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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 343 records · Page 19
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Integration of energy storage with diesel generation in remote communities

Highlights Battery energy storage may improve energy efficiency and reliability of hybrid energy systems composed by diesel and solar photovoltaic power generators serving isolated communities. In projects aiming update of power plants serving electrically isolated communities with redundant diesel generation, battery energy storage can improve overall economic performance of power supply system by reducing fuel usage, decreasing capital costs by replacing redundant diesel generation units, and increasing generator system life by shortening yearly runtime. Fast-acting battery energy storage systems with grid-forming inverters might have potential for improving drastically the reliability indices of isolated communities currently supplied by diesel generation. Abstract This paper will highlight unique challenges and opportunities with regard to energy storage utilization in remote, self-sustaining communities. The energy management of such areas has unique concerns. Diesel generation is often the go-to power source in these scenarios, but these systems are not devoid of issues. Without dedicated maintenance crews as in large, interconnected network areas, minor interruptions can be frequent and invasive not only for those who lose power, but also for those in the community that must then correct any faults. Although the immediate financial benefits are perhaps not readily apparent, energy storage could be used to address concerns related to reliability, automation, fuel supply concerns, generator degradation, solar utilization, and, yes, fuel costs to name a few. These ideas are shown through a case study of the Levelock Village of Alaska. Currently, the community is faced with high diesel prices and a difficult supply chain, which makes temporary loss of power very common and reductions in fuel consumption very impactful. This study will investigate the benefits that an energy storage system could bring to the overall system life, fuel costs, and reliability of the power supply. The variable efficiency of the generators, impact of startup/shutdown process, and low-load operation concerns are considered. The technological benefits of the combined system will be explored for various scenarios of future diesel prices and technology maintenance/replacement costs as well as for the avoidance of power interruptions that are so common in the community currently. Graphic abstract Discussion In several cases, energy storage can provide a means to promote energy equity by improving remote communities’ power supply reliability to levels closer to what the average urban consumer experiences at a reduced cost compared to transmission buildout. Furthermore, energy equity represents a hard-to-quantify benefit achieved by the integration of energy storage to isolated power systems of under-served communities, which suggests that the financial aspects of such projects should be questioned as the main performance criterion. To improve battery energy storage system valuation for diesel-based power systems, integration analysis must be holistic and go beyond fuel savings to capture every value stream possible.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Thermal energy storage in concrete utilizing a thermosiphon heat exchanger

The performance of a lab-scale concrete thermal energy storage (TES) module with a 2-kWh thermal capacity is evaluated at temperatures up to 400 °C. The TES module uses conventional normal weight concrete with thermal and mechanical properties that are tailored for use as a solid thermal energy storage media. A thermosiphon heat exchanger is used to provide rapid heat transfer into the concrete module, which is reinforced with a steel pipe outer shell. The charging and discharging cycles are examined to assess the thermal performance of the concrete and thermosiphon. Based on the results of testing, the thermosiphon is able to repeatably charge the concrete module from 300 to 400 °C over a 4-h period. After 2250 total hours of charge and discharge cycles, there was no observed delamination between the concrete and the thermosiphon or the steel jacket reinforcement. Non-destructive measurements of the concrete indicated no significant degradation of the solid storage media. The experimental results are then used to validate a numerical model of the concrete TES module for parametric study. Finally, varying insulation conditions were analyzed using this model to determine practical configurations for regular operation of the proposed concrete TES module.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Integrated Heat Exchanger-Phase Change Material Thermal Energy Storage System

