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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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33 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1993

Analysis of surfaces from the LDEF A0114, phase 2

During the reporting period, work continued on profilometry measurements of eroded and corroded sample surfaces, optical transmission measurements, analysis of the pinhole camera, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of some samples. Among metal samples, copper showed some interesting new results. There were two forms of copper samples: a thin film sputter-coated on fused silica and a solid piece of OFHC copper. They were characterized by x-ray and Auger electron spectroscopies, x-ray diffraction, and high resolution profilometry. Cu 2p core level spectra were used to demonstrate the presence of Cu2O and CuO and to determine the oxidation states.

Gregory, John C.↗
NASA NTRS1993

The interaction of atomic oxygen with copper: An XPS, AES, XRD, optical transmission, and stylus profilometry study

The University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) experiment A-0114 was designed to study the reaction of material surfaces with low earth orbits (LEO) atmospheric oxygen. The experiment contained 128 one-inch circular samples; metals, polymers, carbons, and semiconductors. Half of these samples were exposed on the front of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) and remaining on the rear. Among metal samples, copper has shown some interesting new results. There were two forms of copper samples: a thin film sputter-coated on fused silica and a solid piece of OFHC copper. They were characterized by x-ray and Auger electron spectroscopies, x-ray diffraction, and high resolution profilometry. Cu 2p core level spectra were used to demonstrate the presence of Cu2O and CuO and to determine the oxidation states.

Raikar, Ganesh N.↗
NASA NTRS1995

The thermopower in the temperature range T(sub c)-1000K and the bank spectrum of Bi-based superconductors

The temperature dependencies of thermopower, S, in the range T = T(sub c)-1000K as well as of resistivity and Hall coefficient in the range T = T(sub c)-300K for the single-phase ceramic samples Bi2Sr2Ca(1-x)Nd(x)Cu2O(y) have been measured. It was found that the S(T) dependencies in normal phase have three characteristic regions. Despite the fact that the S(T) dependencies in Bi-based high-T(sub c) superconductors (HTSC) differ essentially from ones in Y-based HTSC at T = T(sub c)-300K, the main feature of theirs (S(T) = const at high temperatures) retains in samples investigated at T is greater than 620K. The results obtained have been analyzed on the basis of the narrow-band model with the use of assumption of slight asymmetry of the conductive band. The band spectrum parameters of the samples studied have been calculated. An analysis of the tendencies in these parameters changes with samples composition varying enables to make the conclusion about the similarity of the main features of the conductive band structure in Y- and Bi-based HTSC.

Gasumyants, V. E.↗
NASA NTRS1995

The oxygen content of the high-temperature superconducting compound Bi(2+x)Sr(3-y)CayCu2O(8+d) with respect to varying Ca and Bi contents

The oxygen content of Bi(2+x)Sr(3-y)Cu2O(8+d) (2212 phase) has been determined as a function of its cation concentration. With increasing Ca and Bi content the oxygen content increases and T(sub c) decreases. The oxygen content of Ca rich 2212 phase increases with decreasing annealing temperatures. The study shows that the T(sub c) of the 2212 phase primarily is controlled by its cation concentration.

Majewski, P.↗
NASA NTRS1996

Research on high Tc superconducting compounds

Mossbauer research using the 21.54 kev resonance radiation of Eu-151 on the high temperature superconductors Bi(2)Ca(0.5)Eu(0.5)Sr(2)CU2O(x), and EuBa(2)CU(3)O(7-x) is performed. For the Bismuth compound the Mossbauer measurements gave a weak signal at room temperature but improved at lower temperatures. Experimental data indicated that europium is located at only one crystallographic site. Isomer shift measurements were .69 + 0.02 mm/s with respect to EuF(3). The linewidth at room temperature was found to be 2.54 mm/s. This value falls within the values observed by other researchers on Eu based 1,2,3 high-Tc compounds. Our results also show the Eu to be trivalent with no trace of divalent europium present. Superconducting europium based 1,2,3 compounds were prepared and measurements completed. Our results show the Eu to be trivalent with no trace of divalent europium present. These compounds had an average isomer shift of .73 mm/s +/- O.02 for all samples made. One of these was irradiated with 3.5 X 10(exp 16) neutrons and a comparison made of the Mossbauer parameters for the irradiated and non-irradiated samples. Experimental results showed no difference between linewidths but a measurable effect was seen for the isomer shift.

