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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Parallel implementation and performance optimization of the configuration-interaction method

The configuration-interaction (CI) method, long a popular approach to describe quantum many-body systems, is cast as a very large sparse matrix eigenpair problem with matrices whose dimension can exceed one billion. Such formulations place high demands on memory capacity and memory bandwidth - - two quantities at a premium today. In this paper, we describe an efficient, scalable implementation, BIGSTICK, which, by factorizing both the basis and the interaction into two levels, can reconstruct the nonzero matrix elements on the fly, reduce the memory requirements by one or two orders of magnitude, and enable researchers to trade reduced resources for increased computational time. We optimize BIGSTICK on two leading HPC platforms - - the Cray XC30 and the IBM Blue Gene/Q. Specifically, we not only develop an empirically-driven load balancing strategy that can evenly distribute the matrix-vector multiplication across 256K threads, we also developed techniques that improve the performance of the Lanczos reorthogonalization. Combined, these optimizations improved performance by 1.3-8× depending on platform and configuration.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2014

Analytic energy gradients for constrained DFT-configuration interaction

The constrained density functional theory-configuration interaction (CDFT-CI) method has previously been used to calculate ground-state energies and barrier heights, and to describe electronic excited states, in particular conical intersections. However, the method has been limited to evaluating the electronic energy at just a single nuclear configuration, with the gradient of the energy being available only via finite difference. In this paper, we present analytic gradients of the CDFT-CI energy with respect to nuclear coordinates, which gives the potential for accurate geometry optimization and molecular dynamics on both the ground and excited electronic states, a realm which is currently quite challenging for electronic structure theory. We report the performance of CDFT-CI geometry optimization for representative reaction transition states as well as molecules in an excited state. The overall accuracy of CDFT-CI for computing barrier heights is essentially unchanged whether the energies are evaluated at geometries obtained from quadratic configuration-interaction singles and doubles (QCISD) or CDFT-CI, indicating that CDFT-CI produces very good reaction transition states. These results open up tantalizing possibilities for future work on excited states.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Many-Body Adaptive Configuration Interaction Suite (MACIS) v0.1.0

The Many-Body Adaptive Configuration Interaction Suite (MACIS) is a modern C++ software infrastructure for the development of selected-configuration interaction (sCI) methods for the fermionic many-body problem in quantum chemistry and materials science. MACIS provides a high-performance, parallel implementation of the Adaptive Sampling Configuration Interaction (ASCI) method as related solvers such as self-consistent orbital optimization and the evaluation of excited states and spectral functions. Unlike existing sCI software, MACIS is developed as a modular software infrastructure which allows it to exist both as a standalone sCI solver and as a library to integrate into existing many-body codes. This modularity allows MACIS to be quickly extensible, including its integration with other sCI methods and high-performance solvers.

Williams-Young, David↗
DOE OSTI2018

Large-Scale Electron Correlation Calculations: Rank-Reduced Full Configuration Interaction

Here, we present the rank-reduced full configuration interaction (RR-FCI) method, a variational approach for the calculation of extremely large full configuration interaction (FCI) wave functions. In this report, we show that RR-FCI can provide ground state singlet and triplet energies within kcal/mol accuracy of full CI (FCI) with computational effort scaling as the square root of the number of determinants in the CI space (compared to conventional FCI methods which scale linearly with the number of determinants). Fast graphical processing unit (GPU) accelerated projected σ = Hc matrix–vector product formation enables calculations with configuration spaces as large as 30 electrons in 30 orbitals, corresponding to an FCI calculation with over 2.4 × 10 16 configurations. We apply this method in the context of complete active space configuration interaction calculations to acenes with 2–5 aromatic rings, comparing absolute energies against FCI when possible and singlet/triplet excitation energies against both density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) and experimental results. The dissociation of molecular nitrogen was also examined using both FCI and RR-FCI. In each case, we found that RR-FCI provides a low cost alternative to FCI, with particular advantages when relative energies are desired.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Natural orbitals for the ab initio no-core configuration interaction approach

