Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “superconducting order parameter”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 343 records · Page 19
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2006

Polarimeter Arrays for Cosmic Microwave Background Measurements

We discuss general system architectures and specific work towards precision measurements of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization. The CMB and its polarization carry fundamental information on the origin, structure, and evolution of the universe. Detecting the imprint of primordial gravitational radiation on the faint polarization of the CMB will be difficult. The two primary challenges will be achieving both the required sensitivity and precise control over systematic errors. At anisotropy levels possibly as small as a few nanokelvin, the gravity-wave signal is faint compared to the fundamental sensitivity limit imposed by photon arrival statistics, and one must make simultaneous measurements with large numbers, hundreds to thousands, of independent background-limited direct detectors. Highly integrated focal plane architectures, and multiplexing of detector outputs, will be essential. Because the detectors, optics, and even the CMB itself are brighter than the faint gravity-wave signal by six to nine orders of magnitude, even a tiny leakage of polarized light reflected or diffracted from warm objects could overwhelm the primordial signal. Advanced methods of modulating only the polarized component of the incident radiation will play an essential role in measurements of CMB polarization. One promising general polarimeter concept that is under investigation by a number of institutions is to first use planar antennas to separate millimeter-wave radiation collected by a lens or horn into two polarization channels. Then the signals can be fed to a pair of direct detectors through a planar circuit consisting of superconducting niobium microstrip transmission lines, hybrid couplers, band-pass filters, and phase modulators to measure the Stokes parameters of the incoming radiation.

Stevenson, Thomas↗
DOE OSTI2020

Dynamical resilience to disorder: The dilute Hubbard model on the Lieb lattice

In itinerant systems, electron-electron interactions may lead to the formation of local magnetic moments and their effective exchange coupling, which in turn gives rise to long-range magnetic order. Therefore, when moment formation is weakened, such as in the single-band Hubbard model on a square lattice with the on-site repulsion being randomly switched off on a fraction $\textit{x}$ of sites, magnetic order is suppressed beyond some critical $x_c$, which was found to lie below the classical percolation threshold $x^{\text{(perc,sq)}}_c$. Here we study dilute magnetism in flat band systems, namely, in the Hubbard model on a “Lieb” lattice. Interestingly, we show that magnetic order persists to x almost twice as large as the classical percolation threshold for the lattice, thus emphasizing the central role of electron itinerancy to the magnetic response. Further, the analysis of the orbital-resolved order parameters reveals that the contribution of the fourfold coordinated $\textit{“d”}$ sites to magnetism is dramatically affected by dilution, while the localized $\textit{“p”}$ states of the flat band provide the dominant contribution to long-range correlations. We also examine the transport properties, which suggest the existence of an insulator-to-metal transition in the same range of the critical magnetic dilution.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2021

Localization dynamics in a centrally coupled system

In systems in which interactions couple a central degree of freedom and a bath, one would expect signatures of the bath's phase to be reflected in the dynamics of the central degree of freedom. This has been recently explored in connection with many-body localized baths coupled with a central qubit or a single-cavity mode - systems with growing experimental relevance in various platforms. Such models also have an interesting connection with Floquet many-body localization via quantizing the external drive, although this has been relatively unexplored. Here we adapt the multilayer multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) method, a well-known tree tensor network algorithm, to numerically simulate the dynamics of a central degree of freedom, represented by a d-level system (qudit), coupled to a disordered interacting one-dimensional spin bath. ML-MCTDH allows us to reach ≈10 2 lattice sites, a far larger system size than what is feasible with exact diagonalization or kernel polynomial methods. From the intermediate time dynamics, we find a well-defined thermodynamic limit for the qudit dynamics upon appropriate rescaling of the system-bath coupling. The spin system shows similar scaling collapse in the Edward-Anderson spin-glass order parameter or entanglement entropy at relatively short times. At longer timescales, we see slow growth of the entanglement, which may arise from dephasing mechanisms in the localized system or long-range interactions mediated by the central degree of freedom. Similar signs of localization are shown to appear as well with unscaled system-bath coupling.

