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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Anisotropic Properties of Epitaxial Ferroelectric Lead-Free 0.5[Ba(Ti 0.8 Zr 0.2 )O 3 ]-0.5(Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 )TiO 3 Films

As the energy demand is expected to double over the next 30 years, there has been a major initiative towards advancing the technology of both energy harvesting and storage for renewable energy. In this work, we explore a subset class of dielectrics for energy storage since ferroelectrics offer a unique combination of characteristics needed for energy storage devices. We investigate ferroelectric lead-free 0.5[Ba(Ti 0.8 Zr 0.2 )O 3 ]-0.5(Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 )TiO 3 epitaxial thin films with different crystallographic orientations grown by pulsed laser deposition. We focus our attention on the influence of the crystallographic orientation on the microstructure, ferroelectric, and dielectric properties. Our results indicate an enhancement of the polarization and strong anisotropy in the dielectric response for the (001)-oriented film. The enhanced ferroelectric, energy storage, and dielectric properties of the (001)-oriented film is explained by the coexistence of orthorhombic-tetragonal phase, where the disordered local structure is in its free energy minimum.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1992

Conductor-backed coplanar waveguide resonators of Y-Ba-Cu-O and Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O on LaAlO3

Conductor-backed coplanar waveguide (CBCPW) resonators operating at 10.8 GHz have been fabricated from Tl-Ba-Ca-O (TBCCO) and Y-Ba-Cu-O (YBCO) thin films on LaAlO3. The resonators consist of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) patterned on the superconducting film side of the LaAlO3 substrate with a gold ground plane coated on the opposite side. These resonators were tested in the temperature range from 14 to 106 K. At 77 K, the best of our TBCCO and YBCO resonators have an unloaded quality factor (Qo) 7 and 4 times, respectively, larger than that of a similar all-gold resonator. In this study, the Qo's of the TBCCO resonators were larger than those of their YBCO counterparts throughout the aforementioned temperature range.

Miranda, F. A.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Improving tubular protonic ceramic fuel cell performance by compensating Ba evaporation via a Ba-excess optimized proton conducting electrolyte synthesis strategy

Protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) are emerging as a promising technology for reduced temperature ceramic energy conversion devices. The BaCe 0.4 Zr 0.4 Y 0.1 Yb 0.1 O 3–δ (BCZYYb4411) electrolyte is notable for its high proton conductivity. However, the tendency of barium to volatilize in BCZYYb4411 during high-temperature sintering compromises its chemical stability and performance. This study investigates the effects of intentionally incorporating excess barium into BCZYYb4411, formulated as Ba 1+x Ce 0.4 Zr 0.4 Y0.1Yb 0.1 O 3–δ (where x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3), with the aim of compensating barium evaporation and enhancing the physical and chemical properties. We find that excess barium results in a greater shrinkage rate, facilitating a denser electrolyte structure. This barium-enriched electrolyte demonstrates improved electrochemical performance by effectively counteracting the deleterious effects of barium evaporation. Applying this strategy to tubular PCFCs, we achieved a peak power density of 480 mW•cm –2 at 600 °C. This unique approach provides a simple, tunable, and easy-to-implement processing modification to achieve high-performance tubular PCFC.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Formation of Ba 3 Nb 0.75 Mn 2.25 O 9 -6H during thermochemical reduction of Ba 4 NbMn 3 O 12 -12R

The resurgence of interest in hydrogen-related technologies has stimulated new studies aimed at advancing lesser-developed water-splitting processes, such as solar thermochemical hydrogen production (STCH). Progress in STCH has been largely hindered by a lack of new materials able to efficiently split water at a rate comparable to ceria under identical experimental conditions. BaCe 0.25 Mn 0.75 O 3 (BCM) recently demonstrated enhanced hydrogen production over ceria and has the potential to further our understanding of two-step thermochemical cycles. A significant feature of the 12R hexagonal perovskite structure of BCM is the tendency to, in part, form a 6H polytype at high temperatures and reducing environments ( i.e. , during the first step of the thermochemical cycle), which may serve to mitigate degradation of the complex oxide. An analogous compound, namely BaNb 0.25 Mn 0.75 O 3 (BNM) with a 12R structure was synthesized and displays nearly complete conversion to the 6H structure under identical reaction conditions as BCM. The structure of the BNM-6H polytype was determined from Rietveld refinement of synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data and is presented within the context of the previously established BCM-6H structure.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ba(H8O5)2 by Materials Project