The purpose of this study is to experimentally investigate the thermal performance of an innovative thermal energy storage (TES) system that combines the advantages of the phase-change material (PCM)/graphite foam latent heat TES medium developed at Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) and the internally supported plate-fin (ISPE) cell architecture heat transfer fluid (HTF) flow channels developed at Brayton Energy (Brayton). Several essential tasks were accomplished: (1) Thermal property characterization. Thermal properties of the graphite foam were characterized, providing necessary data for experimental result analysis and numerical simulation. (2) Design and optimization of lab-scale test module. Based on Brayton’s full-scale heat exchanger (HX)-TES system, the experimental test module was designed, optimized, and fabricated. (3) Thermal performance testing and data analysis. Five cycle tests were successfully conducted—including one with approximately 3.5 psig of pressure applied to the diaphragms—to investigate the thermal performance of the experimental test module for charging and discharging. Temperature profiles were generated for each charging test and discharging test as a function of time. The temperature profiles clearly show three TES stages: sensible heat (temperature increase), latent heat (melting), and sensible heat (temperature increase) for the charging process. Similarly, the temperature profiles clearly show three thermal energy release stages: sensible heat (temperature decrease), latent heat (solidification), and sensible heat (temperature decrease). Melting and solidification of the PCM generally occurred in relatively narrow temperature ranges, indicated by the flattened temperature regions in the temperature profiles. These phase changes ranged approximately 3°C for melting and 3.5°C for solidification. The charging and discharging temperature profiles were similar for similar experimental parameter tests whether or not pressure was applied to the diaphragm to eliminate the gap between the HX surface and the TES subsystem. This indicates that the effect of a small gap between the HX surface and the TES subsystem is insignificant for charging and discharging. (4) Comparison of experimental data and simulation results. We compared the experimental data to the numerical simulation results. Numerical simulations were conducted by using the ANSYS FLUENT 2019 R3 commercial computational fluid dynamics software. The predicted phase-change times agreed reasonably well with those from the experimental data. In most cases, the estimated time differences between the relative phase changes were within 16%. The predicted start and end times for the charging process agreed well with those from the experimental data. However, the simulation results showed earlier start and end times than the experimental data for the discharging process. Overall, the experimental data and its comparison with the simulation predictions verified the technical viability of the integrated ISPF HX-PCM/graphite foam latent-heat TES system.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

High Power Density Thermal Energy Storage With Phase Change Material in Enhanced Compact Heat Exchangers

Abstract Performance of a novel ultracompact thermal energy storage (TES) heat exchanger, designed as a microchannel finned-tube exchanger is presented. With water as the heating–cooling fluid in the microchannels, a salt hydrate phase change material (PCM), lithium nitrate trihydrate (LiNO3 · 3H2O), was encased on the fin side. To establish the hypothesis that small-length-scale encasement (<3 mm) of PCM substantially enhances heat transfer to yield very high power-density energy storage, heat exchanger designs with 10 and 24 fins/inch were considered. They were subjected to thermal cycling, or repeated heating (melting) and cooling (freezing), with inlet fluid flow mimicking diurnal variation between 42 °C and 25 °C (representing typical arid-region conditions) over an accelerated time period. By employing salt self-seeding to obviate subcooling during cooling or recrystallization, the TES was found to exhibit stable long-term (100 heating–cooling cycles) operation with very high PCM-side heat transfer coefficients (∼100–500 W/m2 K) and storage power density (∼160–175 kW/m3). In fact, with optimization of heating–cooling fluid flowrate for given charging–discharging time period and exchanger size, power density >300 kW/m3 can be achieved. The results clearly establish that highly compact heat exchangers used as TES units can provide very high-performance alternatives to conventional ones.

Engineering↗
DOE OSTI2026

Hydrophobic Metal–Organic Frameworks Enable Superior High-Pressure Ammonia Storage through Geometric Design

Hydrophobic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are typically overlooked for ammonia storage due to weak host–guest interactions. Here, we demonstrate that four structurally analogous aluminum-based MOFs exhibit a counterintuitive behavior whereby framework geometry, rather than ligand hydrophilicity, determines high-pressure NH 3 adsorption performance. The hydrophobic CAU-23 achieved an exceptional capacity matching hydrophilic analogs despite its poor low-pressure uptake. This pressure-dependent enhancement stems from the unique 4-cis-4-trans geometry of CAU-23 compared to the purely cis arrangement of MIL-160 and KMF-1 and the alternating cis-trans configuration of MOF-303. Critically, CAU-23 retained 95% capacity over three high-pressure cycles, whereas hydrophilic MOFs suffered 39–46% irreversible losses due to strong NH 3 -framework interactions that compromise structural integrity. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations reveal that high pressure enables NH 3 clustering through intermolecular hydrogen bonding, bypassing the need for strong host–guest interactions. High-pressure powder X-ray diffraction measurements confirm the exceptional mechanical resilience of CAU-23, showing complete structural recovery upon decompression despite exhibiting the highest pressure sensitivity among the studied MOFs. An extended analog, HE-CAU-23, validates this design principle with further enhanced capacity. Furthermore, these findings reveal a paradigm shift toward hydrophobic MOFs with optimized geometry for high-performance and regenerable gas storage applications.

