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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Woody bioenergy crop selection can have large effects on water yield: A southeastern United States case study

Short-rotation woody crops in the southeastern United States will make a significant contribution to the growing renewable energy supply over the 21st century; however, there are few studies that investigate how species selection may affect water yield. Here we assessed the impact of species selection on annual and seasonal water budgets in unvegetated plots and late-rotation 14–15-year-old intensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) stands in South Carolina USA. We found that while annual aboveground net primary productivity and bioenergy produced was similar between species, sweetgum transpiration was 53% higher than loblolly pine annually and 92% greater during the growing season. Canopy interception was 10.5% of annual precipitation and was not significantly different between the two species. Soil evaporation was less than 1.3% of annual precipitation and did not differ between species, but was 26% of precipitation in unvegetated plots. Annual water yield was 69% lower for sweetgum than loblolly pine, with water yield to precipitation ratios of 0.13 and 0.39 for sweetgum and loblolly pine, respectively. If planted at a large scale, the high transpiration and low water yield in sweetgum could result in declines in downstream water availability relative to loblolly pine by the end of the growing season when storage in groundwater, streams, and water supply reservoirs are typically at their lowest. Our results suggest that species selection is of critical importance when establishing forest plantations for woody bioenergy production due to potential impacts on downstream water yield.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Data for A Role for Differential Rubisco Activase Isoform Expression in C4 Bioenergy Grasses at High Temperature

Rubisco activase (Rca) facilitates the release of sugar-phosphate inhibitors at Rubisco catalytic sites during CO2 fixation. Most plant species express two Rca isoforms, the larger Rca-α and the shorter Rca-β, either by alternative splicing from a single gene or expression from separate genes. The mechanism of Rubisco activation by Rca isoforms has been intensively studied in C3 plants. However, the functional role of Rca in C4 plants where Rubisco and Rca are located in a much higher [CO2] compartment is less clear. In this study, we selected four C4 bioenergy grasses and the model C4 grass setaria ( Setaria viridis ) to investigate the role of Rca in C4 photosynthesis. All five C4 grass species contained two Rca genes, one encoding Rca-α and the other Rca-β, which were positioned closely together in the genomes. A variety of abiotic stress-related motifs were identified in the Rca-α promoter of each grass, and while the Rca-β gene was constantly highly expressed at ambient temperature, Rca-α isoforms were expressed only at high temperature but never surpassed 30% of Rca-β content. The pattern of Rca-α induction on transition to high temperature and reduction on return to ambient temperature was the same in all five C4 grasses. In sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ), sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum ), and setaria, the induction rate of Rca-α was similar to the recovery rate of photosynthesis and Rubisco activation at high temperature. This association between Rca-α isoform expression and maintenance of Rubisco activation at high temperature suggests that Rca-α has a functional thermo-protective role in carbon fixation in C4 grasses by sustaining Rubisco activation at high temperature.

Genomics↗
DOE OSTI2015

IEA Bioenergy Task 40 Sustainable International Bioenergy Trade: Securing Supply and Demand (Country Report 2014—United States)

Logistical barrier are tied to feedstock harvesting, collection, storage and distribution. Current crop harvesting machinery is unable to selectively harvest preferred components of cellulosic biomass while maintaining acceptable levels of soil carbon and minimizing erosion. Actively managing biomass variability imposes additional functional requirements on biomass harvesting equipment. A physiological variation in biomass arises from differences in genetics, degree of crop maturity, geographical location, climatic events, and harvest methods. This variability presents significant cost and performance risks for bioenergy systems. Currently, processing standards and specifications for cellulosic feedstocks are not as well-developed as for mature commodities. Biomass that is stored with high moisture content or exposed to moisture during storage is susceptible to spoilage, rotting, spontaneous combustion, and odor problems. Appropriate storage methods and strategies are needed to better define storage requirements to preserve the volume and quality of harvested biomass over time and maintain its conversion yield. Raw herbaceous biomass is costly to collect, handle, and transport because of its low density and fibrous nature. Existing conventional, bale-based handling equipment and facilities cannot cost-effectively deliver and store high volumes of biomass, even with improved handling techniques. Current handling and transportation systems designed for moving woodchips can be inefficient for bioenergy processes due to the costs and challenges of transporting, storing, and drying high-moisture biomass. The infrastructure for feedstock logistics has not been defined for the potential variety of locations, climates, feedstocks, storage methods, processing alternatives, etc., which will occur at a national scale. When setting up biomass fuel supply chains, for large-scale biomass systems, logistics are a pivotal part in the system. Various studies have shown that long-distance international transport by ship is feasible in terms of energy use and transportation costs, but availability of suitable vessels and meteorological conditions (e.g., winter time in Scandinavia and Russia) need to be considered. However, local transportation by truck (both in biomass exporting and importing countries) may be a high-cost factor, which can influence the overall energy balance and total biomass costs.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Land productivity and land availability for growing bioenergy crop in the Contiguous US. Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI)

The dataset consists of two types of data: the estimate of land productivity (the maximum productivity, MP) and the estimate of land that has low productivity for any major crops planted in the Contiguous United States and then may be available for growing bioenergy crops (the marginal land, ML). All data items are in GeoTiff format, under the World Geodetic System (WGS) 84 project, and with a resolution of 0.0020810045 degree (~250 m). The MP values are calculated based on machine learning model estimated yields of major crops in the CONUS, and its expected value (MP_mean.tif), and associated uncertainty (MP_IDP.tif). The ML availability data have two versions: a deterministic version and a version with uncertainty. The deterministic MLs are determined as the land pixels with expected MP values falling in the range defined in the following criteria, and the MLs with uncertainty are determined as the probability that the MP value of a land pixel falls in the range defined in the following criteria: Criteria_____Description S1________ Current crop and pasture land with MP <= P50 S2________ Current crop and pasture land with MP <= P25 S3________ S1 + current grass and shrub land with P25 < MP < P50 S4________ S2 + current grass and shrub land with P10 < MP < P25 Economic__ Current crop and pasture land with potential profitability < 0 Here P10, P25 and P50 are the 10th, 25th and 50th percentile of crop MP values

Land productivity↗
DOE OSTI2021

A Critical Review of Challenges Faced by Converting Food Waste to Bioenergy Through Anaerobic Digestion and Hydrothermal Liquefaction

Here, the conventional approaches for handling food waste has been incineration, composting, landfilling, and anaerobic digestion for producing biogas. In light of organic waste bans and newly discovered presence of per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) in food, food packaging materials, and compost, this review provides a critical summary of what has been investigated and reported and what needs to be considered when choosing suitable pathways for food waste. In addition to the fundamental principles inherent to anaerobic digestion and hydrothermal liquefaction, challenges for each process are identified followed by discussion of potential solutions to resolve the bottlenecks.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