Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “Container Ship”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Development of a Portable Stand-Alone 20 K Brayton Cycle Helium Refrigeration System

From 2012 to 2015, NASA funded development of the Ground Operations Demonstration Unit for Liquid Hydrogen (GODU-LH2) at Kennedy Space Center that scaled up and matured Integrated Refrigeration and Storage (IRAS) technology. IRAS involves the integration of an external helium refrigeration system with a cryogenic storage tank via an internal heat exchanger and allows advanced operations such as zero boiloff and densification of the liquid. The refrigeration system employed for GODU-LH2 was a Linde LR1620 piston-Brayton cycle machine with an RSX helium compressor. The GODU-LH2 system was installed in two separate shipping containers—one housing the cold-box, compressor, and gas management hardware, and the other the water chiller unit—with 480 VAC and 120 VAC electrical power fed from external hardware at the test site, and data capture and controls achieved using four different, independent software packages. From 2017 to 2019, in support of a densified hydrogen loading test program, the entire system was repackaged into a single, 40’ (12 m) shipping container, including the refrigeration system, water chiller, and electrical power distribution hardware, and controls were consolidated into a single Allen Bradley PanelView. Details regarding the design, build-out, and testing of the system will be presented and discussed.

W F Reaves↗
NASA NTRS1988

Description of a new full scale lightning simulation facility

A lightning test facility has been constructed in Utah, and the facility has initially been used to test and certify solid rocket motor (SRM) segment shipping containers. The simulator equipment consists of a 17-stage 1.7 MV Marx generator and three current generators. The performance of the Marx is enhanced by use of a distributed peaking capacitor to produce maximum dl/dt's in excess of 4 x 10 to the 11th Amps/sec into large test objects. The current generators consist of the following: (1) a 200 KA underdamped 500 kilojoule high current bank, (2) a critically damped intermediate current bank and (3) an over damped continuing current bank. Total charge transfer for these banks is 270 Coulombs with an action integral in excess of 8 x 10 to the 6th sq Amps-sec. Representative results for the simulator and SRM segment shipping containers are presented.

Papazian, Peter B.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Electrification Analysis: Container Ports' Cargo Handling Equipment

This one-page highlight details the key takeaways from a project that utilized NREL's Fleet Research, Energy Data, and Insights (FleetREDI) data analysis pipeline, the Electrification Analysis of Container Ports' Cargo Handling Equipment project. This project created a scalable solution to model energy demand per shipping container moved (kWh/TEU) for an all-electric cargo handling equipment fleet located at a maritime port. The model allows stakeholders to understand energy demand at each electric vehicle (EV) equipment level and is easily scalable to container demand and EV adoption rate projections.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Packaging Capacity Calculation: Pu Oxide Packaging Options with the 2 Quart SAVY Container

This calculation supports programmatic efforts to Dilute and Dispose Pu. Metal is to be oxidized at LANL, then transported to SRS for dilution at SRS. Ultimately, the diluted oxide will be disposed of at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). Currently 3013 containers are used to package the oxide, which are placed in to 9975 Type B shipping containers. The Oxide Packaging Technology Maturation Plan determined that a transition to the used of 2-qt SAVY containers placed in 9977 would increase efficiency in shipping and handling and increase programmatic flexibility. The 2-quart SAVY container meets DOE M 441.1 and TA-55 Documented Safety Analysis requirements for handling and storage of Pu oxide at LANL.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Raman Lidar (RL) Instrument Handbook

The Raman lidar at the ARM Climate Research Facility (ACRF) Southern Great Plains (SGP) Central Facility (SGPRL) is an active, ground-based laser remote sensing instrument that measures height and time resolved profiles of water vapor mixing ratio and several cloud- and aerosol-related quantities. The system is a non-commercial custom-built instrument developed by Sandia National Laboratories specifically for the ARM Program. It is fully computer automated, and will run unattended for many days following a brief (~5-minute) startup period. The self-contained system (requiring only external electrical power) is housed in a climate-controlled 8’x8’x20’ standard shipping container.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Mobile heat pipe cooled fast reactor system

A mobile heat pipe cooled fast nuclear reactor may be configured for transportation to remote locations and may be able to provide 0.5 to 2 megawatts of power. The mobile heat pipe cooled fast reactor may contain a plurality of heat pipes that are proximate to a plurality of fuel pins inside the reactor. The plurality of heat pipes may extend out of the reactor. The reactor may be configured to be placed in a standard shipping container, and may further be configured to be contained within a cask and attached to a skid for easier transportation.