Ab initio no-core configuration interaction (NCCI) calculations for the nuclear many-body problem have traditionally relied upon an antisymmetrized product (Slater determinant) basis built from harmonic oscillator orbitals. The accuracy of such calculations is limited by the finite dimensions which are computationally feasible for the truncated many-body space. We therefore seek to improve the accuracy obtained for a given basis size by optimizing the choice of single-particle orbitals. Natural orbitals, which diagonalize the one-body density matrix, provide a basis which maximizes the occupation of low-lying orbitals, thus accelerating convergence in a configuration-interaction basis, while also possibly providing physical insight into the single-particle structure of the many-body wave function. We describe the implementation of natural orbitals in the NCCI framework and examine the nature of the natural orbitals thus obtained, the properties of the resulting many-body wave functions, and the convergence of observables. After taking 3 He as an illustrative testbed, we explore aspects of NCCI calculations with natural orbitals for the ground state of the p-shell neutron halo nucleus 6 He .

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Configuration interaction wave functions: A seniority number approach

This work deals with the configuration interaction method when an N-electron Hamiltonian is projected on Slater determinants which are classified according to their seniority number values. We study the spin features of the wave functions and the size of the matrices required to formulate states of any spin symmetry within this treatment. Correlation energies associated with the wave functions arising from the seniority-based configuration interaction procedure are determined for three types of molecular orbital basis: canonical molecular orbitals, natural orbitals, and the orbitals resulting from minimizing the expectation value of the N-electron seniority number operator. The performance of these bases is analyzed by means of numerical results obtained from selected N-electron systems of several spin symmetries. The comparison of the results highlights the efficiency of the molecular orbital basis which minimizes the mean value of the seniority number for a state, yielding energy values closer to those provided by the full configuration interaction procedure.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

The overlapping fragment approach for non-orthogonal configuration interaction with fragments

The non-orthogonal configuration interaction with fragments (NOCI-F) approach is extended opening the possibility to study intramolecular processes and materials with covalent or ionic lattices. So far, NOCI-F has been applied to study intermolecular energy and electron transfer employing ensembles of fragments that do not have atoms or bonds in common. The here presented approach divides the target system into two overlapping fragments that share one or more atoms and/or one or more bonds. After the construction of a collection of (multiconfigurational) fragment wave functions in a state specific optimization procedure, the fragment wave functions are combined to form many-electron basis functions for the non-orthogonal configuration interaction of the whole system. The orbitals in the overlapping fragment are defined by a corresponding orbital transformation of the fragment orbitals through a singular value decomposition. The overlapping fragments approach is first illustrated for a model system and then used to highlight some possible applications of NOCI with overlapping fragments. In conclusion, the results of excited state diffusion in transition metal oxide, intramolecular singlet fission and magnetic interactions in organic biradicals and ionic compounds are discussed.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

A systematic approach to vertically excited states of ethylene using configuration interaction and coupled cluster techniques

A systematic sequence of configuration interaction and coupled cluster calculations were used to describe selected low-lying singlet and triplet vertically excited states of ethylene with the goal of approaching the all electron, full configuration interaction/complete basis set limit. Included among these is the notoriously difficult, mixed valence/Rydberg {sup 1}B{sub 1u} V state. Techniques included complete active space and iterative natural orbital configuration interaction with large reference spaces which led to variational spaces of 1.8 × 10{sup 9} parameters. Care was taken to avoid unintentionally biasing the results due to the widely recognized sensitivity of the V state to the details of the calculation. The lowest vertical and adiabatic ionization potentials to the {sup 2}B{sub 3u} and {sup 2}B{sub 3} states were also determined. In addition, the heat of formation of twisted ethylene {sup 3}A{sub 1} was obtained from large basis set coupled cluster theory calculations including corrections for core/valence, scalar relativistic and higher order correlation recovery.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2018

Effect of Configuration Interaction of Rare-Earth Ion States on the Intensity of Intermultiplet Transitions

