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System and method for engine control with pressure reactive device to control combustion timing
The present disclosure relates to a system for controlling ignition of an intake charge directed into an internal combustion engine. The system may have a movable component operably associated with at least one of a piston of the engine or a combustion chamber of the engine. The movable component may be tuned to deflect in response to a predetermined pressure being reached in a cylinder in which the piston is housed. The movable component operates to deflect in response to the predetermined pressure being reached in the cylinder as the piston travels toward top dead center during its compression stroke, to change a compression ratio of the engine.
Smart Semi-Supervised Accumulation of Large Repositories for Industrial Control Systems Device Information
Industrial Control Systems device manufacturers frequently add new features to improve their product performance. Oftentimes, these changes are mainly vendor-driven initiatives, and customers may not be aware of the full impact of these new capabilities on their cybersecurity posture. In the energy sector, this can lead to considerable dissonance between vendor-provided cybersecurity claims and a customer’s responsibility for Operation Technology cybersecurity compliance. Thus, the resulting dynamic verification burden is shifted towards the customer and may pose a significant cybersecurity risk to the energy sector landscape. We found that there is very limited research into cybersecurity auditing for Operational Technology. However, a solution is needed for vetting the vendor-supplied feature claims and their adherence to cybersecurity requirements and standards. We are presently engaged in an effort to develop such a system. This paper demonstrates one vital aspect of this effort in proposing an end-to-end framework to accumulate a large repository of ICS device information for this vetting system, curate the dataset, and conduct extensive processing. This framework is designed to use web scraping, data analytics and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to identify vendor websites, automate the collection of website-accessible documents and automatically derive metadata from them for identification of product documents relevant to the repository. We have found that this automated approach to vendor identification, document extraction into a product repository, and NLP pre-processing is unique and has not been previously presented in the literature. The preliminary work shows that this is feasible and can produce reliable results with minimum supervision. Future work will be built upon this foundation in order to achieve semi-supervised vetting of device technical information – a vital capability for ensuring that vendor-claimed device cybersecurity capabilities match industry requirements.
Techniques for controlling charging and/or discharging of batteries using a tanks-in-series model
In some embodiments, a battery management system is provided. The battery management system comprises a connector for electrically coupling a battery to the battery management system, at least one sensor configured to detect a battery state, a programmable chip configured to control at least one of charging and discharging of the battery, and a controller device. The controller device is configured to receive at least one battery state from the at least one sensor; provide the at least one battery state as input to a tanks-in-series model that represents the battery; and provide at least one output of the tanks-in-series model to the programmable chip for controlling at least one of charging and discharging of the battery.
Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) via Two-Timescale Control in Unbalanced Power Distribution Systems
Voltage control devices are employed in power distribution systems to reduce the power consumption by operating the system closer to the lower acceptable voltage limits; this technique is called conservation voltage reduction (CVR). The different modes of operation for system’s legacy devices (with binary control) and new devices (e.g. smart inverters with continuous control) coupled with variable photovoltaic (PV) generation results in voltage fluctuations which makes it challenging to achieve CVR objective. This paper presents a two-timescale control of feeder’s voltage control devices to achieve CVR that includes (1)a centralized controller operating in a slower time-scale to coordinate voltage control devices across the feeder and (2) local controllers operating in a faster timescale to mitigate voltage fluctuations due to PV variability. The centralized controller utilizes a three-phase optimal power flow model to obtain the decision variables for both legacy devices and smart inverters. The local controllers operate smart inverters to minimize voltage fluctuations and restore nodal voltages to their reference values by adjusting the reactive power support. The proposed approach is validated using the IEEE-123 bus (medium-size) and R3-12.47-2 (large-size) feeders. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach is effective in achieving the CVR objective for unbalanced distribution systems.
Energy management system, method of controlling one or more energy storage devices and control unit for one or more power storage units
Systems, methods and apparatuses are provided for reducing peak energy demand and to smooth intermittent energy profiles from onsite variable energy sources and loads. Some embodiments use system level and device level analysis and optimization to adaptively adjust the operation of a behind the meter energy storage (BMES) to smooth out energy generation variabilities and follow a reference load signal, including at short time resolutions.
Power conversion devices and control methods therefor
Power conversion devices with control algorithms that can solve the double frequency harmonic problem are provided, as are techniques for controlling power converters when the instantaneous values of input and output power are not the same.
Device for controlling additive manufacturing machinery
A computing device for controlling the operation of an additive manufacturing machine comprises a memory element and a processing element. The memory element is configured to store a three-dimensional model of a part to be manufactured, wherein the three-dimensional model defines a plurality of cross sections of the part. The processing element is in communication with the memory element. The processing element is configured to receive the three-dimensional model, determine a path across a surface of each cross section, wherein the path includes a plurality of parallel lines, calculate a power for a radiation beam to scan each of the lines, such that the power varies from line to line non-linearly according to a length of the line, and calculate a scan speed for the radiation beam for each of the lines, such that the scan speed varies line to line non-linearly according to the power of the radiation beam.
Device for controlling additive manufacturing machinery
A computing device for controlling the operation of an additive manufacturing machine comprises a memory element and a processing element. The memory element is configured to store a three-dimensional model of a part to be manufactured, wherein the three-dimensional model defines a plurality of cross sections of the part. The processing element is in communication with the memory element. The processing element is configured to receive the three-dimensional model, determine a plurality of paths, each path including a plurality of parallel lines, determine a radiation beam power for each line, such that the radiation beam power varies non-linearly according to a length of the line, and determine a radiation beam scan speed for each line, such that the radiation beam scan speed is a function of a temperature of a material used to manufacture the part, the length of the line, and the radiation beam power for the line.