McClure, Patrick Ray↗
NASA NTRS1974

In-harbor and at-sea electromagnetic compatibility survey for maritime satellite L-band shipboard terminal

Geostationary maritime satellites, one over the Pacific and one over the Atlantic Ocean, are planned to make available high-speed communications and navigation (position determination) services to ships at sea. A shipboard satellite terminal, operating within the authorized maritime L-band, 1636.5 to 1645.0 MHz, will allow ships to pass voice, teletype, facsimile, and data messages to shore communication facilities with a high degree of reliability. The shore-to-ship link will also operate in the maritime L-band from 1535.0 to 1543.5 MHz. A significant number or maritime/commercial ships are expected to be equipped with an L-band satellite terminal by the year 1980, and so consequently, there is an interest in determining electromagnetic compatibility between the proposed L-band shipboard terminal and existing, on-board, shipboard communications/electronics and electrical systems, as well as determining the influence of shore-based interference sources. The shipboard electromagnetic interference survey described was conducted on-board the United States Line's American Leader class (15,690 tons) commercial container ship, the "American Alliance" from June 16 to 20, 1974. Details of the test plan and measurements are given.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1985

Fabrication of optical components for the ultraviolet spectrometer and polarimeter on the Solar Maximum Mission

The Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) satellite was launched in February 1980 into a 573 km high circular orbit. It contains X-ray, UV, and optical instruments for the simultaneous observation of solar flares. The ultraviolet spectrometer and polarimeter (UVSP) is one of these instruments. The objectives of the UVSP require the employment of a raster scanning telescope to study the spatial dynamics of flares, the use of a high resolution spectrometer to select and scan spectral lines for temperature and velocity diagnostics, and the utilization of a polarimeter to measure magnetic fields in the solar transition zone. The present paper has the objective to provide a description of the optical fabrication techniques developed for the instrument. Attention is given to telescope mirrors, metering rods, the Ebert mirror, grating blanks, a four-mirror polarizer, beam splitter assemblies, beam splitter fabrication, deflector mirrors, and shipping containers.

Spencer, R. S.↗
NASA NTRS2022

A Novel High-Performance Mission-Enabling Multi-Purpose Radioisotope Heat Source

Recent studies indicate science mission concepts targeting access to the sub-surface oceans of icy moons require ice-penetrating cryobots powered by advanced Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS). These systems would deliver waste heat for ice-melting in the range of 10 kW. Minimizing the transit time through the kilometers-thick ice shells to just a few years requires these RPS to utilize heat sources having a higher thermal energy volumetric density than the existing flight-qualified General-Purpose Heat Source (GPHS). A Compact Heat Source (CPHS)has been conceptualized in which the graphite impact shells(GIS) of the existing GPHS are rearranged in a hexagonal aeroshell containing seven GIS per module, as opposed to the standard two per module; offering a thermal energy density of 0.57 W/cm3versus 0.29 W/cm3 offered by the GPHS simply from the repackaging of Technology Readiness Level (TRL)9 subassemblies. Preliminary thermal modeling of the CPHS integrated into a notional radioisotope thermoelectric generator(RTG) structure further suggests that centerline temperatures are well within allowable limits during nominal operation. Given the need for the CPHS for a subset of missions, it is worth exploring the applicability of the CPHS for more general RTG purposes. We discuss herein how the CPHS may be implemented with either heritage or in-development thermoelectric converter technologies into a Next-Generation RTG concept. Due to a higher energy density, the legacy heat rejection fin arrangement must be modified to permit a sufficiently low cold-side temperature. Preliminary finite element analysis suggests fin-root temperatures can be kept as low as 520 K while allowing the generator to fit within the usable dimensions of currently available United States Department of Energy shipping containers. Such temperatures would certainly be compatible with the use of high temperature thermoelectric converter technologies.. A prime candidate is the heritage silicon-germanium (SiGe) unicouple, whose design could be adapted by approximately halving the leg-length, but without changes in hot and cold junction interfaces, which are features critical to the proven performance and reliability of these devices. The estimated Beginning of Life power for a SiGe-based CPHS-RTG using 12 CPHS for a thermal inventory of 10.5 kW is greater than 600 W under deep space operating conditions. Using higher performance segmented couples currently in development that are based on skutterudite,La3−xTe4and 14-1-11 Zintl thermoelectric materials in lieu of the SiGe unicouples would increase the power level to more than1 kW. The high specific power (We/kg) attribute of CPHS-RTGs found in this study could potentially enable Radioisotope Electric Propulsion (REP) mission concepts. Past NASA REP mission concept studies identified specific power needs in excess of 6to 8 We/kg. Based on a GPHS-RTG-like system configuration, we show that at fin root temperatures between 530 K and 570K (deep space environment), specific powers exceeding 10 We/kg are achievable using high performance segmented thermoelectric converters. The compact sizing and power density of the CPHS-RTG would constitute a significant step upgrade in specific power when compared to heritage GPHS-RTG (approximately5.1 We/kg) and off-the-shelf Multi-Mission RTG (approximately 2.6 We/kg).

