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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 343 records · Page 19
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1984

LANDSAT-4 horizon scanner performance evaluation

Representative data spans covering a little more than a year since the LANDSAT-4 launch were analyzed to evaluate the flight performance of the satellite's horizon scanner. High frequency noise was filtered out by 128-point averaging. The effects of Earth oblateness and spacecraft altitude variations are modeled, and residual systematic errors are analyzed. A model for the predicted radiance effects is compared with the flight data and deficiencies in the radiance effects modeling are noted. Correction coefficients are provided for a finite Fourier series representation of the systematic errors in the data. Analysis of the seasonal dependence of the coefficients indicates the effects of some early mission problems with the reference attitudes which were computed by the onboard computer using star trackers and gyro data. The effects of sun and moon interference, unexplained anomalies in the data, and sensor noise characteristics and their power spectrum are described. The variability of full orbit data averages is shown. Plots of the sensor data for all the available data spans are included.

Bilanow, S.↗
NASA NTRS1986

The effect of diffusive hydrogen segregation on fracture of polycrystalline nickel

Hydrogen embrittlement of polycrystalline nickel was studied under conditions which allowed the diffusion and segregation of hydrogen to grain boundaries to be controlled. It was shown that even at high solute concentrations of hydrogen, the fracture mode was ductile shear rupture, if transport of hydrogen to the grain boundaries was not allowed. As the amount of hydrogen segregation to the grain boundaries was increased, the fracture mode became increasingly intergranular. Analysis of the temperature dependence of this transition from ductile rupture to transgranular fracture yields a hydrogen segregation enthalpy of 11.6 kJ/mol. The transition in the fracture mode was also observed at a constant aging temperature by increasing the solute hydrogen concentration. The kinetics of this fracture transition suggest that the hydrogen segregation layer extends about 35 nm from the grain boundary. It is suggested that the fracture mechanism is a softening of the material in this segregation region due to the high hydrogen concentration.

Lassila, D. H.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Calculating Effects of Reflector-Antenna Distortions

Mathematical numerical model accurately predicts effects of systematic distortions on radiation pattern of reflector antenna. Techniques for predicting radiation patterns developed previously for reflectors with perfect surfaces and surfaces with random deviations from perfection. New model treats reflectors distorted by thermal, gravitational, and dynamic effects. Diffraction analysis of reflector antenna depends on interpolation of surface description for farfield radiation integral. Local interpolation scheme uses bicubic or higher order polynomial approximation of surface to express desired surface point in terms of nearby known surface points.

Rahmat-Samii, Y.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Analysis of shell-type structures subjected to time-dependent mechanical and thermal loading

A general mathematical model and solution methodologies are being developed for analyzing structural response of thin, metallic shell-type structures under large transient, cyclic, or static thermomechanical loads. Among the system responses, which were associated with these load conditions, were thermal buckling, creep buckling, and ratcheting. Thus, geometric as well as material-type nonlinearities (of high order) can be anticipated and must be considered in the development of the mathematical model. Furthermore, this must also be accommodated in the solution process.

Simitses, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Interaction of the solar wind with interstellar neutral hydrogen - Three-fluid model

It is commonly assumed in models of the solar wind-interstellar neutral hydrogen interaction that the ionized interstellar particles are quickly assimilated into the solar wind proton population and 'become indistinguishable' from the original solar wind. This assumption leads to the prediction that the solar wind proton temperature should increase with radius in the outer heliosphere. This temperature increase has not been observed. It is pointed out that assimilation of the interstellar particles to the point of indistinguishability takes place on the very long Coulomb collision time scale, and is not expected to occur within the heliosphere. Results are presented of a three-fluid model of the solar wind which consists of comoving thermal populations of protons of solar origin, protons produced by ionization of interstellar hydrogen, and electrons. The steady-state results yield a solar wind with a 'core' proton distribution which cools adiabatically, and a 'halo' of interstellar pickup protons which is maintained near 10 to the 7th K by the energy input of continued ionization and pickup. Such a distribution will not be observed to manifest the temperature increase at large heliocentric distances which is predicted from a one-fluid analysis. Further time-dependent calculations show a strong correlation between the densities of the solar wind and the interstellar pickup protons. It is suggested that the interstellar pickup population may be observable by the Voyager plasma instruments in low resolution mode during periods of high solar wind density and low solar wind temperature.