MOFs↗
DOE OSTI2022

Scalable training of graph convolutional neural networks for fast and accurate predictions of HOMO-LUMO gap in molecules

Abstract Graph Convolutional Neural Network (GCNN) is a popular class of deep learning (DL) models in material science to predict material properties from the graph representation of molecular structures. Training an accurate and comprehensive GCNN surrogate for molecular design requires large-scale graph datasets and is usually a time-consuming process. Recent advances in GPUs and distributed computing open a path to reduce the computational cost for GCNN training effectively. However, efficient utilization of high performance computing (HPC) resources for training requires simultaneously optimizing large-scale data management and scalable stochastic batched optimization techniques. In this work, we focus on building GCNN models on HPC systems to predict material properties of millions of molecules. We use HydraGNN, our in-house library for large-scale GCNN training, leveraging distributed data parallelism in PyTorch. We use ADIOS, a high-performance data management framework for efficient storage and reading of large molecular graph data. We perform parallel training on two open-source large-scale graph datasets to build a GCNN predictor for an important quantum property known as the HOMO-LUMO gap. We measure the scalability, accuracy, and convergence of our approach on two DOE supercomputers: the Summit supercomputer at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) and the Perlmutter system at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). We present our experimental results with HydraGNN showing (i) reduction of data loading time up to 4.2 times compared with a conventional method and (ii) linear scaling performance for training up to 1024 GPUs on both Summit and Perlmutter.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Ionically Active MXene Nanopore Actuators

Reversible electrochemical intercalation of cations into the interlayer space of 2D materials induces tunable physical and chemical properties in them. In MXenes, a large class of recently developed 2D carbides and nitrides, low intercalation energy, high storage capacitance, and reversible intercalation of various cations have led to their improved performance in sensing and energy storage applications. In this work, a coupled nanopore-actuator system where an ultrathin free-standing MXene film serves as a nanopore support membrane and ionically active actuator is reported. In this system, the contactless MXene membrane in the electric field affects the cation movement in the field through their (de)intercalation between individual MXene flakes. This results in reversible swelling and contraction of the membrane monitored by ionic conductance through the nanopore. This unique nanopore coupled to a mechanical actuation system could provide new insights into designing single-molecule biosensing platforms at the nanoscale.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Atomistic insights into the synergistic effects of tensile strain and hydroxyl group on increasing the thermal conductivity of monohydric alcohols as latent heat storage materials

The low thermal conductivity of linear monohydric alcohols significantly limits their performance when used as latent heat storage materials. It was found that imposing certain mechanical strains on nanomaterials with highly ordered structures can lead to appreciable thermal conductivity enhancement. To explore the potential of enhancing the intrinsic thermal conductivity of monohydric alcohols, a simplified ideal crystal model was employed for molecular arrangement in this work. The variation of atomistic heat transfer as a function of tensile strains was exploited by non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, the influence of stretching on the vibration density of states and the corresponding molecular morphology were revealed. The results suggested that the thermal conductivity of monohydric alcohols with such simplified ideal crystalline structures can increase by about 170 % at the strain of 0.1. The distance between neighboring interfaces was found to determine the energy of inter-molecular interactions at the crystal grain boundaries. The hydrogen bonds energy has not reached the critical value when increasing tensile strains from 0 to 0.1. In contrast, the strongest van der Walls interactions for alkanes were obtained at the strain of 0.06 where the interfacial distances of alkanes have achieved their equilibrium distances. In addition, the interfacial heat transfer coefficient of ideal crystal monohydric alcohols at hydroxyl interfaces was found to be threefold than that between methyl interfaces, in consistent with the strength of inter-molecular interactions between functional groups at the interfaces.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Development & Experimental Validation of a Generalized Resistance-Capacitance Model for Numerical Simulation of Phase-Change Material Embedded Heat Exchangers

Latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) using phase change material (PCM) has attracted increased attention as a viable solution for overcoming the mismatch between energy supply and demand for renewable energy-based systems. PCM-embedded heat exchangers (PCM-HX) have the potential to significantly improve thermal performance due to high storage capacity and low temperature variation during the phase change process. Most models for simulating LHTES heat transfer use Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, which have high computational costs resulting from considering the complex and time-dependent physics relevant to PCM-HXs. In this paper, a Generalized Resistance Capacitance-based Model (GRCM) was developed to predict the thermal performance of arbitrary PCM-HXs in a computationally efficient manner without compromising modeling accuracy. The GRCM is exercised for three case studies: (i) verification for a single-slabbed finned PCM-HX, (ii) verification and validation for a copper foam/paraffin composite PCM-HX, and (iii) validation for a straight tube annular finned PCM-HX. The copper foam PCM-HX uses an electric heater at the top of HX, while the other two configurations utilize water as heat transfer fluid. For the single-slabbed finned PCM-HX melting case, the mean deviation in average PCM temperature predicted by the GRCM compared to the CFD model was between 0.56 – 0.73 K, with maximum temperature deviation of 2.68 K. For the HTF outlet temperature, the validation results showed that GRCM prediction matches very well with experimental data, with mean temperature deviation of 0.24 K during melting case, while for solidification case was 0.34 K. These results showcase the GRCM’s capability for accurately reproducing the thermal characteristics of PCM-HXs with considerably lower computational effort.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Impact of low-chemical storage pretreatment of loblolly pine bark on biochar from microwave pyrolysis

Forest product residues such as bark represent a low-cost, abundant feedstock for bioenergy, but their high ash and alkali and alkaline earth metal (AAEM) content limit thermochemical conversion efficiency. This study evaluates the use of low-severity chemical pretreatments during anaerobic storage to improve the performance of microwave pyrolysis for loblolly pine bark. Bark was treated with dilute sulfuric acid (0.1% and 1%, w/w) or sodium hydroxide (4%, w/w) and incubated anaerobically for one or two weeks to simulate in-pile biorefinery storage. The most effective treatment—1% H2SO4 for two weeks—reduced AAEM content by 35.7% and increased bio-oil yield by 11% compared to untreated controls, while also reducing pyrolysis gas production. In contrast, alkali treatment did not reduce AAEM levels and led to decreased bio-oil yields with increased gas formation. Although biochar yields were relatively stable across treatments, their physicochemical characteristics varied significantly. Acid-treated bark yielded biochars with higher carbon content, lower O/C and H/C ratios, greater surface area, and enhanced heating values. These improvements suggest that chemical pretreatment during storage can tailor biochar quality for specific end uses. Biochars produced under optimized conditions exhibited properties suitable for soil amendment, carbon sequestration, and solid fuel applications. This integrated approach—combining storage, mild chemical conditioning, and microwave pyrolysis—provides a viable pathway to enhance the value and sustainability of bark-derived bioenergy products.

09 - BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Influence of near-surface oxide layers on TiFe hydrogenation: mechanistic insights and implications for hydrogen storage applications

