Stringy dynamics from an amplitudes bootstrap
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72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
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Results for “STRING MODELS”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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How to simulate global cosmic strings with large string tension
Global string networks may be relevant in axion production in the early Universe, as well as other cosmological scenarios. Such networks contain a large hierarchy of scales between the string core scale and the Hubble scale, ln( f {sub a} / H ) ∼ 70, which influences the network dynamics by giving the strings large tensions T ≅ π f {sub a} {sup 2} ln( f {sub a} / H ). We present a new numerical approach to simulate such global string networks, capturing the tension without an exponentially large lattice.
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Confinement and renormalization group equations in string-inspired nonlocal gauge theories
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Precision test of gauge/gravity duality in D0-brane matrix model at low temperature
We test the gauge/gravity duality between the matrix model and type IIA string theory at low temperatures with unprecedented accuracy. To this end, we perform lattice Monte Carlo simulations of the Berenstein-Maldacena-Nastase (BMN) matrix model, which is the one-parameter deformation of the Banks-Fischler-Shenker-Susskind (BFSS) matrix model, taking both the large N and continuum limits. We leverage the fact that sufficiently small flux parameters in the BMN matrix model have a negligible impact on the energy of the system while stabilizing the flat directions so that simulations at smaller N than in the BFSS matrix model are possible. Hence, we can perform a precision measurement of the large N continuum energy at the lowest temperatures to date. The energy is in perfect agreement with supergravity predictions including estimations of α'-corrections from previous simulations. At the lowest temperature where we can simulate efficiently (T = 0.25λ 1/3 , where λ is the ’t Hooft coupling), the difference in energy to the pure supergravity prediction is less than 10%. Furthermore, we can extract the coefficient of the 1/N 4 corrections at a fixed temperature with good accuracy, which was previously unknown.
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Role of string-like collective atomic motion on diffusion and structural relaxation in glass forming Cu-Zr alloys
We investigate Cu-Zr liquid alloys using molecular dynamics simulation and well-accepted embedded atom method potentials over a wide range of chemical composition and temperature as model metallic glass-forming (GF) liquids. As with other types of GF materials, the dynamics of these complex liquids are characterized by “dynamic heterogeneity” in the form of transient polymeric clusters of highly mobile atoms that are composed in turn of atomic clusters exhibiting string-like cooperative motion. In accordance with the string model of relaxation, an extension of the Adam-Gibbs (AG) model, changes in the activation free energy ΔG{sub a} with temperature of both the Cu and Zr diffusion coefficients D, and the alpha structural relaxation time τ{sub α} can be described to a good approximation by changes in the average string length, L. In particular, we confirm that the strings are a concrete realization of the abstract “cooperatively rearranging regions” of AG. We also find coexisting clusters of relatively “immobile” atoms that exhibit predominantly icosahedral local packing rather than the low symmetry packing of “mobile” atoms. These two distinct types of dynamic heterogeneity are then associated with different fluid structural states. Glass-forming liquids are thus analogous to polycrystalline materials where the icosahedrally packed regions correspond to crystal grains, and the strings reside in the relatively disordered grain boundary-like regions exterior to these locally well-ordered regions. A dynamic equilibrium between localized (“immobile”) and wandering (“mobile”) particles exists in the liquid so that the dynamic heterogeneity can be considered to be type of self-assembly process. We also characterize changes in the local atomic free volume in the course of string-like atomic motion to better understand the initiation and propagation of these fluid excitations.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Effective hopping in holographic Bose and Fermi-Hubbard models
In this paper, we analyze a proposed gravity dual to a SU(N) Bose-Hubbard model, as well as construct a holographic dual of a SU(N) Fermi-Hubbard model from D-branes in string theory. In both cases, the SU(N) is dynamical, i.e. the hopping degrees of freedom are strongly coupled to SU(N) gauge bosons which themselves are strongly interacting. The vacuum expectation value (VEV) of the hopping term (i.e. the hopping energy) is analyzed in the gravity dual as a function of the bulk mass of the field dual to the hopping term, as well as of the coupling constants of the model. The bulk mass controls the anomalous dimension (i.e. the critical exponent) of the hopping term in the SU(N) Bose-Hubbard model. We compare the hopping energy to the corresponding result in a numerical simulation of the ungauged SU(N) Bose-Hubbard model. We find agreement when the hopping parameter is smaller than the other couplings. Our analysis shows that the kinetic energy increases as the bulk mass increases, due to increased contributions from the IR. The holographic Bose-Hubbard model is then compared with the string theory construction of a SU(N) Fermi-Hubbard model. The string theory construction makes it possible to describe fluctuations around a half-filled state in the supergravity limit, which map to O(1) occupation number fluctuations in the Fermi-Hubbard model at half filling. Finally, the VEV of the Bose-Hubbard model is shown to agree with the one of the fermionic Hubbard model with the help of a two-site version of the Jordan-Wigner transformation.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Gauge mediation to effective supersymmetry through U(1)s with a dynamical supersymmetry breaking, and string compactification
We investigate the possibility of U(1){sup '} mediation, leading to an effective SUSY where the first two family sfermions are above 100 TeV but the third family sfermions and the Higgs doublets are in the TeV region (or the light stop (t-tilde{sub l}) case). The U(1)' gaugino, Zprimino (Z'-ino), needs not to be at a TeV scale, but needs to be somewhat lighter than the messenger scale. We consider two cases, one the mediation is only through U(1){sup '} and the other through U(1)' and the electroweak hypercharge U(1){sub Y}. In the SUSY field theory framework, we calculate the superpartner mass spectra for these two cases. We also point out that the particle species needed for these mechanisms are already obtained from a Z{sub 12-I} orbifold compactification.