Isenberg, P. A.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Analysis of shell-type structures subjected to time-dependent mechanical and thermal loading

A general mathematical model and solution methodologies for analyzing structural response of thin, metallic shell-type structures under large transient, cyclic, or static thermomechanical loads are developed. Among the system responses, which are associated with these load conditions, are thermal buckling, creep buckling and ratcheting. Thus, geometric as well as material type nonlinearities (of high order) can be anticipated and must be considered in the development of the mathematical model. Furthermore, this must also be accommodated in the solution procedures.

Simitses, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Analysis of shell-type structures subjected to time-dependent mechanical and thermal loading

This research is performed to develop a general mathematical model and solution methodologies for analyzing structural response of thin, metallic shell-type structures under large transient, cyclic or static thermomechanical loads. Among the system responses, which are associated with these load conditions, are thermal buckling, creep buckling, and ratcheting. Thus, geometric as well as material-type nonlinearities (of high order) can be anticipated and must be considered in the development of the mathematical model. Furthermore, this must also be accommodated in the solution procedures.

Simitses, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1988

An investigation of the optical constants and band gap of chromium disilicide

Optical properties of polycrystalline thin films of CrSi2 grown by the diffusion couple method on silicon substrates were investigated. An analysis of the energy dependence of the absorption coefficient indicates that the material is an indirect forbidden gap semiconductor with a band-gap value of slightly less than 0.35 eV. This result was confirmed by measurements of the temperature dependence of the intrinsic conductivity. The value of the bandgap corresponds well to an important window of transparency in the earth's atmosphere (3-5 microns), which makes the material of potential interest for IR detector applications.

Bost, M. C.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Analysis of shell-type structures subjected to time-dependent mechanical and thermal loading

The objective of this research is to develop a general mathematical model and solution methodologies for analyzing structural response of thin, metallic shell-type structures under large transient, cyclic or static thermomechanical loads. Among the system responses, which are associated with these load conditions, are thermal buckling, creep buckling and racheting. Thus, geometric as well as material-type nonlinearities (of high order) can be anticipated and must be considered in the development of the mathematical model. Furthermore, this must also be accommodated in the solution procedures.

Simitses, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1988

What ferric oxide/oxyhydroxide phases are present on Mars

The weathering history of Mars can be deduced largely from the mineralogy and distribution of ferric oxide/oxyhydroxide phases. As discussed, some insights can be gained through spectrophotometric remote sensing, but absolute determinations must depend on direct laboratory analysis of returned Martian samples.

Morris, Richard V.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Analysis of shell-type structures subjected to time-dependent mechanical and thermal loading

The objective is to develop a general mathematical model and solution methodologies for analyzing structural response of thin, metallic shell-type structures under large transient, cyclic, or static thermomechanical loads. Among the system responses, which are associated with these load conditions, are thermal buckling, creep buckling, and racheting. Thus, geometric as well as material-type nonlinearities (of high order) can be anticipated and must be considered in the development of the mathematical model. Furthermore, this must also be accommodated in the solution procedures.

Simitses, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Application of fracture mechanics to predict the strength of filament-wound composite specimens with surface damage

The strength of a thick surface notched filament wound graphite/epoxy tensile specimen was predicted using fracture mechanics analysis. The prediction model depended upon the depth of the surface notch and upon the type of failure. Specimens failed in two stages: first a sublaminate with thickness equal to the depth of the surface cut, and second, for increasing load, a sublaminate with thickness equal to the initial thickness minus the cut depth. Analytical predictions and experimental data were in good agreement.

Morris, D. H.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Soft X-ray spectrographs for solar observations

Recent advances in soft X-ray spectrometery are reviewed, with emphasis on techniques for studying the windowless region from roughly 1-100 A. Recent technological developments considered include multilayer mirrors, large-format CCD detectors which are sensitive to X-rays, position-sensitive photon counting detectors, new kinds of X-ray films, and optical systems based on gratings with nonuniform ruling spacings. Improvements in the extent and accuracy of the atomic physics data sets on which the analysis of spectroscopic observatons depend are also discussed.