1-dimensional spin chains↗
DOE OSTI2026

Readout Noise of Digital Frequency Multiplexed TES Detectors for CUPID

The superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) detectors have been the standard in cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments for almost two decades and are now being adapted for use in nuclear physics, such as neutrinoless double beta decay searches. In this article, we focus on a new high-bandwidth frequency multiplexed TES readout system developed for CUPID, a neutrinoless double beta decay experiment that will replace CUORE. In order to achieve the high energy resolution requirements for CUPID, the readout noise of the system must be kept to a minimum. Low TES operating resistance and long wiring between the readout SQUID and the warm electronics are needed for CUPID, prompting a careful consideration of the design parameters of this application of frequency multiplexing. In this work, we characterize the readout noise of the newly designed frequency multiplexed TES readout system for CUPID and construct a noise model to understand it. Here, we find that current sharing between the SQUID coil impedance and other branches of the circuit, as well as the long output wiring, worsen the readout noise of the system. To meet noise requirements, a SQUID with a low input inductance, high transimpedance, and/or low dynamic impedance is needed, and the wiring capacitance should be kept as small as possible. Alternatively, the option of adding a cryogenic low-noise amplifier at the output of the SQUID should be explored.

CUPID↗
DOE OSTI2021

The transport–structural correspondence across the nematic phase transition probed by elasto X-ray diffraction

Electronic nematicity in iron pnictide materials is coupled to both the lattice and the conducting electrons, which allows both structural and transport observables to probe nematic fluctuations and the order parameter. Here we combine simultaneous transport and X-ray diffraction measurements with in-situ tunable strain (elasto X-ray diffraction) to measure the temperature dependence of the shear modulus and elastoresistivity above the nematic transition and the spontaneous orthorhombicity and resistivity anisotropy below the nematic transition, all within a single sample of Ba(Fe 0.96 Co 0.04 ) 2 As 2 . The ratio of transport to structural quantities is nearly temperature independent over a 74 K range and agrees between the ordered and disordered phases. These results show that elasto X-ray diffraction is a powerful technique to probe the nemato-elastic and nemato-transport couplings, which have important implications to the nearby superconductivity. Furthermore, it also enables the measurement in the large strain limit, where the breakdown of the mean-field description reveals the intertwined nature of nematicity.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Ultrafast formation of topological defects in a two-dimensional charge density wave

Topological defects play a central role in dynamical systems undergoing a non-adiabatic transition. In solids, topological defects as a result of femtosecond laser excitation have attracted increasing interest not only because they are key to understanding phase transitions but also because they can generate a variety of hidden orders that are not accessible in thermal equilibrium. Despite the common occurrence of these defects in a non-equilibrium system, the fundamental limit on how fast they can emerge in solids and the generic pathway for defect creation at such fast timescales have remained open questions. Here we apply ultrafast electron diffraction to study the reciprocal-space signatures of transient defects in a two-dimensional charge density wave, where simultaneous measurements of both defect and phonon dynamics yield a microscopic view of defect formation in the femtosecond regime. We find that one-dimensional domain walls are generated well within 1 ps following photoexcitation, during which the defect growth is not dictated by the amplitude of the order parameter but is mediated by a non-thermal population of longitudinal optical phonons. In conclusion, our work provides a framework for the ultrafast engineering of topological defects that are coupled to specific collective modes, which will prove useful for the dynamical control of non-equilibrium phases in correlated materials.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2024

Giant nonreciprocity of current-voltage characteristics of noncentrosymmetric superconductor–normal metal–superconductor junctions

Here we develop a theory of nonreciprocal current-voltage (I-U) characteristics in noncentrosymmetric superconductor-normal metal-superconductor junctions. We show that at small voltages the nonreciprocal features of the I-U characteristics can be expressed entirely in terms of the dependence of the nonreciprocal part of the quasiparticle density of states in the normal metal part of the junction on the order parameter phase difference chi across the junction. The amplitude of the nonreciprocity in this regime is proportional to the inelastic quasiparticle relaxation time $\tau_{in}$, and can be much larger than that in normal materials, where it is proportional to the elastic relaxation time $\tau_{el}$. At low bias the I-U characteristics possess additional symmetry not present in normal conductors; they remain invariant under simultaneous reversal of current, voltage, and the magnetic field.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

Strain-tunable metamagnetic critical endpoint in Mott insulating rare-earth titanates

