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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Hyperglycemia-induced Bcl-2/Bax-mediated apoptosis of Schwann cells via mTORC1/S6K1 inhibition in diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Highlights: • Activation of mTOR prevents high glucose-induced apoptosis in Schwann cells. • The mTORC1 regulates high glucose-induced mitochondria-controlled apoptosis in Schwann cells. • Phosphorylation of S6K1 as mTORC1 downstream target affects high glucose-induced cell apoptosis in Schwann cells. Schwann cell apoptosis is one of the characteristics of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a multifunctional signaling pathway that regulates cell apoptosis in various types of tissues and cells. To investigate whether the mTOR pathway is involved in cell apoptosis in the Schwann cells of DPN, diabetic mice and rat Schwann cells (RSC96) were chosen to detect phospho-mTOR (Ser 2448), phospho-S6K1 (Thr 389), phospho-4EBP1 (Thr 37/46), Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 by diverse pathological and biological techniques. The results showed that phospho-mTOR (Ser 2448) was decreased in the sciatic nerves of diabetic mice, concomitant with decreased Bcl-2, increased Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cell apoptosis. In addition, high glucose treatment for 72 h caused a 35.95% decrease in the phospho-mTOR (Ser 2448)/mTOR ratio, a 65.50% decrease in the phospho-S6K1 (Thr 389)/S6K1 ratio, a 3.67-fold increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and a 1.47-fold increase in the cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3 ratio. Furthermore, mTORC1 inhibition, rather than mTORC2 inhibition, resulted in mitochondrial controlled apoptosis in RSC96 cells by silencing RAPTOR or RICTOR. Again, suppression of the mTORC1 pathway by a chemical inhibitor led to mitochondrial controlled apoptosis in cultured RSC96 cells in vitro. By contrast, activation of the mTORC1 pathway with MHY1485 prevented decreased phospho-S6K1 (Thr 389) levels caused by high glucose and cell apoptosis. Additionally, constitutive activation of S6K1 avoided high glucose-induced cell apoptosis in RSC96 cells. In summary, our findings suggest that activating mTORC1/S6K1 signaling in Schwann cells may be a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of DPN.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1980

New technologies for solar energy silicon - Cost analysis of BCL process

New technologies for producing polysilicon are being developed to provide lower cost material for solar cells which convert sunlight into electricity. This article presents results for the BCL Process, which produces the solar-cell silicon by reduction of silicon tetrachloride with zinc vapor. Cost, sensitivity, and profitability analysis results are presented based on a preliminary process design of a plant to produce 1000 metric tons/year of silicon by the BCL Process. Profitability analysis indicates a sales price of $12.1-19.4 per kg of silicon (1980 dollars) at a 0-25 per cent DCF rate of return on investment after taxes. These results indicate good potential for meeting the goal of providing lower cost material for silicon solar cells.

Yaws, C. L.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on BCl by Materials Project

BCl crystallizes in the orthorhombic P2_12_12_1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of thirty-two chloroborane molecules. B is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The B–Cl bond length is 1.73 Å. Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on BCl by Materials Project

BCl is Cubane-like structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P4_2/nmc space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of eight chloroborane molecules. B is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The B–Cl bond length is 1.73 Å. Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pr8(BCl)7 by Materials Project