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Search for low-scale gravity signatures in multi-jet final states with the ATLAS detector at $\sqrt{s}=8 $ TeV
A search for evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model in final states with multiple high-transverse-momentum jets is performed using 20.3 fb -1 of proton-proton collision data at √s = 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. No significant excess of events beyond Standard Model expectations is observed, and upper limits on the visible cross sections for non-Standard Model production of multi-jet final states are set. A wide variety of models for black hole and string ball production and decay are considered, and the upper limit on the cross section times acceptance is as low as 0.16 fb at the 95% confidence level. For these models, excluded regions are also given as function of the main model parameters.
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Deep inelastic scattering on a nucleus using holography
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Stringy horizons II
We show that the spectrum of normalizable states on a Euclidean SL(2, R)/U(1) black hole exhibits a duality between oscillator states and wound strings. This duality generalizes the identification between a normalizable mode of dilaton gravity on the cigar and a mode of the tachyon with winding number one around the Euclidean time circle, which plays an important role in the FZZ correspondence. It implies that normalizable states on a large Euclidean black hole have support at widely separated scales. In particular, localized states that are extended over the cap of the cigar (the Euclidian analog of the black hole atmosphere) have a component that is localized near the tip of the cigar (the analog of the stretched horizon). As a consequence of this duality, the states exhibit a transition as a function of radial excitation level. From the perspective of a low energy probe, low lying states are naturally thought of as oscillator states in the black hole atmosphere, while at large excitation level they are naturally described as wound strings. As the excitation level increases, the size of the states first decreases and then increases. This behavior is expected to be a general feature of black hole horizons in string theory.
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Dark matter relic density in Gauss-Bonnet braneworld cosmology
The relic density of symmetric and asymmetric dark matter in a Gauss-Bonnet (GB) modified Randall-Sundrum (RS) type II braneworld cosmology is investigated. The existing study of symmetric dark matter in a GB braneworld (Okada and Okada, 2009) found that the expansion rate was reduced compared to that in standard General Relativity (GR), thereby delaying particle freeze-out and resulting in relic abundances which are suppressed by up to O(10{sup −2}). This is in direct contrast to the behaviour observed in RS braneworlds where the expansion rate is enhanced and the final relic abundance boosted. However, this finding that relic abundances are suppressed in a GB braneworld is based upon a highly contrived situation in which the GB era evolves directly into a standard GR era, rather than passing through a RS era as is the general situation. This collapse of the RS era requires equating the mass scale m{sub α} of the GB modification and the mass scale m{sub σ} of the brane tension. However, if the GB contribution is to be considered as the lowest order correction from string theory to the RS action, we would expect m{sub α} > m{sub σ}. We investigate the effect upon the relic abundance of choosing more realistic values for the ratio R{sub m} ≡ m{sub α}/m{sub σ} and find that the relic abundance can be either enhanced or suppressed by more than two orders of magnitude. However, suppression only occurs for a small range of parameter choices and, overwhelmingly, the predominant situation is that of enhancement as we recover the usual Randall-Sundrum type behaviour in the limit R{sub m} >> 1. We use the latest observational bound Ω{sub DM}h{sup 2} = 0.1187 ± 0.0017 to constrain the various model parameters and briefly discuss the implications for direct/indirect dark matter detection experiments as well as dark matter particle models.
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String theory and grand unification suggest a submicroelectronvolt QCD axion
Axions, grand unification, and string theory are each compelling extensions of the Standard Model. We show that combining these frameworks imposes strong constraints on the QCD axion mass. Using perturbative unitarity arguments and explicit string compactifications—such as those from the Kreuzer-Skarke (KS) type IIB ensemble—we find that the axion mass is favored to lie within the range 10 −11 eV ≲ 𝑚 𝑎 ≲ 10 −8 eV. This range is directly relevant for near-future axion dark matter searches, including ABRACADABRA/DMRadio and CASPEr. We argue that grand unification and the absence of proton decay suggest a compactification volume that keeps the string scale above the unification scale ( ∼ 10 16 GeV), which in turn limits how heavy the axion can be. The same requirements limit the KS axiverse to have at most ∼ 47 axions. As an additional application of our methodology, we search for axions in the KS axiverse that could explain the recent Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument hints of evolving dark energy but find none with high enough decay constant (𝑓 𝑎 ≳ 2.5 ×10 17 GeV); we comment on why such high decay constants and low axion masses are difficult to obtain in string compactifications more broadly.
