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32 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Rb4CdCl6 by Materials Project

Rb4CdCl6 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Rb1+ sites. In the first Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.22–3.67 Å. In the second Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.18–3.91 Å. In the third Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Cl1- atoms. There are two shorter (3.12 Å) and four longer (3.47 Å) Rb–Cl bond lengths. Cd2+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four Cl1- atoms. There are two shorter (2.50 Å) and two longer (2.63 Å) Cd–Cl bond lengths. There are three inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four Rb1+ and one Cd2+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to four Rb1+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ClRb4 trigonal pyramids. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Rb1+ and one Cd2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Electrolyte compositions comprising ionic liquids and metal hydride batteries comprising same

Electrolyte compositions comprising a) an ionic liquid and b) a protic acid and/or an organic solvent are suitable for use in electrochemical cells, e.g. metal hydride batteries. The electrolyte compositions may replace the currently employed 30% by weight aqueous KOH. Suitable protic acids include carboxylic acids, mineral acids, sulfonic acids and the like. Suitable organic solvents include organic carbonates, ethers, glymes, ortho esters, polyalkylene glycols, esters, lactones, glycols, formates, sulfones, sulfoxides, amides, alcohols, ketones, nitro solvents, nitrile solvents and combinations thereof. Present batteries may achieve a nominal open-circuit voltage of >1.2 V (volts) and up to about 6 V. The electrolyte compositions allow enlargement of the electrochemical window, thus allowing the use of further cathode active materials. Further cathode active materials include transition metals and their oxides, hydroxides and fluorides; for example, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt and Au and their oxides, hydroxides, oxide/hydroxides and fluorides.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd2Ni(ClO2)6 by Materials Project

(CdCl2)2Ni(O3Cl)2(O2)3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Fdd2 space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of twenty-four hydrogen peroxide molecules; eight Ni(O3Cl)2 clusters; and eight CdCl2 ribbons oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. In each Ni(O3Cl)2 cluster, Ni is bonded in a distorted trigonal pyramidal geometry to four O atoms. There are two shorter (1.82 Å) and two longer (2.23 Å) Ni–O bond lengths. There are three inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni and one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.66 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.24 Å. In the third O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. In each CdCl2 ribbon, Cd is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four Cl atoms. There are two shorter (2.56 Å) and two longer (2.58 Å) Cd–Cl bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two equivalent Cd atoms. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two equivalent Cd atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1997

Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice Concentrations from Multichannel Passive-Microwave Satellite Data Sets: October 1978-September 1995 User's Guide

Satellite multichannel passive-microwave sensors have provided global radiance measurements with which to map, monitor, and study the Arctic and Antarctic polar sea ice covers. The data span over 18 years (as of April 1997), starting with the launch of the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) on NASA's SeaSat A and Nimbus 7 in 1978 and continuing with the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSMI) series beginning in 1987. It is anticipated that the DMSP SSMI series will continue into the 21st century. The SSMI series will be augmented by new, improved sensors to be flown on Japanese and U.S. space platforms. This User's Guide provides a description of a new sea ice concentration data set generated from observations made by three of these multichannel sensors. The data set includes gridded daily ice concentrations (every-other-day for the SMMR data) for both the north and south polar regions from October 26, 1978 through September 30, 1995, with the one exception of a 6-week data gap from December 3, 1987 through January 12, 1988. The data have been placed on two CD-ROMs that include a ReadMeCD file giving the technical details on the file format, file headers, north and south polar grids, ancillary data sets, and directory structure of the CD-ROM. The CD-ROMS will be distributed by the National Snow and Ice Data Center in Boulder, CO.