The inevitable formation of passivating oxide films on the surface of the TiFe intermetallic compound limits its performance as a stationary hydrogen storage material. Extensive experimental efforts have been dedicated to the activation of TiFe, i.e. oxide layer removal prior to utilization for hydrogen storage. However, development of an efficient activation protocol necessitates a fundamental understanding of the composition and structure of the air-exposed surface and its interaction with hydrogen, which is currently absent. Therefore, in this study we explored the growth and nature of oxide films on the most exposed TiFe surface (110) in depth using static and dynamic first-principles methods. We identified the lowest energy structures for six oxygen coverages up to approximately 1.12 nm of thickness with a global optimization method and studied the temperature effects and structural evolution of the oxide phases in detail via ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD). Based on structural similarity and coordination analysis, motifs for TiO 2 and TiFeO 3 as well as Ti(FeO 2 ) x (x = 2, 3 or 5) phases were identified. On evaluating the interaction of the oxidized surface with hydrogen, a minimal energy barrier of 0.172 eV was predicted for H 2 dissociation while H migration from the top of the oxidized surface to the bulk TiFe was limited by several high-lying energy barriers above 1.4 eV. Our mechanistic insights will prove themselves valuable for informed designs towards new activation methods of TiFe and related systems as hydrogen storage materials.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2021

Technical and economic feasibility of molten chloride salt thermal energy storage systems

A techno-economic study is performed to assess the feasibility of molten chloride salt thermal energy storage (TES) systems for next generation concentrating solar power. Refractory liners internally insulate tanks to allow tank shells to be constructed from carbon steel. The liner must not be wetted by salt to maintain predictable thermal properties and manageable heat loss out of the tank. The commercial scale tank liner is an anchored brick and mortar design with expansion joints to accommodate thermal expansion. Furthermore, finite element analysis is performed to optimize the thermal and mechanical profile of the tank. Equalizing the shell temperature between the water-cooled foundation and the shell wall is necessary to minimize differential thermomechanical stress and lower overall stress values below industrial allowable limits. The cost of the TES system is estimated to be $60/kWhth, which is four times greater than Department of Energy targets. Solutions to reduce system cost and overall risk are proposed.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Stability and Performance of 3d Transition Metal Carbo‐Sulfides: A Density Functional Theory Exploration for Li‐Ion Battery Anodes

As the demand for high-performance and reliable energy storage devices continues to rise, identifying new anode materials is crucial for advancing Li-ion battery (LIB) technology. Inspired by recent experimental breakthroughs in synthesizing two-dimensional transition metal carbo-chalcogenides (2D-TMCCs), density functional theory calculations are performed to systematically explore their sulfide variants (TM 2 S 2 C) spanning all 3d transition metals in three possible phases. Through comprehensive evaluations of thermodynamic, dynamic, mechanical, and thermal stabilities, seven stable 2D-TMCC candidates are identified, four of which exhibit superior battery performance. Notably, V-based 2D-TMCCs across all three phases deliver moderate open-circuit voltages (OCV), efficient Li diffusion, and substantial capacities, making them promising candidates for industrial applications without requiring specific phase controls. A Cr-based 2D-TMCC (with sulfur atoms above carbon atoms) offers the highest capacity of 515.40 mAh g −1 , the lowest Li diffusion barrier, and an optimal OCV, highlighting its appealing potential as an anode material for LIBs. Furthermore, significant Li–Li spacing and pronounced electron delocalization in these four 2D-TMCCs suggest a reduced risk of dendrite formation. This work expands the 2D-TMCC family and identifies up-and-coming candidates for next-generation LIB anodes.

anode materials↗
DOE OSTI2020

Current status and future directions of multivalent metal-ion batteries

Batteries based on multivalent metals have the potential to meet the future needs of large-scale energy storage, due to the relatively high abundance of elements such as magnesium, calcium, aluminium and zinc in the Earth’s crust. However, the com- plexity of multivalent metal-ion chemistries has led to rampant confusions, technical challenges, and eventually doubts and uncertainties about the future of these technologies. In this Review, we clarify the key strengths as well as common misconceptions of multivalent metal-based batteries. We then examine the growth behaviour of metal anodes, which is crucial for their safety promises but hitherto unestablished. We further discuss scrutiny of anode efficiency and cathode storage mechanism pertaining to complications arising from electrolyte solutions. Lastly, we critically review existing cathode materials and discuss design strategies to enable genuine multivalent metal-ion-based energy storage materials with competitive performance.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Economic Comparison Between Battery and Supercapacitor for Hourly Dispatching Wave Energy Converter Power

This paper demonstrates a dispatching scheme of slider-crank wave energy converter (WEC) power generation using two different kinds of energy storage components, namely, Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery and Supercapacitors (SC). The performance of the two energy storage components has been compared in order to develop the most economical energy storage system for WEC hourly dispatching scheme. The cost optimization of the energy storage system considering both cycling and calendar aging expenses is made based on its usage of depth of discharge. In this study, extensive simulation is conducted in MATLAB/Simulink platform, and it is found that SC is a better solution than Li-ion battery in terms of economic assessment for hourly dispatching WEC power.