We present the analysis of wave functions and the effect of configuration interaction on the intensity of absorption bands for Pr{sup 3+}, Tm{sup 3+}, and Er{sup 3+} ions. It is shown that due to the strong spin–orbit interaction the wave functions of rare-earth ions are multicomponent superpositions of ″pure″ {sup 2S+1}L{sub J} multiplets with different values of S and L and the same values of the angular momentum J. For this reason, the effect of configurational interaction depends not only on the energy gap up to excited configurations, but also on the presence of high-energy {sup 2S+1}L{sub J} components. The presence of such components yields a strong influence on the configuration interaction even at the deep layers. Another consequence of the multicomponent composition of the wave functions is the formation of groups of strongly interrelated states. When the configuration interaction is not fully taken into account, the error in describing the oscillator strengths is distributed among all the states of the group, and the low overall accuracy of the description is not perceived as a contradiction to the theory. To confirm the proposed assumptions, the oscillator strengths of the absorption transitions of laser materials activated by Pr{sup 3+}, Tm{sup 3+}, and Er{sup 3+} ions are described using the modified Judd–Ofelt theory.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Understanding and improving the efficiency of full configuration interaction quantum Monte Carlo

Within full configuration interaction quantum Monte Carlo, we investigate how the statistical error behaves as a function of the parameters which control the stochastic sampling. We define the inefficiency as a measure of the statistical error per particle sampling the space and per time step and show there is a sizeable parameter regime where this is minimised. We find that this inefficiency increases sublinearly with Hilbert space size and can be reduced by localising the canonical Hartree–Fock molecular orbitals, suggesting that the choice of basis impacts the method beyond that of the sign problem.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Assessment of multireference approaches to explicitly correlated full configuration interaction quantum Monte Carlo

The Full Configuration Interaction Quantum Monte Carlo (FCIQMC) method has proved able to provide near-exact solutions to the electronic Schrödinger equation within a finite orbital basis set, without relying on an expansion about a reference state. However, a drawback to the approach is that being based on an expansion of Slater determinants, the FCIQMC method suffers from a basis set incompleteness error that decays very slowly with the size of the employed single particle basis. The FCIQMC results obtained in a small basis set can be improved significantly with explicitly correlated techniques. Here, we present a study that assesses and compares two contrasting “universal” explicitly correlated approaches that fit into the FCIQMC framework: the [2]{sub R12} method of Kong and Valeev [J. Chem. Phys. 135, 214105 (2011)] and the explicitly correlated canonical transcorrelation approach of Yanai and Shiozaki [J. Chem. Phys. 136, 084107 (2012)]. The former is an a posteriori internally contracted perturbative approach, while the latter transforms the Hamiltonian prior to the FCIQMC simulation. These comparisons are made across the 55 molecules of the G1 standard set. We found that both methods consistently reduce the basis set incompleteness, for accurate atomization energies in small basis sets, reducing the error from 28 mE{sub h} to 3-4 mE{sub h}. While many of the conclusions hold in general for any combination of multireference approaches with these methodologies, we also consider FCIQMC-specific advantages of each approach.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2012

Benchmarks of the full configuration interaction, Monte Carlo shell model, and no-core full configuration methods

We report no-core solutions for properties of light nuclei with three different approaches in order to assess the accuracy and convergence rates of each method. Full configuration interaction (FCI), Monte Carlo shell model (MCSM), and no core full configuration (NCFC) approaches are solved separately for the ground state energy and other properties of seven light nuclei using the realistic JISP16 nucleon-nucleon interaction. The results are consistent among the different approaches. The methods differ significantly in how the required computational resources scale with increasing particle number for a given accuracy.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Vibrational heat-bath configuration interaction with semistochastic perturbation theory using harmonic oscillator or VSCF modals