Device for controlling additive manufacturing machinery
A computing device for controlling the operation of an additive manufacturing machine comprises a memory element and a processing element. The memory element is configured to store a three-dimensional model of a part to be manufactured, wherein the three-dimensional model defines a plurality of cross sections of the part. The processing element is in communication with the memory element. The processing element is configured to receive the three-dimensional model, determine a plurality of paths, each path including a plurality of parallel lines, determine a radiation beam power for each line, such that the radiation beam power varies non-linearly according to a length of the line, and determine a radiation beam scan speed for each line, such that the radiation beam scan speed is a function of a temperature of a material used to manufacture the part, the length of the line, and the radiation beam power for the line.
Device for controlling additive manufacturing machinery
A computing device for controlling the operation of an additive manufacturing machine comprises a memory element and a processing element. The memory element is configured to store a three-dimensional model of a part to be manufactured, wherein the three-dimensional model defines a plurality of cross sections of the part. The processing element is in communication with the memory element. The processing element is configured to receive the three-dimensional model, determine a path across a surface of each cross section, wherein the path includes a plurality of parallel lines, calculate a power for a radiation beam to scan each of the lines, such that the power varies from line to line non-linearly according to a length of the line, and calculate a scan speed for the radiation beam for each of the lines, such that the scan speed varies line to line non-linearly according to the power of the radiation beam.
Device for controlling additive manufacturing machinery
A computing device for controlling the operation of an additive manufacturing machine comprises a memory element and a processing element. The memory element is configured to store a three-dimensional model of a part to be manufactured, wherein the three-dimensional model defines a plurality of cross sections of the part. The processing element is in communication with the memory element. The processing element is configured to receive the three-dimensional model, determine a plurality of paths, each path including a plurality of parallel lines, determine a radiation beam power for each line, such that the radiation beam power varies non-linearly according to a length of the line, and determine a radiation beam scan speed for each line, such that the radiation beam scan speed is a function of a temperature of a material used to manufacture the part, the length of the line, and the radiation beam power for the line.
Power line communication system and method of auto-commissioning system nodes
A power line communication system and method permit auto-commissioning of multiple device control modules on a DC power line during the power up of the system. Device control modules associated with the peripheral devices are powered up sequentially and a unique address is assigned to each device controller when it is powered up. The device control modules have a unique circuit configuration that allows the use of inexpensive and mostly passive components. The cost effectiveness of the device controller design becomes particularly significant in applications, such as multi-panel OLED lighting fixtures, with high node counts.
Recollections for the 50th anniversary of the plasma surface interactions (PSI) in controlled fusion devices conference
The Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) conference reached an important milestone in 2024 with its 50th anniversary. It was celebrated at its venue in Marseille by a special round table discussion gathering 6 former chairmen of its Programme Committees, who gave some highlights presented at the conference during the five decades. The article provides a summary of this overview.
Real-time wall conditioning and recycling modification utilizing boron and boron nitride powder injections into the Large Helical Device
Controlled particulate injections from the PPPL impurity powder dropper (IPD) into the Large Helical Device have demonstrated positive effects on the wall conditions on both an intra and inter-shot basis. Here injections over a range of densities, input powers, pulse lengths, heating schemes, injection quantities and main ion species show conclusive evidence of improvement to plasma wall conditions. Successful injections are confirmed by both spectroscopic measurements as well as real-time visible camera signals. In 7 s long plasmas the responses include a reduction in wall recycling as well as a reduction in native impurity content as observed over the course of several discharges. For plasmas longer than 40 s, improvements to the recycling rate and increased impurity control are observed in real time as a consequence of the extended particulate injections. These experiments demonstrate the extended applicability of this solid particulate conditioning technique to the control and maintenance of the plasma wall conditions. In addition they are an important initial step in the development of the real-time boronization technique as a supplement to standard conditioning scenarios.
Distributed Online Voltage Control in Distribution Network: A Two-Stage Real-Time Implementation
The increasing integration of renewable-based distributed generation (DG) brings growing challenges to distribution network (DN) voltage control. To address this issue, a two-stage distributed online voltage control framework (TDO-VC) is proposed in this paper. In the proposed method, legacy voltage control devices are controlled in the upper stage on an hourly timescale, while DGs operate autonomously online in the lower stage to remove instantaneous voltage violations. The idea of receding horizon control is applied in the upper stage to comprehensively consider the current and future renewable generation, and the generalized fast dual ascent (Gf-DA) is employed in the lower stage to effectively manage DGs through near real-time optimization. The effectiveness of the proposed TDO-VC is demonstrated by rigorous theoretical analysis and case studies on IEEE-123 bus system.
Continuously-operable flow stream processing system and method
A continuously-operable flow stream processing system and method has two or more fluid processing media arranged in a fluid conduit network to provide alternate flow paths for a flow stream to be processed (e.g. filtered). Valves and other flow control devices, e.g. controller module and sensors, are used to redirect the flow stream from one or more service-needed fluid processing media to service-ready fluid processing media without taking the system offline to remove, repair, replace, clean in situ, or otherwise service the service-needed fluid processing media, so that the system may operate continuously to process the flow stream without stoppage. Redirection into alternative flow paths and media may be automatically implemented based on a predetermined threshold or trigger condition, such as may be detected by sensors directly or indirectly monitoring media condition.