50 EE - Wind and Water Power Program - Water (EE-4↗
DOE OSTI2023

System Analysis Support of Consent-Based Siting Efforts - 23400

To better enable informed decision-making regarding the back end of the nuclear fuel cycle, the Integrated Waste Management (IWM) program within the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) has been sponsoring the development and application of system analysis tools capable of analyzing various system options for the management of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and high-level radioactive waste. With these tools, integrated waste management system (IWMS) architecture analyses are being conducted to support the future deployment of a comprehensive nuclear waste management system that considers all major back-end aspects of the nuclear fuel cycle (i.e., transportation, storage, and disposal). System analyses and assessments typically use these modeling and simulation tools to investigate things like the implications of changes in various assumptions and parameters such as acceptance rates, receipt logic, facility capacities and capabilities, use of standardized canisters, and different assumed system operation start dates. Some example system analysis results have been published previously. With the passage of the consolidated appropriations acts for fiscal years 2021 and 2022, Congress provided funding and direction for the DOE to move forward with interim storage to support near-term action in managing the nation’s SNF as an important component of an IWMS. Consent-based siting is a phased, adaptive, and collaborative approach to siting facilities that focuses on the needs and concerns of people and communities. Communities participate in the siting process by working carefully through a series of phases and steps with the DOE (as the implementing organization). Each step and phase helps a community determine whether and how hosting a facility to manage SNF is aligned to the community’s goals. By its nature, a consent-based siting process must be transparent, flexible, adaptive, and responsive to community concerns. Thus, the phases and steps are intended to serve as a guide, not a prescriptive set of instructions. System analysis research analysts interface with DOE’s consent-based siting for a federal interim storage program and can perform preliminary system analyses as requested to support various aspects of the consent-based siting team’s work. This paper provides an overview of IWM program’s system analysis activities that support the ongoing consent-based siting process. The questions that decision-makers, planners, communities, and stakeholders might have during the consent-based siting process are similar to questions that have been explored by system analysts previously. Specifically, this paper discusses work that will inform consent-based siting efforts in the areas of community impacts, cost estimates, various SNF acceptance rates by potential facilities, potential consolidated interim storage facility (CISF) capacities and configurations, and the implications of a CISF on the overall waste management system. It is expected that system analysis will continue to be performed to support the consent-based siting process in the future.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2025

BatteryPro: A Python Toolkit for Battery Data Analysis and Machine Learning Predictions

Analyzing battery test data for research & development can be time-consuming since battery tests often run on the order of months to years, generating large volumes of data. BatteryPro is a comprehensive Python package and software designed to facilitate advanced analysis and performance predictions for battery test data. Developed for battery researchers, it supports data types from widely used battery testing instruments, including MACCOR and Biologic cycling systems. The software provides a variety of tools for extracting and plotting key battery parameters such as time, voltage, capacity, current, and pressure. In addition to its extensive data analysis capabilities, BatteryPro features a dedicated machine learning module that employs a Bayesian Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) to predict battery performance and degradation. Users can generate synthetic capacity fade data, calculate fade metrics, and leverage predictive models to forecast long-term battery behavior. The software's graphical user interface (GUI) enhances usability, allowing researchers to upload, merge, and analyze multiple data files with full customizability. The GUI also supports machine learning predictions, enabling users to fit models and make predictions based on selected data and parameters. BatteryPro is built using QtDesigner, scikit-learn, matplotlib, and pandas, ensuring a high level of customization, flexibility, and accuracy in battery data analysis. This tool aims to empower researchers with the ability to perform detailed battery analysis and make informed predictions, ultimately advancing the field of battery research.

25 - ENERGY STORAGE↗