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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 343 records · Page 19
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Benchmarking for AI for Science

AI has been instrumental for recent developments in a number of domains of the sciences. With several hundred machine learning (ML) algorithms and models, and numerous AI-specific hardware platforms, a common quest for all scientists working on AI for Science is around the selection of machine learning algorithm(s) to solve their domain-specific scientific problems. A number of different initiatives around AI Benchmarking have been set up and have been useful in understanding the benefits of different ML algorithms for different tasks.However, with the majority of these AI Benchmarking initiatives focusing on the conventional notions of benchmarking, where the focus is purely runtime performance (such as training time or inference time), their suitability for benchmarking different ML algorithms for solving scientific problems has been viewed as a performance problem even though both are hardly the same. To make reasonable, explainable, and justifiable advancements in science using AI, it is critical to focus on the merits of these algorithms in handling different domain science problems. In other words, more emphasis must be given on Benchmarking for AI for Science than AI Benchmarking. The vision of the former is not only to assess the performance of ML algorithms, but also to assess, and understand the benefits and merits of different ML algorithms in handling scientific problems. Benchmarking for AI for Science, instead of pure performance focused AI Benchmarking, has several benefits: (i) it has the potential to offer advances in the sciences, much more rapidly than through pure performance-based AI methods, (ii) it will encourage the community to focus on developing better domain-specific AI techniques, particularly given the provision for being able to benchmark different techniques, and (iii) it will encourage hardware manufacturers to focus on developing science-specific hardware subsystems.

Thiyagalingam, Jeyan↗
DOE OSTI2024

The Standard Model from String Theory: What Have We Learned?

Amid all candidates of physics beyond the Standard Model, string theory provides a unique proposal for incorporating gauge and gravitational interactions. In string theory, a four-dimensional theory that unifies quantum mechanics and gravity is obtained automatically if one posits that the additional dimensions predicted by the theory are small and curled up—a concept known as compactification. The gauge sector of the theory is specified by the topology and geometry of the extra dimensions, and the challenge is to reproduce all of the features of the Standard Model of particle physics from them. We review the state of the art in reproducing the Standard Model from string compactifications and summarize the lessons drawn from this fascinating quest. We describe novel scenarios and mechanisms that string theory provides to address some of the Standard Model puzzles as well as the most frequent signatures of new physics that could be detected in future experiments. We then comment on recent developments that connect, in a rather unexpected way, the Standard Model with quantum gravity and that may change our field theory notion of naturalness.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2021

Evolution of Oxygen Ligands upon Large Redox Swings of Li 3 IrO 4

The limits of intercalation electrochemistry continue to be tested in the quest for ever increasing gains in the storage capability of Li-ion cathodes. The subsequent push for multi-electron reactivity has led to the recognition of the extremely versatile role of oxide ligands in charge compensation when there is a large redox swing. Li 3 IrO 4 is a unique model of such activity because it can reversibly cycle between Li 1 IrO 4 and Li 4.7 IrO 4 . In this study, X-ray spectroscopy, magnetic measurements and computational simulations uncover the evolution of O states in the different steps, compared to the involvement of Ir. While the process between Li 1 IrO 4 and Li 3 IrO 4 is dominated by the unconventional lattice oxygen redox, the process between Li 3 IrO 4 and Li 4.7 IrO 4 involves a conventional change of the formal oxidation state of Ir, which affects O due to the high covalency. The O states of Li 3 IrO 4 exhibit a very high reversibility after the whole 3.7-electron process, completely restoring the pristine state.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Structural design and optimization of a series of 13.2 MW downwind rotors

The quest for reduced LCOE has driven significant growth in wind turbine size. A key question to enable larger rotor designs is how to configure and optimize structural designs to constrain blade mass and cost while satisfying a growing set of challenging structural design requirements. In this paper, we investigate the performance of a series of three two-bladed downwind rotors with different blade lengths (104.3-m, 122.9-m, and 143.4-m) all rated at 13.2 MW. The primary goals are to achieve 25% rotor mass and 25% LCOE reduction. A comparative analysis of the structural performance and economics of this family rotors is presented. To further explore optimization opportunities for large rotors, we present new results in a root and spar cap design optimization. In summary, we present structural design solutions that achieve 25% rotor mass reduction in a SUMR13i design (104.3-m) and 25% LCOE reduction in a SUMR13C design (143.4-m).