Rare-earth titanates are Mott insulators whose magnetic ground state—antiferromagnetic (AFM) or ferromagnetic (FM)—can be tuned by the radius of the rare-earth element. We combine phenomenology and first-principles calculations to shed light on the generic magnetic phase diagram of a chemically substituted titanate on the rare-earth site that interpolates between an AFM and a FM state. Octahedral rotations present in these perovskites cause the AFM order to acquire a small FM component—and vice-versa—removing any multicritical point from the phase diagram. However, for a wide parameter range, a first-order metamagnetic transition line terminating at a critical endpoint survives inside the magnetically ordered phase. Like the liquid-gas transition, a Widom line emerges from the endpoint, characterized by enhanced fluctuations. In contrast to metallic FMs, this metamagnetic transition involves two symmetry-equivalent and insulating canted spin states. Moreover, instead of a magnetic field, we show that uniaxial strain can be used to tune this transition to zero temperature, inducing a quantum critical endpoint.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Investigations in the tape-to-tape contact resistance and contact composition in superconducting CORC ® wires

Conductor on Round Core (CORC®) wires and cables, constructed from multiple layers of helically wound REBa 2 Cu 3 O 7–δ tapes, are a promising cable technology for high field magnet applications. An important feature of high-temperature superconductor cables is the ability to share current between conductors, allowing current to bypass drops in I c and minimizing the risk of hot spot formation, which could lead to potential burnout in the superconductor. In contrast to stacked-tape cables, which have continuous contact between tapes, in CORC® the transfer points occur at discrete tape crossovers. The tape-to-tape contact resistance, R c , plays a critical role in the current sharing capabilities and current distribution in cables. For the work reported here, special CORC® wires were manufactured using different winding parameters to investigate variations in R c . Variations comprised inclusion of a lubricant, different lubricant conductivity, inclusion of pre-tinning, and heating briefly to melt the solder. Cables were first tested as straight lengths, followed by bending to a 10 cm diameter. In straight cables R c values ranged from 1 to over 1000 μΩ cm 2 , depending on cabling parameters, with the highest values being found for cables made by the present 'standard' process. Bending the cables to a 10 cm diameter decreased R c by a factor 2–5. Tinning with PbSn decreased R c by three orders of magnitude compared to standard CORC® wires, and heat treating wires with tinned conductor resulted in only a small further decrease in R c . Based on the measured R c at an electric field of 1 μV cm –1 the resulting current transfer length between layers can range from a few millimeters to a tens of centimeters. Examination of contacts with a laser confocal microscope showed plastic deformation of the copper at the edges of the contact overlap area, apparently caused by thicker plating at tape edges digging into the copper of neighboring layers. These images reveal that only a fraction of the total contact surface may actually be touching when there is nothing to compensate for height differential. Images of the PbSn coated tapes indicated that application of solder produces a much more uniform contact surface and higher contact area. Furthermore, imaging of CORC® cross-sections confirmed that in the non-tinned cables there are many regions where tapes are not in contact, while in contrast the PbSn cable shows significantly more contact between the tapes. These different imaging techniques reveal that tape surface morphology is a significant parameter in determining R c .

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2020

Exploring physics of ferroelectric domain walls via Bayesian analysis of atomically resolved STEM data

The physics of ferroelectric domain walls is explored using the Bayesian inference analysis of atomically resolved STEM data. We demonstrate that domain wall profile shapes are ultimately sensitive to the nature of the order parameter in the material, including the functional form of Ginzburg-Landau-Devonshire expansion, and numerical value of the corresponding parameters. The preexisting materials knowledge naturally folds in the Bayesian framework in the form of prior distributions, with the different order parameters forming competing (or hierarchical) models. Here, we explore the physics of the ferroelectric domain walls in BiFeO 3 using this method, and derive the posterior estimates of relevant parameters. More generally, this inference approach both allows learning materials physics from experimental data with associated uncertainty quantification, and establishing guidelines for instrumental development answering questions on what resolution and information limits are necessary for reliable observation of specific physical mechanisms of interest.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2025

Dynamical phase transition in a strongly hybridized phonon-triplon chain

In this article, we study a dimerized spin-1/2 chain, such as CuGeO 3 , hosting triplon excitations coupled to optical phonons under weak terahertz laser driving. Both phonons and triplons weakly lose energy into the surrounding baths, forming a non-equilibrium steady state. In the strong phonon-triplon coupling regime, phonons near the two-triplon continuum hybridize strongly with triplons. Using mean-field Lindblad dynamics, we show that strong hybridization induces sharp first-order phase transitions—either single or simultaneous double—in the emission spectrum, mainly due to nonlinearities in the chain and the instantaneous breaking of spatial inversion symmetry, as captured by the phonon displacement. Using mean-field Floquet analysis of harmonic modes in both sectors, we analytically confirm the existence of these phase transitions. Furthermore, we map the complete steady-state phase diagram by varying key control parameters and provide experimentally relevant parameters for observing these transitions in laser-driven CuGeO 3 .