Sea ice concentration↗
NASA NTRS2013

Modelling of Equilibrium Between Mantle and Core: Refractory, Volatile, and Highly Siderophile Elements

Siderophile elements have been used to constrain conditions of core formation and differentiation for the Earth, Mars and other differentiated bodies [1]. Recent models for the Earth have concluded that the mantle and core did not fully equilibrate and the siderophile element contents of the mantle can only be explained under conditions where the oxygen fugacity changes from low to high during accretion and the mantle and core do not fully equilibrate [2,3]. However these conclusions go against several physical and chemical constraints. First, calculations suggest that even with the composition of accreting material changing from reduced to oxidized over time, the fO2 defined by metal-silicate equilibrium does not change substantially, only by approximately 1 logfO2 unit [4]. An increase of more than 2 logfO2 units in mantle oxidation are required in models of [2,3]. Secondly, calculations also show that metallic impacting material will become deformed and sheared during accretion to a large body, such that it becomes emulsified to a fine scale that allows equilibrium at nearly all conditions except for possibly the length scale for giant impacts [5] (contrary to conclusions of [6]). Using new data for D(Mo) metal/silicate at high pressures, together with updated partitioning expressions for many other elements, we will show that metal-silicate equilibrium across a long span of Earth s accretion history may explain the concentrations of many siderophile elements in Earth's mantle. The modeling includes refractory elements Ni, Co, Mo, and W, as well as highly siderophile elements Au, Pd and Pt, and volatile elements Cd, In, Bi, Sb, Ge and As.

Righter, K.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Mechanistic Studies of Ligand Substitution, Linkage Isomerism, and Insertion Reactions in Electron Rich Pd(II) Complexes of a Zwitterionic Diimine Ligand

We have prepared cationic palladium complexes possessing a new zwitterionic ligand bis-N,N’–1-(2,4,6-triphenylpyridyl) oxalamide [(N ^ N)Pd(Me)(L)] + [BArF] - , (BArF=3,5-(CF 3 ) 2 C 6 H 3 , L=NCMe, CO). The structure of [(N ^ N)Pd(Me)(CO)] + [BArF] - was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Energy Decomposition Analysis (EDA) indi-cates this N ^ N zwitterionic ligand is more electron-donating relative to bidentate diimine ligands. Low temperature NMR analysis shows the existence of linkage isomers with the N ^ N isomer the most stable. Structures were assigned using NMR and DFT analysis. Barriers to interconversion of isomers are ΔG ‡ = 10-12 kcal/mol. Kinetics of acetoni-trile displacement from [(N ^ N)Pd(Me)(NCCH 3 )] + [BArF] - by CD 3 CN, ethylene and t Bu 3 P were measured and mechanisms of exchange determined. The ethylene complex, [(N ^ N)Pd(Me)(C 2 H 4 )] + was generated at -45 °C, and the barrier of migrato-ry insertion determined at 0 °C (ΔG ‡ = 23.4 kcal/mol) and compared to related diimine complexes. The methyl carbonyl complex undergoes migratory insertion in the presence of CO at -70 to -55 °C (ΔG ‡ = ca. 15.7 kcal/mol) to yield the acyl carbonyl complex. Furthermore, the neutral bis-trimethylsilylmethyl complex [(N ^ N)Pd(CH 2 SiMe 3 ) 2 was prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. It displays dynamic behavior at very low temperatures in the NMR spectrum (-90 °C, ΔG ‡ =7.9 kcal/mol) which, supported by DFT analysis, is ascribed to rotation of the bulky -CH 2 SiMe 3 groups.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Water Network Shape-Dependence of Local Interactions with the Microhydrated –NO 2 – and –CO 2 – Anionic Head Groups by Cold Ion Vibrational Spectroscopy

