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At least 343 records · Page 19
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Characterization of Low Gain Avalanche Detector Prototypes’ Response to Gamma Radiation

Motivated by the need for fast timing detectors to withstand up to 2 MGy of ionizing dose at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, prototype low gain avalanche detectors (LGADs) have been fabricated in a single pad configuration, 2 × 2 arrays, and related p-i-n diodes, and exposed to Co-60 sources for study. Devices were fabricated with a range of dopant layer concentrations, and for the arrays, a variety of inter-pad distances and distances from the active area to the edge. Measurements of capacitance versus voltage and leakage current versus voltage have been made to compare pre- and post-irradiation characteristics in gain layer depletion voltage, full bulk depletion voltage, and breakdown voltage. Conclusions are drawn regarding the effects of the gammas on both surface and interface states and on their contribution to acceptor removal through non-ionizing energy loss from Compton electrons or photoelectrons. Comparison of the performances of members of the set of devices can be used to optimize gain layer parameters.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
NASA NTRS1981

Wideband comet camera lens design

A quarter-meter diameter, modified Ritchey-Chretien camera is described for spacecraft-based observation of Halley's Comet. The system will operate over an unusually broad spectral region, from 0.1216 micron (the hydrogen Lyman-alpha line) to 1.1 microns using reflective primary and secondary mirror optics and a thin UV-grade lithium fluoride refractive element as a field corrector near the image plane. The f/12, 3000 mm focal length camera has a 0.4 deg full field of view for operation with a 15 x 15 mm charge-coupled device detector array. The UV-enhanced silicon CCD detector is a 1000 x 1000 array of 15 micron pixels which establishes the system resolution requirement. The optical design and performance are discussed, with an emphasis on the image analysis with respect to pixel resolution elements used for viewing extended objects such as comets.

Huber, E. D.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Expression of Interest in Contributions to the Electron-Ion Collider: Forward Silicon Vertex/Tracker Developments

The LANL EIC team would like to contribute to the EIC silicon vertex/tracking detector design, construction, commissioning and operation. Our primary focus is for a proposed forward silicon tracker with pseudorapidity coverage from 1 to 3.5 in the nucleon/nuclei beam going (forward) direction at IP-6 of the EIC. LANL LDRD is currently supporting this effort from FY20-FY22 with a funding of $5M. Meanwhile, we are open to collaborate on the other EIC detector sub-systems such as the central, backward silicon vertex/tracking detectors and/or a precision timing detector based on the LGAD technology.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2022

High-resolution Compton spectroscopy using x-ray microcalorimeters

X-ray Compton spectroscopy is one of the few direct probes of the electron momentum distribution of bulk materials in ambient and operando environments. Herein, we report high-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering experiments with high momentum and energy transfer performed at a storage-ring-based high-energy x-ray light source facility using an x-ray transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeter detector. The performance was compared with a silicon drift detector (SDD), an energy-resolving semiconductor detector, and Compton profiles were measured for lithium and cobalt oxide powders relevant to lithium-ion battery research. Spectroscopic analysis of the measured Compton profiles demonstrates the high-sensitivity to the low- Z elements and oxidation states. The line shape analysis of the measured Compton profiles in comparison with computed Hartree–Fock profiles is usually limited by the resolution of the semiconductor detector. We have characterized an x-ray TES microcalorimeter detector for high-resolution Compton scattering experiments using a bending magnet source at the Advanced Photon Source with a double crystal monochromator, providing monochromatic photon energies near 27.5 keV. The momentum resolution below 0.16 atomic units (a.u.) was measured, yielding an improvement of more than a factor of 7 over a state-of-the-art SDD for the same scattering geometry. Furthermore, the lineshapes of narrow valence and broad core electron profiles of sealed lithium metal were clearly resolved using an x-ray TES compared to smeared and broadened lineshapes observed when using the SDD. High-resolution Compton scattering using the energy-resolving area detector shown here presents new opportunities for spatial imaging of electron momentum distributions for a wide class of materials with applications ranging from electrochemistry to condensed matter physics.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2021

The CMS Phase-1 Pixel Detector Upgrade

The CMS detector at the CERN LHC features a silicon pixel detector as its innermost subdetector. The original CMS pixel detector has been replaced with an upgraded pixel system (CMS Phase-1 pixel detector) in the extended year-end technical stop of the LHC in 2016/2017. The upgraded CMS pixel detector is designed to cope with the higher instantaneous luminosities that have been achieved by the LHC after the upgrades to the accelerator during the first long shutdown in 2013–2014. Compared to the original pixel detector, the upgraded detector has a better tracking performance and lower mass with four barrel layers and three endcap disks on each side to provide hit coverage up to an absolute value of pseudorapidity of 2.5. This paper describes the design and construction of the CMS Phase-1 pixel detector as well as its performance from commissioning to early operation in collision data-taking.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2020