(Ba(H8O5)2)2(Ba(H5O3)3)2H2O2 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one water molecule; one Ba(H5O3)3 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction; and one Ba(H8O5)2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In the Ba(H5O3)3 sheet, Ba is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to one H and eight O atoms. The Ba–H bond length is 2.68 Å. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.68–2.90 Å. There are fifteen inequivalent H sites. In the first H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the second H site, H is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ba and two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.04 Å) and one longer (1.56 Å) H–O bond length. In the third H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fourth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fifth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. In the sixth H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.07 Å) and one longer (1.44 Å) H–O bond length. In the seventh H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the eighth H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.04 Å) and one longer (1.53 Å) H–O bond length. In the ninth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the tenth H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.09 Å) and one longer (1.40 Å) H–O bond length. In the eleventh H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. In the twelfth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the thirteenth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fourteenth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the fifteenth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. There are nine inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two H atoms. In the second O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ba and three H atoms. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the Ba(H8O5)2 sheet, Ba is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to one H and eight O atoms. The Ba–H bond length is 2.73 Å. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.79–2.98 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent H sites. In the first H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 1.01 Å. In the second H site, H is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.66 Å) H–O bond length. In the third H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fourth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fifth H site, H is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.63 Å) H–O bond length. In the sixth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the seventh H site, H is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Ba and two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.04 Å) and one longer (1.56 Å) H–O bond length. In the eighth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the ninth H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.03 Å) and one longer (1.58 Å) H–O bond length. In the tenth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the eleventh H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the twelfth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 1.01 Å. In the thirteenth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fourteenth H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.09 Å) and one longer (1.41 Å) H–O bond length. In the fifteenth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the sixteenth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. There are ten inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three H and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.48 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one H and one O atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ba and three H atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ba(H8O5)2 by Materials Project

Ba(H8O5)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two Ba(H8O5)2 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In one of the Ba(H8O5)2 sheets, Ba is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.74–2.88 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent H sites. In the first H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the second H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the third H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fourth H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.06 Å) and one longer (1.49 Å) H–O bond length. In the fifth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 1.01 Å. In the sixth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the seventh H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.03 Å) and one longer (1.59 Å) H–O bond length. In the eighth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the ninth H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.03 Å) and one longer (1.60 Å) H–O bond length. In the tenth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the eleventh H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.71 Å) H–O bond length. In the twelfth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the thirteenth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fourteenth H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.61 Å) H–O bond length. In the fifteenth H site, H is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.67 Å) H–O bond length. In the sixteenth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. There are ten inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two H and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.49 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four H and one O atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In one of the Ba(H8O5)2 sheets, Ba is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.72–2.88 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent H sites. In the first H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the second H site, H is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.64 Å) H–O bond length. In the third H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.70 Å) H–O bond length. In the fourth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fifth H site, H is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.68 Å) H–O bond length. In the sixth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the seventh H site, H is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.64 Å) H–O bond length. In the eighth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the ninth H site, H is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.68 Å) H–O bond length. In the tenth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the eleventh H site, H is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.03 Å) and one longer (1.60 Å) H–O bond length. In the twelfth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the thirteenth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fourteenth H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.05 Å) and one longer (1.51 Å) H–O bond length. In the fifteenth H site, H is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.00 Å) and one longer (1.70 Å) H–O bond length. In the sixteenth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. There are ten inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four H and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.49 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four H and one O atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ba(H2O3)2 by Materials Project

Ba(H2O3)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ba sites. In the first Ba site, Ba is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one H and ten O atoms. The Ba–H bond length is 2.76 Å. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.58–3.18 Å. In the second Ba site, Ba is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to nine O atoms. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.60–3.28 Å. There are eight inequivalent H sites. In the first H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.07 Å) and one longer (1.48 Å) H–O bond length. In the second H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the third H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.06 Å) and one longer (1.49 Å) H–O bond length. In the fourth H site, H is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Ba and two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.07 Å) and one longer (1.43 Å) H–O bond length. In the fifth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. In the sixth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the seventh H site, H is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 1.01 Å. In the eighth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two Ba and one H atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two Ba and one H atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Ba and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.38 Å. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Ba and two H atoms. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ba and one H atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two Ba and one H atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Ba, one H, and one O atom. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Ba and one H atom. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Ba and one H atom. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ba and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.33 Å. In the eleventh O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the twelfth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and one O atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Experimental Investigation of Barium Sources and Fluid–Rock Interaction in Unconventional Marcellus Shale Wells Using Ba Isotopes