Pr8(BCl)7 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent Pr+3.50+ sites. In the first Pr+3.50+ site, Pr+3.50+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to five B3- and four Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Pr–B bond distances ranging from 2.61–3.01 Å. There are a spread of Pr–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.92–3.26 Å. In the second Pr+3.50+ site, Pr+3.50+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to five B3- and four Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Pr–B bond distances ranging from 2.62–3.00 Å. There are a spread of Pr–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.26 Å. In the third Pr+3.50+ site, Pr+3.50+ is bonded to one B3- and five Cl1- atoms to form distorted PrBCl5 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with two BPr4B3 pentagonal bipyramids and an edgeedge with one PrBCl5 pentagonal pyramid. The Pr–B bond length is 2.66 Å. There are a spread of Pr–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.88–3.03 Å. In the fourth Pr+3.50+ site, Pr+3.50+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to one B3- and five Cl1- atoms. The Pr–B bond length is 2.49 Å. There are a spread of Pr–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.88–3.03 Å. In the fifth Pr+3.50+ site, Pr+3.50+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to five B3- and four Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Pr–B bond distances ranging from 2.63–2.94 Å. There are a spread of Pr–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.13–3.28 Å. In the sixth Pr+3.50+ site, Pr+3.50+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six B3- and three Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Pr–B bond distances ranging from 2.71–2.74 Å. There are one shorter (2.97 Å) and two longer (3.06 Å) Pr–Cl bond lengths. In the seventh Pr+3.50+ site, Pr+3.50+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to eight B3- and three Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Pr–B bond distances ranging from 2.70–3.06 Å. There are one shorter (2.96 Å) and two longer (3.15 Å) Pr–Cl bond lengths. In the eighth Pr+3.50+ site, Pr+3.50+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to five B3- and four Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Pr–B bond distances ranging from 2.63–2.93 Å. There are a spread of Pr–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.13–3.35 Å. There are seven inequivalent B3- sites. In the first B3- site, B3- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to six Pr+3.50+ and three B3- atoms. There are a spread of B–B bond distances ranging from 1.68–1.96 Å. In the second B3- site, B3- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six Pr+3.50+ and three B3- atoms. There is one shorter (1.68 Å) and one longer (1.90 Å) B–B bond length. In the third B3- site, B3- is bonded to four Pr+3.50+ and three B3- atoms to form distorted BPr4B3 pentagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one PrBCl5 pentagonal pyramid, an edgeedge with one BPr5B octahedra, edges with two BPr4B3 pentagonal bipyramids, and a faceface with one BPr4B3 pentagonal bipyramid. There is one shorter (1.64 Å) and one longer (1.74 Å) B–B bond length. In the fourth B3- site, B3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to five Pr+3.50+ and two B3- atoms. The B–B bond length is 1.74 Å. In the fifth B3- site, B3- is bonded to five Pr+3.50+ and one B3- atom to form edge-sharing BPr5B octahedra. The B–B bond length is 1.74 Å. In the sixth B3- site, B3- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to six Pr+3.50+ and three B3- atoms. In the seventh B3- site, B3- is bonded to four Pr+3.50+ and three B3- atoms to form distorted BPr4B3 pentagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one PrBCl5 pentagonal pyramid, an edgeedge with one BPr5B octahedra, edges with two BPr4B3 pentagonal bipyramids, and a faceface with one BPr4B3 pentagonal bipyramid. There are eight inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Pr+3.50+ atoms. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Pr+3.50+ atoms. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Pr+3.50+ atoms. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Pr+3.50+ atoms. In the fifth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Pr+3.50+ atoms. In the sixth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Pr+3.50+ atoms. In the seventh Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Pr+3.50+ atoms. In the eighth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Pr+3.50+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cs(BCl)6 by Materials Project

Cs(BCl)6 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Cs sites. In the first Cs site, Cs is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Cl atoms. There are a spread of Cs–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.66–4.09 Å. In the second Cs site, Cs is bonded to twelve Cl atoms to form distorted edge-sharing CsCl12 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Cs–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.72–3.84 Å. There are four inequivalent B sites. In the first B site, B is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The B–Cl bond length is 1.80 Å. In the second B site, B is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The B–Cl bond length is 1.79 Å. In the third B site, B is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The B–Cl bond length is 1.80 Å. In the fourth B site, B is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The B–Cl bond length is 1.80 Å. There are four inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two equivalent Cs and one B atom. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two equivalent Cs and one B atom. In the third Cl site, Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cs and one B atom. In the fourth Cl site, Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two Cs and one B atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on BCl by Materials Project

BCl crystallizes in the cubic Pa-3 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of forty-eight chloroborane molecules. B is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The B–Cl bond length is 1.75 Å. Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

BCL::MP-fold: Membrane protein structure prediction guided by EPR restraints

For many membrane proteins, the determination of their topology remains a challenge for methods like X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has evolved as an alternative technique to study structure and dynamics of membrane proteins. The present study demonstrates the feasibility of membrane protein topology determination using limited EPR distance and accessibility measurements. The BCL::MP-Fold (BioChemical Library membrane protein fold) algorithm assembles secondary structure elements (SSEs) in the membrane using a Monte Carlo Metropolis (MCM) approach. Sampled models are evaluated using knowledge-based potential functions and agreement with the EPR data and a knowledge-based energy function. Twenty-nine membrane proteins of up to 696 residues are used to test the algorithm. The RMSD100 value of the most accurate model is better than 8 Å for 27, better than 6 Å for 22, and better than 4 Å for 15 of the 29 proteins, demonstrating the algorithms' ability to sample the native topology. The average enrichment could be improved from 1.3 to 2.5, showing the improved discrimination power by using EPR data. Proteins 2015; 83:1947–1962. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Biochemistry & Molecular Biology↗
DOE OSTI2020