Oliver, Frederick W.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Comparison of the Oxidation Rates of Some New Copper Alloys

Copper alloys were studied for oxidation resistance and mechanisms between 550 and 700 C, in reduced-oxygen environments expected in rocket engines, and their oxidation behaviors compared to that of pure copper. They included two dispersion-strengthened alloys (precipitation-strengthened and oxide-dispersion strengthened, respectively) and one solution-strengthened alloy. In all cases the main reaction was oxidation of Cu into Cu2O and CuO. The dispersion-strengthened alloys were superior to both Cu and the solution-strengthened alloy in oxidation resistance. However, factors retarding oxidation rates seemed to be different for the two dispersion-strengthened alloys.

Ogbuji, Linus U. J. Thomas↗
NASA NTRS2008

Comparison of the Isothermal Oxidation Behavior of As-Cast Cu-17 Percent Cr and Cu-17 Percent Cr-5 Percent Al: Scale Microstructures - Part 2

The isothermal oxidation kinetics of as-cast Cu-17%Cr and Cu-17%Cr-5%Al in air were studied between 773 and 1173 K under atmospheric pressure. Details of the oxidation kinetics of these alloys were discussed in Part I. This paper analyzes the microstructures of the scale and its composition in an attempt to elucidate the oxidation mechanisms in these alloys. The scales formed on Cu-17%Cr specimens oxidized between 773 and 973 K consisted of external CuO and subsurface Cu2O layers. The total thickness of these scales varied from about 10 m at 773 K to about 450 m at 973 K. In contrast, thin scales formed on Cu-17%Cr-5%Al alloys oxidized between 773 and 1173 K. The exact nature of these scales could not be determined by x-ray diffraction but energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses were used to construct a scale composition map. Phenomenological oxidation mechanisms are proposed for the two alloys.

Raj, S. V.↗
NASA NTRS2008

Comparison of the Isothermal Oxidation Behavior of As-Cast Cu-17 Percent Cr and Cu-17 Percent Cr-5 Percent Al Part II: Scale Microstructures

The isothermal oxidation kinetics of as-cast Cu-17%Cr and Cu-17%Cr-5%Al in air were studied between 773 and 1173 K under atmospheric pressure. Details of the oxidation kinetics of these alloys were discussed in Part I. This paper analyzes the microstructures of the scale and its composition in an attempt to elucidate the oxidation mechanisms in these alloys. The scales formed on Cu-17%Cr specimens oxidized between 773 and 973 K consisted of external CuO and subsurface Cu2O layers. The total thickness of these scales varied from about 10 m at 773 K to about 450 m at 973 K. In contrast, thin scales formed on Cu-17%Cr-5%Al alloys oxidized between 773 and 1173 K. The exact nature of these scales could not be determined by x-ray diffraction but energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses were used to construct a scale composition map. Phenomenological oxidation mechanisms are proposed for the two alloys.

Raj, Sai V.↗
NASA NTRS2014

Copper Nanowire Production for Interconnect Applications

A method of fabricating metallic Cu nanowires with lengths up to about 25 micrometers and diameters in a range 20-100 nanometers, or greater if desired. Vertically oriented or laterally oriented copper oxide structures (CuO and/or Cu2O) are grown on a Cu substrate. The copper oxide structures are reduced with 99+ percent H or H2, and in this reduction process the lengths decrease (to no more than about 25 micrometers), the density of surviving nanostructures on a substrate decreases, and the diameters of the surviving nanostructures have a range, of about 20-100 nanometers. The resulting nanowires are substantially pure Cu and can be oriented laterally (for local or global interconnects) or can be oriented vertically (for standard vertical interconnects).

