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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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337 records · Page 19

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2022

Standardization of Smart Contracts for Energy Markets and Operation

This work presents a formal review of smart contracts, including definitions, technical requirements, and potential power and energy-related use cases. This includes in-depth discussions covering cybersecurity, legality and interoperability goals that must be taken into consideration by potential end-users. The paper presents a first attempt towards the standardization of smart contracts (SCs) within the field of power and energy as a work in progress activity under the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE SA) P2418.5 Working Group. This work also proposes a holistic, language-agnostic reference model that is intended to accelerate the adoption of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) by industry stakeholders by providing standardized processes. Finally, the paper discusses key takeaways that must continue to be developed to increase SC usage within the energy industry.

Blockchain, smart contracts, DLT↗

DOE OSTI2022

A Blockchain Based Co-Simulation Framework for Integrating DERs to Wholesale Electricity Markets: Preprint

As the number of distributed energy resources (DERs) continue to increase across energy-delivery systems, there remains a need for integrating their capabilities into traditional grid operations. In this paper, a blockchain-based solution is proposed to facilitate FERC's Order No. 2222 implementations. The presented use-case enables small-scale DERs to participate in wholesale market operations through DER aggregators, while also enabling local distribution system operators to enforce distribution system constraints in a secure and traceable manner. The presented use case is built around the Unified Testing Platform (UTP) being developed as a part of the Blockchain for Optimized Security and Energy Management (BLOSEM) project. This is a multi-lab effort intended to simplify the deployment of blockchain-powered grid solutions by enabling the integration of simulation tools, and blockchain technologies through the use of system-agnostic interfaces that provide a modular, interoperable, and reusable connectivity layer.

blockchain testing↗

DOE OSTI2022

Stable positive side material for all-organic flow battery

A quinone derivative with a high redox potential that does not undergo Michael addition or proto-desulfonation. This molecule addresses the key issues faced with the positive side material of an aqueous all-organic flow battery. This new molecule is 2,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethylbenzene-1,3-disulfonic acid (or the disulfonate salt thereof). This quinone derivative offers good solubility, electrochemical reversibility, and robustness to charge/discharge cycling. Quinones with reduced crossover are also provided.

Yang, Bo↗

DOE OSTI2022

Cybersecurity assessment and risk management tool

Techniques and apparatuses are described for a cybersecurity risk management tool to assess cybersecurity risk and prioritize cybersecurity correction plans. The cybersecurity risk management tool categorizes cybersecurity framework security controls into maturity indicator levels, identifies implementation states achieved by an entity with respect to the cybersecurity framework security controls, and determines which of the maturity indicator levels represents the implementation state achieved by the entity with respect to each of the cybersecurity framework security controls. A cost-benefit analysis for modifying from the implementation state achieved by the entity to a next implementation state to be achieved by the entity with respect to the cybersecurity framework security controls is also enabled. The cost-benefit analysis leverages factored weights including aspects indicative of security perspectives, Gaussian distributions, and the maturity indicator levels.

Gourisetti, Sri Nikhil Gupta↗

DOE OSTI2022

Cybersecurity vulnerability mitigation framework

Systems, methods, and computer media for mitigating cybersecurity vulnerabilities of systems are provided herein. A current cybersecurity maturity of a system can be determined based on maturity criteria. The maturity criteria can be ranked based on importance. Solution candidates for increasing the cybersecurity maturity of the system can be determined based on the ranking. The solution candidates specify cybersecurity levels for the maturity criteria. A present state value reflecting the current cybersecurity maturity of the system can be calculated. For the solution candidates, an implementation state value and a transition state value can be determined. The implementation state value represents implementation of the maturity levels of the solution candidate, and the transition state value represents a transition from the present state value to the implementation state value. Based on the transition state values, a solution candidate can be selected for the system, and the system can be modified accordingly.

Gourisetti, Sri Nikhil Gupta↗

DOE OSTI2022

Assessing Cybersecurity Resilience of Distributed Ledger Technology in Energy Sector Using the MITRE ATT&CK® ICS Framework

Digitization in the power industry enables wide connectivity among multiple new entrants such as DERs, prosumers, and P2P counterparts within or outside the Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT). The use of DLT to improve resilience in the power grid has growing support, but new technology provides new opportunities for adversaries to cause harm. This work completed by the Cybersecurity- focused task force of IEEE SA P2418.5 evaluates the potential risks by applying the MITRE ATT&CK® ICS matrix to the DLT Engineering and Cybersecurity Stack designed for power systems applications

Gourisetti, Sri Nikhil Gupta↗

DOE OSTI2022

Cybersecurity and Privacy Aspects of Smart Contracts in the Energy Domain

Smart contracts (SCs) are a set of logical procedures that can run by individual peers participating within a Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) network. By design, smart contracts inherit many of the benefits of DLT, including its immutability, scalability, and security properties. Nevertheless, they may introduce additional attack vectors, which can lead to cybersecurity explorations that could jeopardize the end-application ability to operate as intended or result in data leaks, and privacy violations. In this work, an exploration of known problems, and possible attack scenarios will be presented. This is followed by a set of proposed best practices and mitigation strategies that are intended to assist developers, researchers, and other relevant stakeholders to develop secure SC implementations.