Vibrational heat-bath configuration interaction (VHCI)—a selected configuration interaction technique for vibrational structure theory—has recently been developed in two independent works [J. H. Fetherolf and T. C. Berkelbach, J. Chem. Phys. 154, 074104 (2021); A. U. Bhatty and K. R. Brorsen, Mol. Phys. 119, e1936250 (2021)], where it was shown to provide accuracy on par with the most accurate vibrational structure methods with a low computational cost. Here, we eliminate the memory bottleneck of the second-order perturbation theory correction using the same (semi)stochastic approach developed previously for electronic structure theory. This allows us to treat, in an unbiased manner, much larger perturbative spaces, which are necessary for high accuracy in large systems. Stochastic errors are easily controlled to be less than 1 cm−1. We also report two other developments: (i) we propose a new heat-bath criterion and an associated exact implicit sorting algorithm for potential energy surfaces expressible as a sum of products of one-dimensional potentials; (ii) we formulate VHCI to use a vibrational self-consistent field (VSCF) reference, as opposed to the harmonic oscillator reference configuration used in previous reports. Our tests are done with quartic and sextic force fields, for which we find that with VSCF, the minor improvements to accuracy are outweighed by the higher computational cost associated the matrix element evaluations. We expect VSCF-based VHCI to be important for more general potential representations, for which the harmonic oscillator basis function integrals are no longer analytic.

Chemistry↗
DOE OSTI2014

A hybrid configuration interaction treatment based on seniority number and excitation schemes

We present a configuration interaction method in which the Hamiltonian of an N-electron system is projected on Slater determinants selected according to the seniority-number criterion along with the traditional excitation-based procedure. This proposed method is especially useful to describe systems which exhibit dynamic (weak) correlation at determined geometric arrangements (where the excitation-based procedure is more suitable) but show static (strong) correlation at other arrangements (where the seniority-number technique is preferred). The hybrid method amends the shortcomings of both individual determinant selection procedures, yielding correct shapes of potential energy curves with results closer to those provided by the full configuration interaction method.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2020

GronOR: Massively Parallel and GPU-Accelerated Non-Orthogonal Configuration Interaction for Large Molecular Systems

GronOR is a program package for non-orthogonal configuration interaction calculations for an electronic wave function built in terms of anti-symmetrized products of multi-configuration molecular fragment wave functions. The two-electron integrals that have to be processed may be expressed in terms of atomic orbitals or in terms of an orbital basis determined from the molecular orbitals of the fragments. The code has been specifically designed for execution on distributed memory massively parallel and Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)-accelerated computer architectures, using an MPI+OpenACC/OpenMP programming approach. The task-based execution model used in the implementation allows for linear scaling with the number of nodes on the largest pre-exascale architectures available, provides hardware fault resiliency, and enables effective execution on systems with distinct central processing unit-only and GPU-accelerated partitions. The code interfaces with existing multi-configuration electronic structure codes that provide optimized molecular fragment orbitals, configuration interaction coefficients, and the required integrals. Algorithm and implementation details, parallel and accelerated performance benchmarks, and an analysis of the sensitivity of the accuracy of results and computational performance to thresholds used in the calculations are presented.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Intersystem-crossing and phosphorescence rates in fac-Ir{sup III}(ppy){sub 3}: A theoretical study involving multi-reference configuration interaction wavefunctions

