black-and-white TV and field-sequential color. The hardware complexity of this TSDM implementation is summarized in the paper.

Udalov, S.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Space Shuttle adaptive delta modulator design and performance

This paper describes the detailed design of the voice digitization technique which has been selected for the Space Shuttle Program. Measured performance results are discussed and the projected characteristics of Shuttle flight hardware are described.

Batson, B. H.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Optimal space communication techniques

Encoding of video signals using adaptive delta modulation (DM) was investigated, along with the error correction of DM encoded signals corrupted by thermal noise. Conversion from pulse code modulation to delta modulation was studied; an expression for the signal to noise ratio of the DM signal derived was achieved by employing linear, 2-sample, interpolation between sample points. A phase locked loop using a nonlinear processor in lieu of a loop filter is discussed.

Schilling, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Communication system analysis for manned space flight

The development of adaptive delta modulators capable of digitizing a video signal is summarized. The delta modulator encoder accepts a 4 MHz black and white composite video signal or a color video signal and encodes it into a stream of binary digits at a rate which can be adjusted from 8 Mb/s to 24 Mb/s. The output bit rate is determined by the user and alters the quality of the video picture. The digital signal is decoded using the adaptive delta modulator decoder to reconstruct the picture.

Schilling, D. L.↗