Bruner, M. E.↗
NASA NTRS1989

The microwave spectra of the asteroids Pallas, Vesta, and Hygiea

Microwave observations of Pallas, Vesta, and Hygiea at 2 and 6 cm wavelength yield brightness temperatures that are much lower than would be expected for a rapidly rotating blackbody. An analysis of the wavelength dependence of the observed brightness temperatures shows that, as was found for Ceres, these asteroids may be covered by a layer of material with the physical properties of finely divided dust. Models with layer depths of greater than 6 cm (Pallas), 6 cm (Vesta), and 8 cm (Hygiea) were found to represent well the variation in emissivity at radio wavelengths. The properties of the underlying layer are not well constrained by the microwave observations. It does appear that the real part of the dielectric vector for the substrate is similar to that of basaltic rock. Major compositional changes, if any, must take place at depths greater than about 10 cm. No evidence for water ice was found. Disk-resolved observations of the 2-cm emission of Vesta yield physical dimensions consistent with the recently published speckle-interferometry results.

Johnston, K. J.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Analysis of shell-type structures subjected to time-dependent mechanical and thermal loading

The development of a general mathematical model and solution methodologies for analyzing structural response of thin, metallic shell-like structures under dynamic and/or static thermomechanical loads is examined. In the mathematical model, geometric as well as material-type of nonlinearities are considered. Traditional as well as novel approaches are reported and detailed applications are presented in the appendices. The emphasis for the mathematical model, the related solution schemes, and the applications, is on thermal viscoelastic and viscoplastic phenomena, which can predict creep and ratchetting.

Simitses, George J.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Parallelization of implicit finite difference schemes in computational fluid dynamics

Implicit finite difference schemes are often the preferred numerical schemes in computational fluid dynamics, requiring less stringent stability bounds than the explicit schemes. Each iteration in an implicit scheme involves global data dependencies in the form of second and higher order recurrences. Efficient parallel implementations of such iterative methods are considerably more difficult and non-intuitive. The parallelization of the implicit schemes that are used for solving the Euler and the thin layer Navier-Stokes equations and that require inversions of large linear systems in the form of block tri-diagonal and/or block penta-diagonal matrices is discussed. Three-dimensional cases are emphasized and schemes that minimize the total execution time are presented. Partitioning and scheduling schemes for alleviating the effects of the global data dependencies are described. An analysis of the communication and the computation aspects of these methods is presented. The effect of the boundary conditions on the parallel schemes is also discussed.

Decker, Naomi H.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Three dimensional full potential method for the aeroelastic modeling of propfans

A three-dimensional time dependent full potential aerodynamic analysis of single rotation propellers has been developed. The primary purpose of the code is to provide a capability of doing propfan aeroelastic analysis in the nonlinear transonic regime. A secondary purpose is to provide a validation of the unsteady lifting surface panel method that has been have developed. Results will be shown for steady state aerodynamic loading, unsteady aerodynamic response to forced aeroelastic deformations, and free aeroelastic response. Comparisons are made to experimental data and corresponding panel code results.

Williams, Marc H.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Testing the Sun-climate Connection with Paleoclimate Data

If there is a significant sun-climate connection, it should be detectable in high-resolution paleoclimate records. Of particular interest is the last few thousand years, where we have both indices of solar variability (C-14 and Be-10) and climate variations (alpine glaciers, tree rings, ice cores, corals, etc.). Although there are a few exceptions, statistical analyses of solar and climate records generally indicates a flickering relationship between the two -- sometimes it seems to be present, sometimes not. The most repeatable solar climate periods occur at approx. 120 and approx. 56 yrs, although there is also evidence for approx. 420 and approx. 200 yrs. power in some records. However, coherence between solar and climate spectra is usually low, and occurrence of solar spectra in climate records is sometimes dependent on choice of analysis program. These results suggest in general a relatively weak sun-climate link on time scales of decades to centuries. This conclusion is consistent with previous studies and with the observation that inferred climate fluctuations of 1.0 to 1.5 C on this time scale would require solar constant variations of approximately 0.5 to 1.0 percent. This change in forcing is almost an order of magnitude greater than observed changes over the last solar cycle and appears to be on the far-outer limit of acceptable changes for a Maunder Minimum-type event.

Crowley, Thomas J.↗