Yao, Shulong↗
DOE OSTI2021

Aero-structural design and optimization of 50 MW wind turbine with over 250-m blades

The quest for reduced levelized cost of energy has driven significant growth in wind turbine size; however, larger rotors face significant technical and logistical challenges. The largest published rotor design is 25 MW, and here we consider an even larger 50 MW design with blade length over 250 m. This paper shows that a 50 MW design is indeed possible from a detailed engineering perspective and presents a series of aero-structural blade designs, and critical assessment of technology pathways and challenges for extreme-scale rotors. The 50 MW rotor design begins with Monte Carlo simulations focused on optimizing carbon spar cap and root design. A baseline design resulted in a 250-m blade with mass of 502 tonnes. Subsequently, an aero-structural design and optimization were performed to reduce the blade mass/cost with more than 25% mass reduction and 30% cost reduction by determining optimal blade chord and airfoil thickness for best aero-structural performance.

Yao, Shulong↗
DOE OSTI2019

Basic Research Needs for High Energy Physics Detector Research & Development: Report of the Office of Science Workshop on Basic Research Needs for HEP Detector Research and Development: December 11-14, 2019

Transformative discovery in science is driven by innovation in technology. Our boldest undertakings in particle physics have at their foundation precision instrumentation. To reveal the profound connections underlying everything we see from the smallest scales to the largest distances in the Universe, to understand its fundamental constituents, and to reveal what is still unknown, we must invent, develop, and deploy advanced instrumentation. Investments in High Energy Physics (HEP) enabled by instrumentation have been richly rewarded with discoveries of the tiny masses of the neutrinos, the origin of mass itself: the enigmatic Higgs boson, and the surprising accelerating expansion of the Universe. What we have learned is remarkable, unexpected, exciting and mysterious; raising many new questions waiting to be answered. The quest to answer them drives innovation that improves the nation's health, wealth, and security, inspiring the public and drawing young people to science. Excellence and innovation come most effectively from diverse teams of people. Success, therefore, depends critically on attracting, engaging, and supporting a diverse cadre of young people to the field, and ensuring an inclusive environment at all levels. The program laid out in the 2014 Particle Physics Projects Prioritization Panel (P5) report "Building for Discovery - A Strategic Plan for U.S. Particle Physics in a Global Context" guides current and near future experiments to exploit these and other discoveries, and the instrumentation innovation they require, to push the frontiers of science into new territory. To explore this territory HEP will soon embark on planning the next generation of experiments. Realizing these experiments will require giant leaps in capabilities beyond the instrumentation of today. Accordingly, now is a pivotal moment to invest in the accelerated development of cost-effective instrumentation with greatly improved sensitivity and performance that will make measurable the unmeasurable, enabling a tool-driven revolution to open the door to future discoveries. Historic scientific opportunities await us, enabled by executing the instrumentation research plan outlined here.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2020

Reification of latent microstructures: On supervised unsupervised and semi-supervised deep learning applications for microstructures in materials informatics

Machine learning (ML), including deep learning (DL), has become increasingly popular in the last few years due to its continually outstanding performance. In this context, we apply machine learning techniques to "learn" the microstructure using both supervised and unsupervised DL techniques. In particular, we focus (1) on the localization problem bridging (micro)structure (localized) property using supervised DL and (2) on the microstructure reconstruction problem in latent space using unsupervised DL. The goal of supervised and semi-supervised DL is to replace crystal plasticity finite element model (CPFEM) that maps from (micro)structure (localized) property, and implicitly the (micro)structure (homogenized) property relationships, while the goal of unsupervised DL is (1) to represent high-dimensional microstructure images in a non-linear low-dimensional manifold, and (2) to discover a way to interpolate microstructures via latent space associating with latent microstructure variables. At the heart of this report is the applications of several common DL architectures, including convolutional neural networks (CNN), autoencoder (AE), and generative adversarial network (GAN), to multiple microstructure datasets, and the quest of neural architecture search for optimal DL architectures.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Owen Chamberlain: Nobel Laureate - 1959

“By Jove, this is what I want to do.” And so began Owen Chamberlain’s successful quest to verify the existence of the antiproton, a proton having a negative electrical charge. First proposed by Paul Dirac in 1930, the positron remained an elusive construct until Chamberlain and Emilio Segre proved its existence in 1955. Their discovery, published in Physics Review, was followed by the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physics.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Development of an Ultrahigh-bandwidth Phase Contrast Imaging System for detection of electron scale turbulence and Gigahertz Radio-Frequency Waves