We report the structural evolutions of water networks and solvatochromic response of the CH 3 NO 2 – radical anion in the OH and CH stretching regions by analysis of the vibrational spectra displayed by cryogenically cooled CH 3 NO 2 – ·(H 2 O) n=1–6 clusters. The OH stretching bands evolve with a surprisingly large discontinuity at n = 6, which features the emergence of an intense, strongly red-shifted band along with a weaker feature that appears in the region assigned to a free OH fundamental. Very similar behavior is displayed by the perdeuterated carboxylate clusters, RCO 2 – ·(H 2 O) n=5–7 (R = CD 3 CD 2 ), indicating that this behavior is a general feature in the microhydration of the triatomic anionic domain and not associated with CH oscillators. Electronic structure calculations trace this behavior to the formation of a “book” isomer of the water hexamer that adopts a configuration in which one of the water molecules resides in an acceptor–acceptor–donor (AAD) (A = acceptor, D = donor) H-bonding site. Excitation of the bound OH in the AAD site explores the local network topology best suited to stabilize an incipient –XO 2 H–OH–(H 2 O) 2 intracluster proton-transfer reaction. These systems thus provide particularly clear examples where the network shape controls the potential energy landscape that governs water network-mediated, intracluster proton transfer. The CH stretching bands of the CH 3 NO 2 – ·(H 2 O) n=1–6 clusters also exhibit strong solvatochromic shifts, but in this case, they smoothly blue-shift with increasing hydration with no discontinuity at n = 6. Furthermore, this behavior is analyzed in the context of the solute-ion polarizability response and partial charge transfer to the water networks.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Mg30CdCoO32 by Materials Project

Mg30CoCdO32 is alpha Po-derived structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent Mg2+ sites. In the first Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, corners with four MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are four shorter (2.12 Å) and two longer (2.14 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the second Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CdO6 octahedra, corners with four MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are two shorter (2.02 Å) and four longer (2.16 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the third Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. All Mg–O bond lengths are 2.14 Å. In the fourth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are four shorter (2.12 Å) and two longer (2.15 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the fifth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CoO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CdO6 octahedra, and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–6°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.13–2.17 Å. In the sixth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. There are five shorter (2.14 Å) and one longer (2.15 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the seventh Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CoO6 octahedra, and edges with eleven MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. There are four shorter (2.14 Å) and two longer (2.15 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the eighth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CdO6 octahedra, and edges with eleven MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–6°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.12–2.16 Å. Co2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CdO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are two shorter (2.07 Å) and four longer (2.16 Å) Co–O bond lengths. Cd2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CdO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are two shorter (2.22 Å) and four longer (2.26 Å) Cd–O bond lengths. There are nine inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one Co2+ atom to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OMg5Co octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one Cd2+ atom to form OMg5Cd octahedra that share corners with six OMg5Co octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5Cd octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one Cd2+ atom to form OMg5Cd octahedra that share corners with six OMg5Co octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5Cd octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. There are two shorter (2.16 Å) and two longer (2.17 Å) O–Mg bond lengths. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent OMg6 octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5Co octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to four equivalent Mg2+, one Co2+, and one Cd2+ atom to form OMg4CdCo octahedra that share corners with six OMg4CdCo octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5Co octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six OMg4CdCo octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5Co octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

K–Co–Mo–S x chalcogel: high-capacity removal of Pb 2+ and Ag + and the underlying mechanisms

Chalcogenide-based aerogels, known as chalcogels, represent a novel class of nanoparticle-based porous amorphous materials characterized by high surface polarizability and Lewis base properties, exhibiting promising applications in clean energy and separation science. This work presents a K–Co–Mo–S x (KCMS) chalcogel as a highly efficient sorbent for heavy metal ions and details its sorption mechanisms. Its incoherent structure comprises Mo 2 V (S 2 ) 6 and Mo 3 IV S(S 6 ) 2 anion-like clusters with four- and six-coordinated Co–S polyhedra, forming a Co–Mo–S covalent network that hosts K + ions through electrostatic attraction. The interactions of KCMS with heavy metal ions, particularly Pb 2+ and Ag + , reveal that KCMS is exceptionally effective in removing these ions from ppm concentrations down to trace levels (≤5 ppb). KCMS rapidly removes Ag + (≈81.7%) and Pb 2+ (≈99.5%) within five minutes, achieving >99.9% removal within an hour, with a distribution constant K d ≥10 8 mL g -1 . KCMS exhibits an impressive removal capacity of 1378 mg g -1 for Ag + and 1146 mg g -1 for Pb 2+ , establishing it as one of the most effective materials known to date for heavy metal removal. This material is also effective for the removal of Ag + and Pb 2+ along with Hg 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Cd 2+ from various water sources even in the presence of highly concentrated and chemically diverse cations, anions, and organic species. Analysis of the post-interacted KCMS by synchrotron X-ray pair distribution function (PDF), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed that the sorption of Pb 2+ , Ag + , and Hg 2+ mainly occurs by the exchange of K + and Co 2+ . Despite being amorphous, this material exhibits unprecedented ion-exchange mechanisms both for the ionically and covalently bound K + and Co 2+ , respectively. In conclusion, this discovery advances our knowledge of amorphous gels and guides material synthesis principles for the highly selective and efficient removal of heavy metal ions from water.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Circularly Polarized Light-Induced Microwave Conductivity Measurement: Rapid Screening Technique of Electronic Conductivity in Chiral Molecular Materials