Han, Jin-Woo↗
DOE OSTI2025

Electrosynthesis of high purity ethylene using high-index facet Cu 2 O nanocrystals electrocatalyst

Electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) to multi-carbon (C 2+ ) products with copper-based catalysts is often limited by poor selectivity. This challenge arises from the concurrent formation of various intermediates, dictated by the atomic arrangement and electronic properties of surface atoms. In this study, we found that copper (I) oxide (Cu 2 O) nanocrystals with 50 facets (50F-NC), predominantly featuring (211) facets that offers high density of under-coordinated sites, demonstrate superior ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) selectivity of 92% ± 2 with an overall current density of 212 mA/cm 2 at -650 mV vs RHE. Furthermore, after one month of storage in a 1 M KOH electrolyte, this catalyst demonstrated a C 2 H 4 Faradaic efficiency of 87% highlighting its stabile structure under strong alkaline environments. Here, operando electrochemical Raman spectroscopy revealed enhanced CO* intermediate coverage on the 50F-NC catalyst, correlating with improved C-C coupling. SEM, TEM, and XPS analyses, along with DFT calculations, suggested that Cu sites on the (211) facet of 50F-NC and those at the Cu/Cu 2 O interface formed in-situ due to the surface reconstruction during the reaction, are likely active sites for effective C-C coupling and sustained high-rate C 2 H 4 production.

Cu nano particle↗
DOE OSTI2023

Plasmonic Energetic Electrons Drive CO 2 Reduction on Defective Cu 2 O

Plasmonic photoreduction of CO 2 is valuable for decarbonization and producing value-added chemicals. However, insights into the mechanisms of this reaction remain elusive, particularly regarding the roles of structural defects and their interplay with the nonequilibrium charge carriers. Here, we report density functional theory calculations on Cu 2 O, a prototype photocatalyst, through which we investigate CO 2 reduction over three defected facets to reveal the interfacial charge transfer and bond dynamics under plasmonic excitation. We find that the activation barrier of C–O bond cleavage decreases from 3.2 to about 1 eV, assisted by oxygen vacancies, and that the remaining barrier can be further reduced or eliminated at the plasmon-excited states when Cu 2 O is integrated with plasmonic metals. The regeneration of oxygen vacancies (by H 2 to form water) on Cu 2 O to complete the catalysis cycle is feasible and not affected by the energetic electrons. Furthermore, our calculations thus show the important synergistic effect of energetic electrons and point defects to promote CO 2 reduction.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Photoelectrochemical Nitrate and Nitrite Reduction Using Cu 2 O Photocathodes

Nitrate in wastewater streams causes eutrophication, and nitrate removal is of great importance for environmental protection. Electrochemical nitrate reduction has the advantage of directly converting nitrate to benign or useful chemicals, but it typically requires a considerable overpotential. Here, in this study, photoelectrochemical nitrate reduction is investigated using a Cu 2 O photocathode, where photoexcited electrons in the conduction band inherently have an overpotential of >1.6 V for nitrate reduction. The Cu 2 O photocathode is found to reduce nitrate to nitrite selectively with a high Faradaic efficiency (>85%). More importantly, as the surface of Cu 2 O is particularly catalytic for nitrate reduction, nitrate reduction on Cu 2 O kinetically suppresses photocorrosion of Cu 2 O without the need for additional catalyst or protection layers. In addition to nitrate reduction, nitrite reduction on Cu 2 O is examined to compare the effects of nitrate and nitrite reduction kinetics on the photocurrent generation and photocorrosion of Cu 2 O photocathodes.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Snowflake relocated Cu 2 O electrocatalyst on an Ag backbone template for the production of liquid C 2+ chemicals from CO 2

In this study, we performed the CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) using a structural composite catalyst of cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) and silver (Ag) that was simultaneously electrodeposited. While the underneath Ag electrodeposits maintained their spiky backbone structures even after the CO 2 RR, the Cu 2 O deposits were reduced to Cu(111) and relocated on the backbone template. Here, the structural changes in Cu 2 O to Cu increase the active area of the Cu–Ag interface, resulting in a remarkable production rate of 125.01 μmol h -1 of liquid C 2+ chemicals via the stabilization of the C–C coupling of the key intermediate species of acetaldehyde. This study provides new insights into designing a bimetallic catalyst for producing sustainable C 2+ products from CO 2 without any selectivity towards the production of methane.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