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2023

Multiple incommensurate magnetic states in the kagome antiferromagnet Na 2 Mn 3 Cl 8

The kagome lattice can host exotic magnetic phases arising from frustrated and competing magnetic interactions. However, relatively few insulating kagome materials exhibit incommensurate magnetic ordering. Here, we present a study of the magnetic structures and interactions of antiferromagnetic Na 2 Mn 3 Cl 8 with an undistorted Mn 2+ kagome network. Using neutron-diffraction and bulk magnetic measurements, we show that Na 2 Mn 3 Cl 8 hosts two different incommensurate magnetic states, which develop at T N1 = 1.6 K and T N2 = 0.6 K. Magnetic Rietveld refinements indicate magnetic propagation vectors of the form q=(q x , q y , $\frac{3}{2}$), and our neutron-diffraction data can be well described by cycloidal magnetic structures. By optimizing exchange parameters against magnetic diffuse-scattering data, we show that the spin Hamiltonian contains ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor and antiferromagnetic third-neighbor Heisenberg interactions, with a significant contribution from long-ranged dipolar coupling. This experimentally determined interaction model is compared with density-functional-theory simulations. Using classical Monte Carlo simulations, we show that these competing interactions explain the experimental observation of multiple incommensurate magnetic phases and may stabilize multi-q states. Here, our results expand the known range of magnetic behavior on the kagome lattice.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
NASA NTRS1998

High-Temperature Superconducting/Ferroelectric, Tunable Thin-Film Microwave Components

At the NASA Lewis Research Center, ferroelectric films such as SrTiO3 and Ba(sub x)Sr(sub 1-x)TiO3, are being used in conjunction with YBa(sub 2)Cu(sub 3)O(sub 7-delta) high-temperature superconducting thin films to fabricate tunable microwave components such as filters, phase shifters, and local oscillators. These structures capitalize on the variation of the dielectric constant of the ferroelectric film upon the application of a direct-current electric field, as well as on the low microwave losses of high-temperature superconductors relative to their conventional conductor counterparts. For example, the surface resistance for a YBa(sub 2)Cu(sub 3)O(sub 7-delta) thin film at 10 GHz and 77 K is more than two orders of magnitude lower than that of copper or gold at the same temperature and frequency. SrTiO3 and Ba(sub x)Sr(sub 1-x)TiO3 films are used because their crystal structure and lattice parameters are similar to those of YBa(sub 2)Cu(sub 3)O(sub 7-delta), thus enabling the growth of highly textured YBa(sub 2)Cu(sub 3)O(sub 7-delta) films with high critical current densities (i.e., greater than 1 MA/sq cm) on the underlying ferroelectric film, or alternatively, of highly textured ferroelectric film on the underlying YBa(sub 2)Cu(sub 3)O(sub 7-delta) film.

Miranda, Felix A.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Superconducting Effects in Optimization of Magnetic Penetration Thermometers for X-ray Microcalorimeters

We have made high resolution x-ray microcalorimeters using superconducting MoAu bilayers and Nb meander coils. The temperature sensor is a Magnetic Penetration Thermometer (MPT). Operation is similar to metallic magnetic calorimeters, but instead of the magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnetic alloy, we use the diamagnetic response of the superconducting MoAu to sense temperature changes in an x-ray absorber. Flux-temperature responsivtty can be large for small sensor heat capacity, with enough dynamic range for applications. We find models of observed flux-temperature curves require several effects to explain flux penetration or expulsion in the microscopic devices. The superconductor is non-local, with large coherence length and weak pinning of flux. At lowest temperatures, behavior is dominated by screening currents that vary as a result of the temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth, modified by the effect of the nonuniformity of the applied field occurring on a scale comparable to the coherence length. In the temperature regime where responslvity is greatest, spadal variations in the order parameter become important: both local variations as flux enters/leaves the film and an intermediate state is formed, and globally as changing stability of the electrical circuit creates a Meissner transition and flux is expelled/penetrates to minimize free energy.