We have employed combined density functional theory and multi-reference configuration interaction methods including spin–orbit coupling (SOC) effects to investigate the photophysics of the green phosphorescent emitter fac-tris-(2-phenylpyridine)iridium (fac-Ir(ppy){sub 3}). A critical evaluation of our quantum chemical approaches shows that a perturbational treatment of SOC is the method of choice for computing the UV/Vis spectrum of this heavy transition metal complex while multi-reference spin–orbit configuration interaction is preferable for calculating the phosphorescence rates. The particular choice of the spin–orbit interaction operator is found to be of minor importance. Intersystem crossing (ISC) rates have been determined by Fourier transformation of the time correlation function of the transition including Dushinsky rotations. In the electronic ground state, fac-Ir(ppy){sub 3} is C{sub 3} symmetric. The calculated UV/Vis spectrum is in excellent agreement with experiment. The effect of SOC is particularly pronounced for the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) band in the visible region of the absorption spectrum which does not only extend its spectral onset towards longer wavelengths but also experiences a blue shift of its maximum. Pseudo-Jahn-Teller interaction leads to asymmetric coordinate displacements in the lowest MLCT states. Substantial electronic SOC and a small energy gap make ISC an ultrafast process in fac-Ir(ppy){sub 3}. For the S{sub 1}↝T{sub 1} non-radiative transition, we compute a rate constant of k{sub ISC} = 6.9 × 10{sup 12} s{sup −1} which exceeds the rate constant of radiative decay to the electronic ground state by more than six orders of magnitude, in agreement with the experimental observation of a subpicosecond ISC process and a triplet quantum yield close to unity. As a consequence of the geometric distortion in the T{sub 1} state, the T{sub 1} → S{sub 0} transition densities are localized on one of the phenylpyridyl moieties. In our best quantum chemical model, we obtain phosphorescence decay times of 264 μs, 13 μs, and 0.9 μs, respectively, for the T{sub 1,I}, T{sub 1,II}, and T{sub 1,III} fine-structure levels in dichloromethane (DCM) solution. In addition to reproducing the correct orders of magnitude for the individual phosphorescence emission probabilities, our theoretical study gives insight into the underlying mechanisms. In terms of intensity borrowing from spin-allowed transitions, the low emission probability of the T{sub 1,I} substate is caused by the mutual cancellation of contributions from several singlet states to the total transition dipole moment. Their contributions do not cancel but add up in case of the much faster T{sub 1,III} → S{sub 0} emission while the T{sub 1,II} → S{sub 0} emission is dominated by intensity borrowing from a single spin-allowed process, i.e., the S{sub 2} → S{sub 0} transition.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Modern Approaches to Exact Diagonalization and Selected Configuration Interaction with the Adaptive Sampling CI Method

Recent advances in selected configuration interaction methods have made them competitive with the most accurate techniques available and, hence, creating an increasingly powerful tool for solving quantum Hamiltonians. In this work, we build on recent advances from the adaptive sampling configuration interaction (ASCI) algorithm. We show that a useful paradigm for generating efficient selected CI/exact diagonalization algorithms is driven by fast sorting algorithms, much in the same way iterative diagonalization is based on the paradigm of matrix vector multiplication. We present several new algorithms for all parts of performing a selected CI, which includes new ASCI search, dynamic bit masking, fast orbital rotations, fast diagonal matrix elements, and residue arrays. The ASCI search algorithm can be used in several different modes, which includes an integral driven search and a coefficient driven search. The algorithms presented here are fast and scalable, and we find that because they are built on fast sorting algorithms they are more efficient than all other approaches we considered. After introducing these techniques, we present ASCI results applied to a large range of systems and basis sets to demonstrate the types of simulations that can be practically treated at the full-CI level with modern methods and hardware, presenting double- and triple-ζ benchmark data for the G1 data set. The largest of these calculations is Si$_2$H$_6$ which is a simulation of 34 electrons in 152 orbitals. We also present some preliminary results for fast deterministic perturbation theory simulations that use hash functions to maintain high efficiency for treating large basis sets.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Efficient Treatment of Large Active Spaces through Multi-GPU Parallel Implementation of Direct Configuration Interaction

In this study, we have extended our graphical processing unit (GPU)-accelerated direct configuration interaction program to multiple devices, reducing iteration times for configuration spaces of 165 million determinants to only 3 s using NVIDIA P100 GPUs. Similar improvements in the one- and two-particle reduced density matrix formation allow for fast analytical energy gradients and electronic properties. Our parallel algorithm enables the calculation of arbitrarily large configuration spaces (limited only by available system memory), with iteration times of 13 min for an active space of 18 electrons in 18 orbitals (2.4 billion determinants) using six consumer grade NVIDIA 1080Ti GPUs. These advances enable routine molecular dynamics simulations, geometry optimizations, and absorption spectrum calculations for molecules with large configuration spaces, a task that has heretofore required massive computational effort. In this work, we demonstrate the utility of our program by generating the absorption spectrum for diphenyl acetylene at the floating occupation molecular orbital complete active space configuration interaction level of theory. Lastly, several active spaces were investigated to assess the dependence of spectral features on orbital space dimension.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