The study of waves and turbulence is vital to the development of future reactor-grade plasma devices developed in the quest for fusion energy. These fluctuations are responsible for moving heat and particles across the magnetic field, and a predictive understanding of them is needed to achieve the density and temperature required to sustain a plasma fusion reaction. While many techniques have been developed for measuring waves and fluctuations, every measurement method has limitations. There are relatively few techniques for measuring very high frequency fluctuations, such as radio frequency waves injected to heat the plasma, unstable waves driven by suprathermal particles, or short wavelength electrostatic waves driven by electron temperature or density gradients. The present project builds upon the proven phase contrast imaging (PCI) technique to extend the response of the diagnostic by orders of magnitude in frequency and almost a factor of ten in spatial resolution. PCI provides a measurement of electron density based on small angle scattering of a CO-2 laser beam by using optical techniques to render a phase shift as an intensity change on a detector. Due to the telecommunications revolution, technological development by manufacturers has focused on components in the near -infrared, so that high- quality lasers and detectors at 1.55 µm are readily available. Shifting PCI design to a new, shorter wavelength has numerous advantages and challenges. Similar detector performance is available with room-temperature arrays with GHz bandwidth, while the detector arrays for 10.6 µm required liquid nitrogen cooling and were therefore limited to a bandwidth of about 1 MHz. Shifting to a shorter wavelength reduces the angle at which the laser beam scatters off of plasma waves, allowing more such scattered components to pass through the aperture of the vacuum vessel port and be collected by the PCI, which increases the spatial resolution. Concomitant with these benefits, various questions of performance arise. At shorter laser wave- length, the sensitivity to mirror and lens quality is increased, the contribution of the laser to the overall system noise is increased, and the sensitivity to vibrations is increased. The custom optical components at the heart of the PCI technique were required to be properly scaled for the shorter wavelength, so fabrication technologies needed to be explored. This project was designed to show that a low noise, high response PCI system at 1.55 µm could be constructed and operated, and then to quantify potential issues to allow extrapolation to a full-size production system providing physics measurements on a large plasma device. The first stage, producing the custom optical component called a Phase Plate, was successfully achieved using two methods. First, an easily reproduced masking and coating technique was able to produce good phase plates with the required parameters. Second, a nanofabrication technique was found to produce extremely high quality phase plates at a competitive price. The PCI constructed with the new phase plates and 1.55 µm laser was found to provide excellent wavelength measurements with the theoretically expected response. The sensitivity to optical surface quality was found to be in line with previous measurements at 10.6 µm. The observed signal-to-noise ratio was similar to the theoretically expected value. The effect of vibrations on PCI was studied with the first measurement of the effect of beam motion on PCI response and comparison to theory, allowing for a quantitative prediction of the effect of vibrations on a production PCI system and the requirements for improved beam stabilization. PCI is an extremely cost-effective method to provide a low noise, absolutely calibrated measurement of plasma fluctuations across a wide spatial scale. This project has shown that a 1.55 µm PCI using modern techniques and components is less expensive than the 10.6 µm PCI of a few years ago, with the largest savings in phase plate fabrication and the infrared detector array.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Bespoke, High-Purity Coal Tar with Microwave Plasma Pyrolysis

This presentation discusses H Quest Vanguard's method for generating bespoke, high-purity coal tar using microwave plasma pyrolysis. Demand for coal and coal-derived products is discussed. Mechanisms, properties and advantages of microwave plasma flash pyrolysis and its products are discussed.

Viswanathan, Vignesh↗
DOE OSTI2021

Energize: An Interactive Evaluation Tool for Engaging the General Public with Energy Decision Making - Final Report

The public has an ever-increasing interest in the economic, environmental, and social impacts of global energy production. To support informed decision making, the scientific community has a responsibility to communicate reliable and straight-forward information to the general public, in an engaging way, regarding energy systems and how choices made at different stages of an energy technology life cycle can impact the cost, amount of materials used, and waste produced. Our objective is to enhance public engagement via an interactive electrical energy game (Energ!ze) through which players interact with one another in their quest to develop an electrical energy portfolio that optimizes economic (e.g., company profit), environmental (e.g., reduced CO 2 emissions), and social (e.g., public opinion) impacts. The design and development of Energ!ze was an iterative process involving an interdisciplinary team of engineers, discipline-based scientists, computer scientists, and education experts. The development objectives were two-fold: (1) Accurate and quantifiable modeling of electrical energy systems and (2) Engaging and interactive user interface within the construct of the game narrative. The major game mechanics in the current playable Energ!ze version focus on economic metrics, and the database is scaffolded to add environmental and social metrics for future versions. This report details the outcome of the funding period (Section 2 and 3) and describes the development process, along with recommendations for future development (Section 4).