Stevenson, Thomas R.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Exact results for nonlinear Drude weights in the spin-1/2 XXZ chain

Nonlinear Drude weight (NLDW) is a generalization of the linear Drude weight, which characterizes the nonlinear transport in quantum many-body systems. We investigate these weights for the spin-1/2 XXZ chain in the critical regime. The effects of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and an external magnetic field are also studied. Solving the Bethe equations numerically, we obtain these weights for very large system sizes and identify parameter regimes where the weights diverge in the thermodynamic limit. These divergences appear in all the orders studied in this Letter and can be regarded as a generic feature of the NLDWs. We study the origin of these divergences and reveal that they result from nonanalytic finite-size corrections to the ground-state energy. As a result, we compute closed-form expressions for several weights in the thermodynamic limit and find excellent agreement with the numerical results.

1-dimensional systems↗
DOE OSTI2023

Hydrodynamic theory of scrambling in chaotic long-range interacting systems

The Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piskunov (FKPP) equation provides a mean-field theory of out-of-time-ordered commutators in locally interacting quantum chaotic systems at high energy density. In systems with power-law interactions, the corresponding fractional-derivative FKPP equation provides an analogous mean-field theory. However, the fractional FKPP description is potentially subject to strong quantum fluctuation effects, so it is not clear a priori if it provides a suitable effective description for generic chaotic systems with power-law interactions. Here, in this work, we study this problem using a model of coupled quantum dots with interactions decaying as 1/r α , where each dot hosts N degrees of freedom. The large-N limit corresponds to the mean-field description, while quantum fluctuations contributing to the OTOC can be modeled by 1/N corrections consisting of a cutoff function and noise. Within this framework, we show that the parameters of the effective theory can be chosen to reproduce the butterfly light cone scalings previously found for N=1 and generic finite N. In order to reproduce these scalings, the fractional index μ in the FKPP equation needs to be shifted from the naïve value of μ=2⁢α–1 to a renormalized value μ=2⁢α–2. We provide supporting analytic evidence for the cutoff model and numerical confirmation for the full fractional FKPP equation with cutoff and noise.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2023

Spin-mediated Mott excitons

Motivated by recent experiments on Mott insulators, in both iridates and ultracold atoms, we theoretically study the effects of magnetic order on the Mott-Hubbard excitons. In particular, we focus on spin-mediated doublon-holon pairing in Hubbard materials. Here, we use several complementary theoretical techniques: Mean-field theory to describe the spin degrees of freedom, the self-consistent Born approximation to characterize individual charge excitations across the Hubbard gap, and the Bethe-Salpeter equation to identify bound states of doublons and holons. The binding energy of the Mott exciton is found to increase with increasing the Néel order parameter, whereas the exciton mass decreases. We observe that these trends rely significantly on the retardation of the effective interaction, and require consideration of multiple effects from changing the magnetic order. Our results are consistent with the key qualitative trends observed in recent experiments on iridates. Moreover, the findings could have direct implications on ultracold atom Mott insulators where the Hubbard model is the exact description of the system and the microscopic degrees of freedom can be directly accessed.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2024

Alloying effect of rare-earth tritellurides on the charge density wave and magnetic properties

Among many van der Waals materials rare-earth tritellurides (RTe3) allow studying several phenomena like magnetic, superconducting, and charge density wave (CDW). These studies show the effect of cationic alloying of antiferromagnetic RTe3 for fully tunable near room-temperature CDW properties. DyxGd1−xTe3 and DyxTb1−xTe3 alloys were synthesized through a chemical vapor transport technique, and the rare-earth element composition was controlled by changing the ratio of rare-earth metal reagents. The results show that the lattice parameters can be continuously tuned with the composition of the rare-earth cations leading to the variation of the internal chemical pressure. Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy and electric transport measurement show that the CDW transition temperature (TCDW) of RTe3 alloys varies with lattice parameters/chemical pressure spanning across 300–380 K. Additional magnetism studies offer the first insights into the magnetic ordering in RTe3 alloys. The emergence of multiple magnetic transitions implies complex magnetic interactions that arise from interactions between different rare-earth elements. Overall findings introduce ways to control the CDW behavior and provide valuable insights into the magnetic ordering in RTe3 alloys, contributing to further investigation and a better understanding of their properties.

Physics↗