Here, we developed circularly polarized light-time-resolved microwave conductivity (CPL-TRMC) for investigation of the CPL-dependent photoinduced charge carrier dynamics in chiral materials with chiroptical properties. Chiral R- or S-perylenediimide (PDI) molecular thin films were paired with handedness-sorted (6,5) and (11,-5) single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films to compose a donor (D)-acceptor (A) system for the spin-dependent charge separation process, and the D-A system was examined through linear and circular polarization-dependent steady-state and time-resolved measurements. The R-PDI-(6,5) film exhibited strong enhancement in circular dichroism (CD) and revealed a reversed transient conductivity signal, relative to the polarity of CD in CPL-TRMC measurement upon excitation of the E 11 state, which is interpreted as arising from a spin-dependent initial charge separation process. Through linear polarization-dependent flash photolysis TRMC and circular polarization-resolved femtosecond transient absorption, we could deduce that sub-picosecond intertubular charge separation upon E 11 excitation in SWCNT was responsible for the spin-dependent photoconductivity transients observed in CPL-TRMC measurements.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2026

Cation Data for the East River Watershed, Colorado (2014-2025)

This data package contains mean values for cation concentration for water samples taken from the East River Watershed in Colorado. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been used to measure the concentrations of elements of interest simultaneously for the East River Watershed, Colorado groundwater and surface water samples to inform insights on the biogeochemistry processes within the watershed. The East River is part of the Watershed Function Scientific Focus Area (WFSFA) located in the Upper Colorado River Basin, United States. For samples collected prior to 06-16-2021, the instrumentation, Elan DRC II, PerkinElmer SCIEX, automatically switches among the three models necessary to analyze all 37 elements. These 37 elements include: (1) Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be), Boron (B), Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Aluminium (Al), Silicon (Si), Phosphorus (P), Titanium (Ti), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic (As), Rubidium (Rb), Strontium (Sr), Zirconium (Zr), Molybdenum (Mo), Silver (Ag), Cadmium (Cd), Tin (Sn), Antimony (Sb), Caesium (Cs), Barium (Ba), Europium (Eu), Lead (Pb), Thorium (Th), Uranium (U) using standard model, argon Ar as reaction gas, (2) Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Vanadium (V), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe) using dynamic reaction cell (DRC) model, ammonia NH3 as reaction gas, and (3) Phosphorus (P) and Selenium (Se) using DRC model, oxygen O2 as reaction gas. Note for the samples with higher concentrations of chloride (Cl-), asenic (As) concentrations were analysed with DRC model (oxygen O2 as reaction gas) to avoid the interference of chloride. For samples collected on and after 06-16-2021, an advanced Agilent 8900 triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry system (Agilent 8900 QQQ ICP-MS, Agilent Technologies) has been used to measure the concentrations of interested 36 elements simultaneously for environmental samples, including (1) Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be) and Boron (B) using standard no gas mode, (2) Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Aluminium (Al) Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic (As), Rubidium (Rb), Strontium (Sr), Zirconium (Zr), Molybdenum (Mo), Silver (Ag), Cadmium (Cd), Tin (Sn), Antimony (Sb), Cesium (Cs), Barium (Ba), Europium (Eu), Lead (Pb), Thorium (Th) and Uranium (U) using standard helium (He) collision mode, (3) Titanium (Ti) and Vanadium (V) using high Energy (HEHe) helium (He) collision mode, and (4) Silicon (Si), Calcium (Ca) and Selenium (Se) using standard H2 reaction mode. All samples were prepared/diluted with 2% (v/v) ultrapure nitric acid in Milli-Q water (18.2 mega