Sebastian Cardenas, David J.↗

DOE OSTI2022

Inexpensive metal-free organic redox flow battery (ORBAT) for grid-scale storage

A flow battery includes a positive electrode, a positive electrode electrolyte, a negative electrode, a negative electrode electrolyte, and a polymer electrolyte membrane interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The positive electrode electrolyte includes water and a first redox couple. The first redox couple includes a first organic compound which includes a first moiety in conjugation with a second moiety. The first organic compound is reduced during discharge while during charging the reduction product of the first organic compound is oxidized to the first organic compound. The negative electrode electrolyte includes water and a second redox couple. The second couple includes a second organic compound including a first moiety in conjugation with a second moiety. The reduction product of the second organic compound is oxidized to the second organic compound during discharge.

Narayan, Sri↗

DOE OSTI2023

Blockchain cybersecurity audit platform

A cybersecurity distributed ledger is provided herein for managing, tracking, auditing, and securing assets in a power infrastructure. The cybersecurity distributed ledger may include a blockchain, and may combine with smart contract or smart negotiation technology, such as in a permissioned proof of authority blockchain. The cybersecurity distributed ledger may manage the complete life cycle of a grid asset, from asset requirement and specification, through production, testing, deployment, maintenance, and retirement. The cybersecurity distributed ledger may create an immutable record of the grid asset, which may be audited for regulatory compliance or build or development compliance. Further, the cybersecurity distributed ledger may store unique identifying information for a grid asset, which may be used to detect a security breach or other tampering with a grid asset. The cybersecurity distributed ledger may also track control or ownership of the grid asset, as well as changes or updates to the grid asset.

Mylrea, Michael E.↗

DOE OSTI2023

Blockchain applicability framework

Technology related to blockchain cybersecurity solutions and a blockchain applicability framework is disclosed. In one example of the disclosed technology, a system is configured to receive parameters for a blockchain candidate application and evaluate the parameters to determine a recommendation for types of blockchain to apply to the candidate application. The recommendation may be based on an evaluation of the parameters to determine a level of applicability of blockchain usage, a level of applicability of one or more blockchain privacy types, and a level of applicability of one or more blockchain consensus types. The system may be configured to calculate an overall percentage distribution of the levels of applicability and to output an indication of the overall percentage distribution.

Gourisetti, Sri Nikhil Gupta↗

DOE OSTI2023

Blockchain cybersecurity solutions

Technology related to blockchain cybersecurity solutions and a blockchain applicability framework is disclosed. In one example of the disclosed technology, a system is configured to store, in a database, a plurality of cryptographically-signed records of data transmitted between an asset and a utility historian, and store, in a distributed ledger, a respective hash value corresponding to each record of the database. The system can be further configured to verify a selected record by recomputing a hash value corresponding to the selected record and comparing the recomputed hash value to the respective hash value stored in the distributed ledger in correspondence with the selected record.

Gourisetti, Sri Nikhil Gupta↗

DOE OSTI2025

G2CFX Final Technical Report - Release

The primary objective of this project is to develop a process for production of high-performance, high-value carbon derived from wellhead natural gas. This will be done either by direct graphitization of pyrolysis carbon produced at the wellhead, or through precipitation of the carbon from a molten metal solution to form high-value graphite.

03 NATURAL GAS↗

DOE OSTI2026

Selective Amnesia using Contrastive Subnet Erasure for Class Level Unlearning in Vision Models

We study concept-level forgetting in pretrained vision models: removing an entire semantic category so the system no longer recognizes that object in unseen images and contexts, rather than merely forgetting specific training examples. Prior work either applies blunt global projections or fine-tunes parameters, which can introduce collateral damage to unrelated features, add compute, and become unstable as forgetting strength increases. We introduce Contrastive Subnet Erasure (CSE), a training-free, encoder-centric edit that targets a compact set of channels most responsible for the class and attenuates them in a calibrated manner. The modification is algebraically folded into the subsequent layer, yielding no inference-time overhead and leaving task heads unchanged. To evaluate whether forgetting generalizes beyond the data used to specify the class, we introduce a cross dataset protocol in which the class is defined on a source dataset and performance is measured on a disjoint target dataset drawn from a different distribution with no shared images. This setup tests whether the model still fails to recognize the object when it looks different or appears in new scenes, and it helps avoid overfitting to patterns in the source dataset. Across CIFAR 10, CIFAR 100, and ImageNet under this protocol, CSE achieves stronger forgetting of the target class while better preserving non target utility than existing baselines in both single class and multi class settings. Overall, CSE provides a simple, stable, and deployment-ready mechanism for class-level unlearning in vision.

Kotevska, Olivera [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000316772243)↗