Reaction of BCl 3 with H- and Cl-terminated Si(100) as a pathway for selective, monolayer doping through wet chemistry

The reaction of boron trichloride with the H and Cl-terminated Si(100) surfaces was investigated to understand the interaction of this molecule with the surface for designing wet-chemistry based silicon surface doping processes using a carbon- and oxygen-free precursor. The process was followed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Within the reaction conditions investigated, the reaction is highly effective on Cl-Si(100) for temperatures below 70°C, at which point both surfaces react with BCl$_3$. The XPS investigation followed the formation of a B 1s peak at 193.5 eV corresponding to (B-O)$_x$ species. Even the briefest exposure to ambient conditions lead to hydroxylation of surface borochloride species. However, the Si 2p signature at 102 eV allowed for a confirmation of the formation of a direct Si-B bond. Density functional theory was utilized to supplement the analysis and identify possible major surface species resulting from these reactions. This work provides a new pathway to obtain a functionalized silicon surface with a direct Si-B bond that can potentially be exploited as a means of selective, ultra-shallow, and supersaturated doping.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Inductively coupled BCl 3 /Cl 2 /Ar plasma etching of Al-rich AlGaN

Varying atomic ratios in compound semiconductors is well known to have large effects on the etching properties of the material. The use of thin device barrier layers, down to 25 nm, adds to the fabrication complexity by requiring precise control over etch rates and surface morphology. The effects of bias power and gas ratio of BCl 3 to Cl 2 for inductively coupled plasma etching of high Al content AlGaN were contrasted with AlN in this study for etch rate, selectivity, and surface morphology. Etch rates were greatly affected by both bias power and gas chemistry. Here we detail the effects of small variations in Al composition for AlGaN and show substantial changes in etch rate with regards to bias power as compared to AlN.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on BCl(OF2)2 by Materials Project

BF4ClO2 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cc space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four hypochlorous acid;hydrate molecules and four BF4 clusters. In each BF4 cluster, B is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four F atoms. There are a spread of B–F bond distances ranging from 1.39–1.45 Å. There are four inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on BCl(OF2)2 by Materials Project

BF4ClO2 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cc space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four hypochlorous acid;hydrate molecules and four BF4 clusters. In each BF4 cluster, B is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four F atoms. There are a spread of B–F bond distances ranging from 1.40–1.47 Å. There are four inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Materials Data on BCl by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Inhibition of Bcl-2/xl With ABT-263 Selectively Kills Senescent Type II Pneumocytes and Reverses Persistent Pulmonary Fibrosis Induced by Ionizing Radiation in Mice

Purpose: Ionizing radiation (IR)–induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is an irreversible and severe late effect of thoracic radiation therapy. The goal of this study was to determine whether clearance of senescent cells with ABT-263, a senolytic drug that can selectively kill senescent cells, can reverse PF. Methods and Materials: C57BL/6J mice were exposed to a single dose of 17 Gy on the right side of the thorax. Sixteen weeks after IR, they were treated with 2 cycles of vehicle or ABT-263 (50 mg/kg per day for 5 days per cycle) by gavage. The effects of ABT-263 on IR-induced increases in senescent cells; elevation in the expression of selective inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases; and the severity of the tissue injury and fibrosis in the irradiated lungs were evaluated 3 weeks after the last treatment, in comparison with the changes observed in the irradiated lungs before treatment or after vehicle treatment. Results: At 16 weeks after exposure of C57BL/6 mice to a single dose of 17 Gy, thoracic irradiation resulted in persistent PF associated with a significant increase in senescent cells. Treatment of the irradiated mice with ABT-263 after persistent PF had developed reduced senescent cells and reversed the disease. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that PF can be reversed by a senolytic drug such as ABT-263 after it becomes a progressive disease. Therefore, ABT-263 has the potential to be developed as a new treatment for PF.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