ohm-cm), and analyzed under a rigorous quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) process. This data package contains (1) a zip file (cation_data_2014_2025.zip) containing a total of 5,849 files: 5.848 data files of cation data from across the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) Watershed Function Scientific Focus Area (SFA) which is reported in .csv files per location and a locations.csv (1 file) with latitude and longitude for each location; (2) a file-level metadata (v6_20260901_flmd.csv) file that lists each file contained in the dataset with associated metadata; (3) a data dictionary (v6_20260901_dd.csv) file that contains terms/column_headers used throughout the files along with a definition, units, and data type; (4) PDF and docx files for the detemination of Method Detection Limits (MDLs) for ICP-MS PerkinElmer DRC II instrumentation (Detemination_of_Method_Detection_Limits__MDLs__for_ICP_MS__PerkinElmer_Elan_DRC_II__LBL_Bldg74_Lab214D) for samples before November 2021; (5) PDF and docx files for the determination of MDLs for ICP-MS Agilent 8900 QQQ instrumentation (ICP_MS_Analysis_detection_limits_and_QA_QC_WenmingDong_updated_2026-08-06) for samples November 2021 and onward. Missing values within the anion data files are noted as either "-9999" or "0.0" for not detectable (N.D.) data. There are a total of 113 locations containing cation data. Update on 2021-04-11: Added Detemination of Method Detection Limits (MDLs) for ICP-MS document, which can be accessed as a PDF or with Microsoft Word. Update on 2022-06-10: versioned updates to this dataset was made along with these changes: (1) updated cation data for all locations up to 2021-12-31, (2) removal of units from column headers in datafiles, (3) added row underneath headers to contain units of variables, (4) removed suffix and prefix on two variables (“aqberylliumion_asberyllium” and “aqlithiumion_aslithium”), (5) added -9999 for empty numerical cells, and (6) the addition of the file-level metadata (flmd.csv) and data dictionary (dd.csv) were added to comply with the File-Level Metadata Reporting Format. Update on 2022-09-09: Updates were made to reporting format specific files (file-level metadata and data dictionary) to correct swapped file names, add additional details on metadata descriptions on both files, add a header_row column to enable parsing, and add version number and date to file names (v2_20220909_flmd.csv and v2_20220909_dd.csv). Update on 2023-08-08: Updates were made to both the data files and reporting format specific files. New available anion data was added, up until 2023-01-05. The file level metadata and data dictionary files were updated to reflect the additional data added. Update on 2024-03-11: Updates were made to both the data files and reporting format specific files. New available anion data was added, up until 2023-10-16. Further, revisions to the data files were made to remove incorrect data points (from 1970 and 2001). The reporting format specific files were updated to reflect the additional data added. Updated versions of the PDF and docx files for determination of MDLs for ICP-MS data were added to this dataset for samples starting in November 2021. Update on 2025-05-15: Updates were made to both the data files and reporting format specific files. New available cation data was added, up until the end of WY2024 (September 30, 2024). International Generic Sample Numbers (IGSNs), when registered, were added to the data files. The reporting format specific files were updated to reflect the additional data added. Update on 2026-09-01: Updates were made to both the data files and reporting format specific files. New available cation data was added, up until the end of WY2025 (September 30, 2025). Updated versions, as of 2026-08-06, of the PDF and docx files for determination of MDLs for ICP-MS data were added to this dataset for samples starting in November 2021.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Origin of Stabilization of Ligand-Centered Mixed Valence Ruthenium Azopyridine Complexes: DFT Insights for Neuromorphic Applications