Produced waters from unconventional Marcellus Shale gas wells have anomalously high barium (Ba) concentrations and yield some of the isotopically heaviest Ba measured to date. Experiments were conducted to constrain the source of Ba in these fluids and the controls on barite (BaSO 4 ) precipitation and dissolution in oil and gas wells. Experiments simulating the acidizing stage evaluated the solubility of pure barite and drilling mud in 2 M HCl at 80 °C for periods of 2, 6, and 48 h and resulted in <0.01% barite dissolution with no appreciable change in δ 138 Ba ( 138 Ba/ 134 Ba normalized to NIST standard 3104a). Static autoclave experiments conducted at 66 °C and 20.7 MPa with combinations of ground Marcellus Shale solids and/or barite-bearing drilling mud with synthetic low-Ba fracturing fluid resulted in decreased Ba concentrations in the fluid, with the largest decrease in the shale-only run. Fluid δ 138 Ba values increased by about 0.5‰ as Ba concentrations decreased, consistent with closed-system Rayleigh fractionation. Flow-through experiments in Marcellus Shale core conducted for 28 days resulted in effluent Ba concentrations an order of magnitude lower than the influent, while sulfate concentrations increased over time. Effluent δ 138 Ba values increased over the first 12 days and plateaued at about 1‰ higher than the influent. Modeling suggests a combination of the release of labile shale Ba and barite precipitation. This work indicates that the processes of Ba release from fluid–shale interactions and barite precipitation in fractures and the well bore, while capable of producing high δ 138 Ba fluids, are unlikely to generate fluids with high-Ba concentrations and δ 138 Ba values like those in Marcellus-produced waters. As a result, we find that the release of sulfate from shale pyrite oxidation rapidly catalyzes barite precipitation and that dissolution of drilling mud barite or natural barite in the shale is unlikely to be the major source of Ba in Marcellus-produced waters.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ba(H8O5)2 by Materials Project

Ba(H8O5)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic Pc space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two Ba(H8O5)2 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Ba is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.77–2.87 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent H sites. In the first H site, H is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.65 Å) H–O bond length. In the second H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the third H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fourth H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.03 Å) and one longer (1.56 Å) H–O bond length. In the fifth H site, H is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.64 Å) H–O bond length. In the sixth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the seventh H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the eighth H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.03 Å) and one longer (1.55 Å) H–O bond length. In the ninth H site, H is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.67 Å) H–O bond length. In the tenth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the eleventh H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the twelfth H site, H is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.03 Å) and one longer (1.58 Å) H–O bond length. In the thirteenth H site, H is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.63 Å) H–O bond length. In the fourteenth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fifteenth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the sixteenth H site, H is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.61 Å) H–O bond length. There are ten inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four H and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.49 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four H and one O atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ba(H8O5)2 by Materials Project

Ba(H8O5)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two Ba(H8O5)2 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Ba is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.67–2.88 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent H sites. In the first H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.73 Å) H–O bond length. In the second H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the third H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fourth H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.03 Å) and one longer (1.58 Å) H–O bond length. In the fifth H site, H is bonded in a linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.03 Å) and one longer (1.56 Å) H–O bond length. In the sixth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the seventh H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.00 Å) and one longer (1.74 Å) H–O bond length. In the eighth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the ninth H site, H is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.03 Å) and one longer (1.61 Å) H–O bond length. In the tenth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. In the eleventh H site, H is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.67 Å) H–O bond length. In the twelfth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the thirteenth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. In the fourteenth H site, H is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.67 Å) H–O bond length. In the fifteenth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the sixteenth H site, H is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.03 Å) and one longer (1.57 Å) H–O bond length. There are ten inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four H and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.50 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four H and one O atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ba(H8O5)2 by Materials Project

Ba(H8O5)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two Ba(H8O5)2 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Ba is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.76–2.92 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent H sites. In the first H site, H is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.66 Å) H–O bond length. In the second H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the third H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the fourth H site, H is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.65 Å) H–O bond length. In the fifth H site, H is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.61 Å) H–O bond length. In the sixth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the seventh H site, H is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.67 Å) H–O bond length. In the eighth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the ninth H site, H is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.61 Å) H–O bond length. In the tenth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the eleventh H site, H is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.62 Å) H–O bond length. In the twelfth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the thirteenth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fourteenth H site, H is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.65 Å) H–O bond length. In the fifteenth H site, H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the sixteenth H site, H is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.03 Å) and one longer (1.58 Å) H–O bond length. There are ten inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four H and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.49 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four H and one O atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ba and two H atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ba(BrF4)2 by Materials Project

Ba(BrF4)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I-4 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ba sites. In the first Ba site, Ba is bonded to twelve F atoms to form distorted corner-sharing BaF12 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Ba–F bond distances ranging from 2.86–3.13 Å. In the second Ba site, Ba is bonded to eight F atoms to form distorted corner-sharing BaF8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are four shorter (2.71 Å) and four longer (2.78 Å) Ba–F bond lengths. Br is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four F atoms. There are a spread of Br–F bond distances ranging from 1.91–1.97 Å. There are four inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ba and one Br atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ba and one Br atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Ba and one Br atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Ba and one Br atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