Nesmith, Bill J.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Effect of recycled fibers and shredded intermediates variation on the mechanical properties and energy absorption of fiber‐reinforced composite panels

Abstract The global composite industry generates large quantities of waste which mostly ends up in landfills due to a lack of established end‐use applications for multiple waste streams. The scrap from end‐of‐life (EoL) includes manufacturing waste such as dry chopped fiber tows, loose fibers, shredded fibers from fabric textile operations, cured/semi‐cured prepregs, and fully cured composite structure waste from aircraft, automobiles, wind blades, boats, and pressure vessels. In this work, different composite waste streams were reduced to shredded intermediates, followed by simple blending, and subjected to wet compression molding to produce composite panels. The panels/plaques were tested for mechanical properties (flexure and impact), fiber‐matrix wet‐out, and property bounds. It was found that wet‐compression molding was a viable and scale‐able approach to produce recycled panels from EoL composites shredded scrap. Furthermore, full‐scale size panels for use in truck bodies and intermodal shipping container flooring were manufactured and their impact resistance was tested using a drop weight impact test. They were tested both for high‐ and low‐velocity load. In the case of high‐velocity load, the average impact load was 14,673 N; the average absorbed energy was 101.6 J; the average elastic energy was 11.7 J and the impact resistance was 1065 J/m. In the case of the low‐velocity drop weight impact test, it was found that the average impact load was 7877.358 N; the average absorbed energy was 9.718 J; the average elastic energy was 9.14 J, and the impact resistance was 184.1 J/m. The shredded composite was shown to be a candidate material for the manufacture of truck bodies and intermodal containers’ flooring panels. Highlights By using shredded intermediates from different composite waste streams, it is possible to manufacture composite panels. Wet–compression process is an appropriate technique for manufacturing recycled fiber composite panels. Regardless of the source of scrap, the mechanical properties of the produced composite panels were improved. The recycling process technology can be transformed to commercial scale to produce full‐size transportation flooring panels. A product pathway is established in consideration of lower cost and improved recyclability.

Vaidya, Uday↗
DOE OSTI2022

Passive heat removal in horizontally oriented micro-HTGRs

There are novel, horizontally oriented high-temperature gas-cooled micro-reactor (HTGR) designs under consideration because of their portability, simplicity, and reliable operation. These features of the micro-HTGR design can meet the fission battery attributes, such as economic, standardize, installed, unattended and reliable. Although there have been HTGR related safety studies, micro-HTGRs when horizontally oriented are expected to exhibit significantly different thermal physics. During the unavailability of helium circulation, the internal reactor core is designed to cool by block-to-block conduction and radiation, and the reactor vessel surface is cooled by the ambient air. This scenario is anticipated during the transport of the micro-HTGR in a shipping container. The conduction and radiation between the prismatic micro-HTGR blocks in the core can be influenced by variances in the thermal contacts. This work investigated the conduction within a simulated horizontal HTGR core. An experimental setup was used to validate a numerical model. The experimental setup consisted of a hexagonal assembly with scaled prismatic blocks placed within a high-temperature vacuum environment. The gaps between the blocks were well controlled and monitored. The experimental setup was designed in such a way that the temperature variation in the axial direction was minimal, such that the experiment could be observed as a 2D (r, ) heat transfer problem. The pressurized tube was equipped with Infra-Red (IR) transparent windows, and an IR camera was used to capture the spatio-temporal temperature evolution in the hexagonal block assembly during the cooldown experiments. The experimental scenario was computationally modeled with a finite element analysis (FEA) program. Once validated, the computational model was used to investigate the impact of gap conductance on overall decay heat removal. Using a conservative estimate for gap conductance value (100 W/m 2 -K) between the prismatic blocks, there is a negligible increase in temperature observed during decay heat generation.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Acetolysis for Epoxy-Amine Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Recycling

Carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are used in many applications in the global energy transition, including for lightweighting aircraft and vehicles and in wind turbine blades, shipping containers and gas storage vessels1,2,3,4. Given the high cost and energy-intensive manufacture of CFRPs5,6,7, recycling strategies are needed that recover intact carbon fibres and the epoxy-amine resin components. Here we show that acetic acid efficiently depolymerizes both aliphatic and aromatic epoxy-amine thermosets used in CFRPs to recoverable monomers, yielding pristine carbon fibres. Deconstruction of materials from multiple sectors demonstrates the broad applicability of this approach, providing clean fibres from 2 h reactions. The optimal conditions were scaled to 80.0 g of post-consumer CFRPs, and demonstrative composites were fabricated from the recycled carbon fibres, which were recycled two more times, maintaining their strength throughout. Process modelling and techno-economic analysis, with feedstock cost informed by wind turbine blade waste generation8, indicates this method is cost effective, with a minimum selling price of US$1.50 per kg for recycled carbon fibres whereas life cycle assessment shows process greenhouse gas emissions around 99% lower than virgin carbon fibre production. Overall, this approach could enable recycling of industrial CFRPs as it provides clean, mechanically viable recycled carbon fibres and recoverable resin monomers from the thermoset.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2023

The Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of LB650 Cavities

The 650 MHz cavities have a stronger requirement of niobium mechanical properties because of the geometric shape of the cavity due to reduced beta. The mechanical property of the niobium half-cell was measured following various heat treatments. The 5-cell cavities were tested in a controlled drop test fashion and the real-world road test. The result showed that the 900C heat treatment was compatible with cavity handling and transportation during production. The test provides the bases of the transportation specification and shipping container design guidelines.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

First ARM Mobile Facility (AMF1) Aerosol Observing System (AOS01) Instrument Handbook

The U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility Mobile Aerosol Observing System – Aerosols (MAOS-A), designated AOS01, entered service in March of 2012 at the Los Alamos National Laboratory for the Pajarito Aerosol Coupling to Ecosystems (PACE) field campaign. The Aerosol Observing System is meant to be a standalone, completely autonomous, aerosol sampling system. It requires only power, 208VAC 1φ or 440 VAC 1φ, and an internet connection to be operational. The physical structure is a standard-sized shipping container, 20 feet long by 8 feet wide. Inside, the walls, ceiling, and floor are insulated using >3.5” of spray polyurethane foam with an R-value of 6.2/inch of insulation. The interior walls, floor and ceiling are lined with ¾” plywood for durability and have integrated unistrut for mounting equipment.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

The Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of LB650 cavities

The PIP-II project’s LB650 cavities could potentially be vulnerable to mechanical deformation because of the geometric shape of the cavity due to reduced beta. The mechanical property of the niobium half-cell was measured following various heat treatments. The 5-cell cavities were tested in a controlled drop test fashion and the real-world road test. The result showed that the 900 C heat treatment was compatible with cavity handling and transportation during production. The test provides the bases of the transportation specification and shipping container design guidelines.

Holzbauer, J.↗
DOE OSTI2023

SnowPixel SAIL Field Campaign Report

Between March 20, 1000, 2022 and March 23 0700, 2022, the SnowPixel was deployed at the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility’s Surface Atmosphere Integrated Field Laboratory (SAIL) site in Gothic, Colorado. These dates were chosen for deployment based on a forecasted 6” of snow at nearby Crested Butte mountain resort. The SnowPixel was mounted atop a shipping container ~3m above the ground as shown in Figure 1. The field conditions during deployment were primarily sunny and clear, with episodes of light intermittent snow. By the time SnowPixel was taken down, approximately ¼” of snow had fallen. Logistical and travel difficulties between the University of Utah and Gothic prevented any further attempts at field data collection in Gothic.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

SAIL-Isotopologue (SAIL-iso) Field Campaign Report

The SAIL-iso project took place from November 19, 2022 to June 3, 2023 as part of the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility’s Surface Atmosphere Integrated Field Laboratory (SAIL) project at the main project site in Gothic, Colorado. The project sought to use measurements of the stable isotopic composition of water vapor to better understand cloud-aerosol interactions in a remote mountainous watershed. Water vapor isotopologue and humidity measurements were determined using a Los Gatos Research Triple Water Vapor Isotope Analyzer (TWVIA). The instrument was deployed in the guest van and consists of three main components: a water vapor isotope analyzer, a Los Gatos Research Water Vapor Isotope Standard Source (WVISS), and a Los Gatos Research Dry Air Source. Ambient air samples were collected through an inlet located about one meter above roof of the shipping container. Samples were then delivered to the analyzer through Teflon tubing by use of an external pump to minimize the transport time between the inlet and analyzer. The inlet tubing was surrounded by a Briskheat heat trace and insulating material to ensure ambient air samples did not fall below the dew point and result in condensation. The analyzer uses cavity ringdown spectroscopy to report isotopic ratios of ambient air samples at a frequency of 1 Hz. The calibration unit of the instrument was used in conjunction with the dry air source to periodically measure the δ values of standard waters. It uses a nebulizer to push small water droplets into a hot chamber that vaporizes the water without fractionation. This vapor was then transported to the analyzer using a built-in compressor and the dry air source, which allows each standard with known δ values to be measured at a wide range of humidity values for post-measurement calibration of ambient air samples. Multiple sources of uncertainty are introduced at different stages during the data collection and processing. These include (1) instrument precision, (2) uncertainty in the secondary standards, (3) humidity-correction uncertainty, and (4) Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water – Standard Light Antarctic Precipitation (VSMOW-SLAP) calibration uncertainty. Uncertainty from each step is propagated in quadrature to calculate a total uncertainty of each isotopologue. Uncertainty was determined to be 2.3‰ for δD and 0.4‰ for δ 18 O.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