Redox-driven conductance changes are critical processes in molecular- and coordination-complex-based memristive thin films and devices that are envisioned for neuromorphic technologies, but fundamental mechanisms of conductance switching are not fully understood. Here, we explore charge disproportionation (CD) processes in [Ru II L 2 ](PF 6 ) 2 molecular systems that intrinsically involve interfragment charge transfer (IFCT). Using a combination of ab initio molecular dynamics simulation (AIMD), time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we investigate the electron transfer mechanisms and the roles of temperature and cell volumetric expansion in facilitating the counterion movements and electronic transitions required for low-cost IFCT and charge redistribution. A detailed analysis of the density of states and TD-DFT calculations highlights that unpaired electrons play a crucial role in low-energy transitions, with the azo (N=N) groups of the ligand serving as the primary sites for electronic transport between molecular fragments, further stabilizing the asymmetric state. Localization of added electrons on azo ligands occurs with negligible change at the Ru centers, supported by atomic volume expansions up to +4.74 bohr 3 , and goes along with a progressive reduction of the HOMO−LUMO gap across redox states, suggesting enhanced conductivity. The TD-DFT analysis reveals a dominant IFCT excitation at 2082.76 nm in the doubly reduced (22) state, while a stabilization energy of 1.20 eV of the asymmetric (13) state relative to the symmetric (22) state is predicted by constrained DFT. Periodic DFT and AIMD simulations emulating a molecular film show that the stabilization of the asymmetric state, relative to a symmetric one, translates in net charge separation values (order of ∼0.33 e) that are strongly linked to increased counterion mobility (average counterion displacements exceeding 0.7 Å per atom during CD events) and the involvement of azo groups in electron redistribution. These findings, which align with previously reported experimental and computational data, provide key insights into the IFCT mechanisms and electronic transport facilitated by azo groups, with important implications for redox-driven memristive and neuromorphic technologies.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Na2Cd3P4NClO14 by Materials Project

(Na2Cd3P4O14Cl)2N2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of four ammonia molecules and one Na2Cd3P4O14Cl framework. In the Na2Cd3P4O14Cl framework, Na1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.75 Å. There are two inequivalent Cd2+ sites. In the first Cd2+ site, Cd2+ is bonded to five O2- and one Cl1- atom to form distorted CdClO5 octahedra that share corners with two CdClO5 octahedra, corners with five PO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one CdCl2O4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 10–85°. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.27–2.37 Å. The Cd–Cl bond length is 2.88 Å. In the second Cd2+ site, Cd2+ is bonded to four O2- and two equivalent Cl1- atoms to form distorted CdCl2O4 octahedra that share corners with four CdClO5 octahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent CdClO5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–85°. There are two shorter (2.19 Å) and two longer (2.37 Å) Cd–O bond lengths. There are one shorter (2.68 Å) and one longer (2.74 Å) Cd–Cl bond lengths. There are two inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four CdClO5 octahedra and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 42–55°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.53–1.63 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three CdClO5 octahedra and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 48–55°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.62 Å. There are seven inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na1+, one Cd2+, and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na1+, one Cd2+, and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cd2+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Na1+, one Cd2+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Cd2+ and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Na1+, one Cd2+, and one P5+ atom. Cl1- is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four Cd2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CdHg6(Sb2I3)2 by Materials Project