Axions↗
A two measure model of dark energy and dark matter
In this work we construct a unified model of dark energy and dark matter. This is done with the following three elements: a gravitating scalar field, φ with a non-conventional kinetic term, as in the string theory tachyon; an arbitrary potential, V(φ); two measures — a metric measure ((−g){sup 1/2}) and a non-metric measure (Φ). The model has two interesting features: (i) For potentials which are unstable and would give rise to tachyonic scalar field, this model can stabilize the scalar field. (ii) The form of the dark energy and dark matter that results from this model is fairly insensitive to the exact form of the scalar field potential.
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Peculiarities of beta functions in sigma models
In this paper we consider perturbation theory in generic two-dimensional sigma models in the so-called first-order formalism, using the coordinate regularization approach. Our goal is to analyze the first-order formalism in application to β functions and compare its results with the standard geometric calculations. Already in the second loop, we observe deviations from the geometric results that cannot be explained by the regularization/renormalization scheme choices. Moreover, in certain cases the first-order calculations produce results that are not symmetric under the classical diffeomorphisms of the target space. Although we could not present the full solution to this remarkable phenomenon, we found some indirect arguments indicating that an anomaly similar to that established in supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory might manifest itself starting from the second loop. We discuss why the difference between two answers might be an infrared effect, similar to that in β functions in supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories.
Sigma Models↗
On classical and quantum dynamics of tachyon-like fields and their cosmological implications
We consider a class of tachyon-like potentials, motivated by string theory, D-brane dynamics and inflation theory in the context of classical and quantum mechanics. A formalism for describing dynamics of tachyon fields in spatially homogenous and one-dimensional - classical and quantum mechanical limit is proposed. A few models with concrete potentials are considered. Additionally, possibilities for p-adic and adelic generalization of these models are discussed. Classical actions and corresponding quantum propagators, in the Feynman path integral approach, are calculated in a form invariant on a change of the background number fields, i.e. on both archimedean and nonarchimedean spaces. Looking for a quantum origin of inflation, relevance of p-adic and adelic generalizations are briefly discussed.
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Compactifications of deformed conifolds, branes and the geometry of qubits $\mathfrak S
We present three families of exact, cohomogeneity-one Einstein metrics in (2n + 2) dimensions, which are generalizations of the Stenzel construction of Ricci-flat metrics to those with a positive cosmological constant. The first family of solutions are Fubini-Study metrics on the complex projective spaces CP n+1 , written in a Stenzel form, whose principal orbits are the Stiefel manifolds V 2 ($\mathbb R^{2+3}$) = SO(n+2)/SO(n) divided by Z 2 . The second family are also Einstein-Kahler metrics, now on the Grassmannian manifolds G 2 (R n+3 ) = SO(n+3)/((SO(n+1)×SO(2)), whose principal orbits are the Stiefel manifolds V 2 ($\mathbb R^{2+3}$) (with no Z 2 factoring in this case). Furthermore, the third family are Einstein metrics on the product manifolds S n+1 × S n+1 , and are Kahler only for n = 1. Some of these metrics are believed to play a role in studies of consistent string theory compactifications and in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence. Also, we elaborate on the geometric approach to quantum mechanics based on the Kahler geometry of Fubini-Study metrics on $\mathbb CP^{n+1}$, and we apply the formalism to study the quantum entanglement of qubits.
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Physics at the planck scale: Strings and symmetries
The emergence of symmetries in the earlier proposed model of the Universe (3D network of strings in a thermal bath) is studied. The number is introduced which estimates the relative probability of changing the Gibbs distribution (or its nonequilibrium analogue) under action of stochastic forces. The principle of maximal stability (PMS) stating that only the most stable distributions are realized in the Universe is formulated. The nature of gauge symmetries and supersymmetries is discussed. According to PMS the groups SU (5) and SU (3) are advantageous. It is shown that in this model the Kaluza—Klein-Mandel-Fock unification of gravity and the Yang-Mills fields appears in the natural way. The list of thirty consequences of the model is given. They form the basis of modern physics (classical Hamiltonian mechanics, quantum mechanics, gauge symmetries, internal symmetries and so on).
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BPS soliton solutions of a D3-brane action
The world-volume action of a probe D3-brane in AdS 5 × S 5 with N units of flux has the field content, symmetries, and dualities of the U(1) factor of \( \mathcal{N} \) = 4 U( N + 1) super Yang-Mills theory, spontaneously broken to U( N ) × U(1) by being on the Coulomb branch, with the massive fields integrated out. Thus, it might be the exact effective action (a highly effective action ), or else a useful approximation to it. We construct an SL(2, $\mathbb{Z}$) multiplet of BPS soliton solutions of the D3-brane action and show that in the N = 1 case they correspond to the electrically charged states that have been integrated out as well as magnetic monopoles and dyons. Their charges are uniformly spread on a spherical surface, a soliton bubble , which can be interpreted as a phase boundary. This picture is consistent with previous results in the string theory and field theory literature.
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