Measuring the impact ionization and charge trapping probabilities in SuperCDMS HVeV phonon sensing detectors

A 0.93 g 1×1×0.4 cm 3 SuperCDMS silicon HVeV detector operated at 30 mK was illuminated by 1.91 eV photons using a room temperature pulsed laser coupled to the cryostat via fiber optic. In this work, the detector’s response under a variety of specific operating conditions was used to study the detector leakage current, charge trapping, and impact ionization in the high-purity Si substrate. The measured probabilities for a charge carrier in the detector to undergo charge trapping (0.713±0.093%) or cause impact ionization (1.576±0.110%) were found to be nearly independent of bias polarity and charge-carrier type (electron or hole) for substrate biases of ±140 V.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
NASA NTRS1994

Two-Dimensional Interdigitated Pixel Detector for Energetic Particle Spectrometers

This paper describes a type of cosmic ray detector suitable for the construction of a small, low power space-based instrument to detect the energy and isotope of energetic nuclei, such as those produced by solar flares. The detector is similar to previous types of silicon PIN detectors where the fully depleted body of the wafer comprises intrinsic region of the PIN structure. The novel aspect of this detector is that the one surface is divided into a two-dimensional array of pixels, and that the collected holes are divided between a row and a column collector in each pixel, yielding both dimensions of position information from this side of the detector.

cosmic↗
DOE OSTI2020

Development of a High-Rate Front-End ASIC for X-Ray Spectroscopy and Diffraction Applications

We developed a new front-end application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to upgrade the Maia X-ray microprobe. The ASIC instruments 32 configurable channels that perform either positive or negative charge amplification, pulse shaping, peak amplitude, and time extraction along with buffered analog storage. At a gain of 3.6 V/fC, 1-μs peaking time, and a temperature of 248 K, an electronic resolution of 13 and 10 e- rms was measured with and without a silicon drift detector (SDD) sensor, respectively. A spectral resolution of 170-eV full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) at 5.9 keV was obtained with an 55Fe source. The channel linearity was better than ± 1% with rate capabilities up to 40 kcps. The ASIC was fabricated in a commercial 250-nm process with a footprint of 6.3 mm × 3.9 mm and dissipates 167 mW of static power.

Vernon, Emerson↗
DOE OSTI2023

Neutron capture-induced nuclear recoils as background for CE$v$⁢NS measurements at reactors

Nuclear reactors represent a promising neutrino source for CE⁢v⁢NS (coherent-elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering) searches. However, reactor sites also come with high ambient neutron flux. Neutron capture-induced nuclear recoils can create a spectrum that strongly overlaps the CEv⁢NS signal for recoils ≲100 eV for nuclear reactor measurements in silicon or germanium detectors. This background can be particularly critical for low-power research reactors providing a moderate neutrino flux. Here, in this work we quantify the impact of this background and show that, for a measurement 10 m from a 1 MW reactor, the effective thermal neutron flux should be kept below ~7 × 10 –4 ⁢n/cm 2 s so that the CE⁢v⁢NS events can be measured at least at a 5⁢σ level with germanium detectors in 100 kg yr exposure time. This flux corresponds to 60% of the sea-level flux but needs to be achieved in a nominally high-flux (reactor) environment. Improved detector resolution can help the measurements, but the thermal flux is the key parameter for the sensitivity of the experiment. For silicon detectors, the constraint is even stronger and thermal neutron fluxes must be near an order of magnitude lower. This constraint highlights the need of an effective thermal neutron mitigation strategy for future low threshold CEv⁢NS searches. In particular, the neutron capture-induced background can be efficiently reduced by active veto systems tagging the deexcitation gamma following the capture.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Gain characterization of LGAD sensors with beta particles and 28-MeV protons