Hg6Cd(Sb2I3)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are seven inequivalent Hg2+ sites. In the first Hg2+ site, Hg2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two Sb2- and four I1- atoms. There are one shorter (2.77 Å) and one longer (2.79 Å) Hg–Sb bond lengths. There are a spread of Hg–I bond distances ranging from 3.17–3.88 Å. In the second Hg2+ site, Hg2+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Sb2- and three I1- atoms. Both Hg–Sb bond lengths are 2.80 Å. There are two shorter (3.21 Å) and one longer (3.84 Å) Hg–I bond lengths. In the third Hg2+ site, Hg2+ is bonded to two Sb2- and three I1- atoms to form distorted HgSb2I3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five HgSb2I4 octahedra, corners with two equivalent CdI4 tetrahedra, and corners with two SbHg3Sb tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–81°. There are one shorter (2.79 Å) and one longer (2.80 Å) Hg–Sb bond lengths. There are a spread of Hg–I bond distances ranging from 2.99–3.58 Å. In the fourth Hg2+ site, Hg2+ is bonded to two equivalent Sb2- and four I1- atoms to form HgSb2I4 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent HgSb2I4 octahedra, corners with two equivalent CdI4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent SbHg3Sb tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent HgSb2I3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two equivalent HgSb2I4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 78°. Both Hg–Sb bond lengths are 2.78 Å. There are two shorter (3.31 Å) and two longer (3.56 Å) Hg–I bond lengths. In the fifth Hg2+ site, Hg2+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Sb2- and three I1- atoms. There are one shorter (2.81 Å) and one longer (2.83 Å) Hg–Sb bond lengths. There are a spread of Hg–I bond distances ranging from 2.96–3.62 Å. In the sixth Hg2+ site, Hg2+ is bonded to two Sb2- and four I1- atoms to form HgSb2I4 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one HgSb2I4 octahedra, corners with two equivalent CdI4 tetrahedra, corners with two SbHg3Sb tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent HgSb2I3 trigonal bipyramids, and an edgeedge with one HgSb2I4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 78°. There are one shorter (2.77 Å) and one longer (2.79 Å) Hg–Sb bond lengths. There are a spread of Hg–I bond distances ranging from 3.51–3.79 Å. In the seventh Hg2+ site, Hg2+ is bonded to two equivalent Sb2- and four I1- atoms to form HgSb2I4 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent SbHg3Sb tetrahedra, corners with four equivalent HgSb2I3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two equivalent CdI4 tetrahedra. Both Hg–Sb bond lengths are 2.78 Å. There are two shorter (3.69 Å) and two longer (3.72 Å) Hg–I bond lengths. Cd2+ is bonded to four I1- atoms to form CdI4 tetrahedra that share corners with three HgSb2I4 octahedra, corners with two equivalent HgSb2I3 trigonal bipyramids, and an edgeedge with one HgSb2I4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 63–93°. There are a spread of Cd–I bond distances ranging from 2.83–2.88 Å. There are four inequivalent Sb2- sites. In the first Sb2- site, Sb2- is bonded to three Hg2+ and one Sb2- atom to form SbHg3Sb tetrahedra that share corners with three SbHg3Sb tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one HgSb2I3 trigonal bipyramid. The Sb–Sb bond length is 2.93 Å. In the second Sb2- site, Sb2- is bonded to three Hg2+ and one Sb2- atom to form SbHg3Sb tetrahedra that share corners with two HgSb2I4 octahedra and corners with three SbHg3Sb tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 70–71°. The Sb–Sb bond length is 2.97 Å. In the third Sb2- site, Sb2- is bonded to three Hg2+ and one Sb2- atom to form SbHg3Sb tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one HgSb2I4 octahedra and corners with three SbHg3Sb tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 75°. The Sb–Sb bond length is 2.93 Å. In the fourth Sb2- site, Sb2- is bonded to three Hg2+ and one Sb2- atom to form SbHg3Sb tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one HgSb2I4 octahedra, corners with three SbHg3Sb tetrahedra, and a cornercorner with one HgSb2I3 trigonal bipyramid. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 78°. The Sb–Sb bond length is 2.90 Å. There are six inequivalent I1- sites. In the first I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three Hg2+ and one Cd2+ atom. In the second I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Hg2+ and one Cd2+ atom. In the third I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four Hg2+ and one Cd2+ atom. In the fourth I1- site, I1- is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four Hg2+ atoms. In the fifth I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Hg2+ and one Cd2+ atom. In the sixth I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Hg2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