Low Gain Avalanche Diodes, also known as LGADs, are widely considered for fast-timing applications in high energy physics, nuclear physics, space science, medical imaging, and precision measurements of rare processes. Such devices are silicon-based and feature an intrinsic gain due to a p + -doped layer that allows the production of a controlled avalanche of carriers, with multiplication on the order of 10–100. This technology can provide time resolution on the order of 20–30 ps, and variants of this technology can provide precision tracking too. The characterization of LGAD performance has so far primarily been focused on the interaction of minimum ionizing particles for high energy and nuclear physics applications. This article expands the study of LGAD performance to highly-ionizing particles, such as 28-MeV protons, which are relevant for several future scientific applications, e.g. in biology and medical physics, among others. These studies were performed with a beam of 28-MeV protons from a tandem Van de Graaff accelerator at Brookhaven National Laboratory and beta particles from a ^90Sr source; these were used to characterize the response and the gain of an LGAD as a function of bias voltage and collected charge. Here, the experimental results are also compared to TCAD simulations.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Combined EDS and EBSD dataset from TiB2 ceramic material

This is supplemental information to a paper to be submitted, tentatively titled Cluster analysis of combined EDS and EBSD data to solve ambiguous phase identifications. Data was acquired from a TiB2 ceramic provided by Missouri University of Science and Technology. Simultaneous EDS and EBSD were acquired on a Tescan MIRA3 GMH field-emission SEM equipped with Oxford Instruments Symmetry CMOS-based EBSD detector and Oxford Instruments UltimMax 170 mm2 silicon-drift detector EDS. Data was acquired using Oxford Instruments AZtec 4.0 software. Data was acquired at 20 keV, 70° tilt, and ≈1 nA probe current. An 80×60 pixel, 40×30 μm map (500 nm pixel pitch) was acquired. EBSD indexing was performed using TiB2, space group 191 P6/mmm, and TiC, space group 225 Fm \bar{3}m, crystal cards.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1982

Integrating 128 element InSb array - Recent results

There has been a continuing evolution toward larger arrays of infrared detectors, and the technology base derived from the Galileo Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) has been expanded to linear arrays including from 128 to 512 elements. This advance is based on the commercial availability of high-quality InSb photodiodes and 128/256 element FET switch MUX's (multiplexing elements). The present investigation is concerned with an experimental 128-element linear imager using InSb detectors and silicon MUX for readout. Attention is given to detector array electrical characteristics, the detector readout architecture, noise, and special effects.

Bailey, G.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Silicon Hot-Electron Bolometers

We discuss a new type of direct detector, a silicon hot-electron bolometer, for measurements in the far-infrared and submillimeter spectral ranges. High performance bolometers can be made using the electron-phonon conductance in heavily doped silicon to provide thermal isolation from the cryogenic bath. Noise performance is expected to be near thermodynamic limits, allowing background limited performance for many far infrared and submillimeter photometric and spectroscopic applications.

Stevenson, Thomas R.↗
NASA NTRS2010

IXO-XMS LVSID Anti-Coincidence Detector

This document describes a high-TRL backup implementation of the anti-coincidence detector for the IXO/XMS instrument. The backup detector, hereafter referred to as the low-voltage silicon ionization detector (LVSID), has been successfully flown on Astro-E2 (Suzaku)/XRS and is currently being implemented, without significant changes, on the Astro-H/SXS instrument. The LVSID anti-coincidence detector on Astro-E2/XRS operated successfully for almost 2 years, and was not affected by the loss of liquid helium in that instrument. The LVSID continues to operate after almost 5 years on-orbit (LEO, 550 km) but with slightly increased noise following the expected depletion of solid Neon after 22 months. The noise of the device is increased after the loss of sNe due to thermally induced bias and readout noise. No radiation damage, or off-nominal affects have been observed with the LVSID on-orbit during the Astro-E2/XRS program. A detector die from the same fabrication run will be used on the Astro-H/SXS mission. The LVSID technology and cryogenic JFET readout system is thus TRL 9. The technology is described in detail in section 2. The IXO/XMS "backup-up" anti-coincidence detector is a small array of LVSID detectors that are almost identical to those employed for Astro -E2/XRS as described in this document. The readout system is identical and, infact would use the same design as the Astro -E2/XRS JFET amplifier module (19 channels) essentially without changes except for its mechanical mount. The changes required for the IXO/XMS LVSID array are limited to the mounting of the LVSID detectors, and the mechanical mounting of the JFET amplifier sub-assembly. There is no technical development needed for the IXO/XMS implementation and the technology is ready for detailed design-work leading to PDR. The TRL level is thus at least 6, and possibly higher. Characteristics of an IXO/XMS LVSID anti-co detector are given in Table 1 and described in detail in section 3.

Porter, Scott F.↗