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Plasma Wall Interaction with 3-D Plasma Boundaries

The interaction of the edge plasma and the material surfaces is one of the most critical challenges on the path to harness fusion power as new, fundamental energy source. This challenge typically combines the thrust to reach high density, low temperature (detached) plasmas in front of the divertor target plates as well as understanding the plasma material interaction (PMI) in particular in this regime. The combination of both research thrusts represents an extraordinarily challenging subject encompassing spatial scales spanning nanometers to meters in all states of matter and across a broad energy range. Modeling capabilities, which help to interpret data from nowadays experiments and enable extrapolation to future devices are urgently required. This is in particular true for toroidal magnetic confinement devices with three-dimensional (3D) plasma boundaries. Such plasma boundary geometries occur in tokamaks, when small amplitude magnetic perturbations are used to stabilize the unruly edge plasma or in stellarators, that are inherently 3D plasma confinement devices. In this project, the impact of 3D plasma boundaries on the plasma material interaction (PMI) was assessed. This work focused on plasma boundary conditions, in which high-density conditions at the material surfaces yield mitigation of the otherwise immense heat and particle loads that these materials would see. These so-called high recycling and eventually detached plasma regimes are of great interest for future reactor operation. In the project, key features that are unique to 3D boundaries were explored in comparison to canonically assumed axisymmetric plasma edge situations in tokamaks. In particular, the relevance of the 3D boundary situation in the extrapolation to the plasma boundary solution at ITER, the next step fusion energy experiment under construction as a multi-national, world-wide large-science experiment in southern France, has been explored. The EMC3-EIRENE plasma edge fluid and kinetic neutral transport code has been advanced to cope with the challenging and unprecedented conditions in the ITER boundary plasma including 3D fields that are planned to be used to suppress harmful edge instabilities, the so-called edge localized modes. This is a vital integration challenge for ITER and the results from this grant have provide a leading capability for this assessment. It was shown that the detachment process in a 3D edge solution for ITER follows the recycling regimes that are known from axisymmetric solutions, but that multiple plasma exhaust channels connected to the material surfaces are established which feature individual recycling characteristics. Because these channels touch the material surfaces in the divertor in a 3D geometry, the compatibility with the plasma material interaction (PMI), including erosion and impurity generation has been found to be an important part of the integration challenge. To address this, the fully 3D plasma material interaction code ERO2 has been adapted to these ITER specific geometries and a homogeneous mixing model was implemented, that allows to consider the mixing of Be and Was used at ITER in the PMI modeling. This model enhancement has been used to study non-local migration of Be in the JET ITER like wall configuration and it has been shown that with this model such complex migration processes in ITER relevant plasma shapes and with ITER relevant plasma boundary conditions can be addressed. The combined modeling approach using EMC3-EIRENE as a plasma boundary transport code and the ERO2 specialized PMI model will be an asset for the continued preparations of ITER operation as well as for Fusion Pilot Plant efforts that have emerged in the U.S. during the evolution of this grant. The predictive capability of this numerical tool has been validated at the DIII-D US national fusion facility. Here, dedicated plasma edge diagnostics were implemented to measure the impurity household around a 3D edge plasma during ELM suppression by 3D fields. Dedicated experiments with local material probes using these diagnostics and the state-of-the-art suite of boundary measurements at DIII-D have shown that the 3D perturbation of the plasma edge that is excreted by such 3D control fields yield a perturbation of the plasma boundary flux structure and hence also of the resulting PMI. The 3D boundary plasma is composed out of helical magnetic flux channels that intersect the divertor targets at an angle relative to the main guiding field, i.e., the toroidal magnetic field component of the tokamak. A similar effect has been measured as well on limiter surfaces during the startup campaign at the new stellarator experiment Wendelstein 7-X. These experiments ad initial analysis with the ERO plasma material interaction model, suggested that the place of erosion for a given particle from the surface and its re-deposition can be different in such 3D field geometries yielding potentially a significant level of net-erosion. This is not the case for axisymmetric solutions, where it was shown in the past that the eroded particles are effectively re-deposited into gaps produced by erosion at the same position and hence the net-erosion levels are small. For ITER, the quest to suppress the ELMs and at the same time maintain the integrity of the divertor is an issue, which these fundamental findings will help to resolve. The coupling of this work to the extrapolation in the ITER program has been addressed by both the PI and the lead numerical scientist being ITER Science Fellows in the duration of the contract and forward. A second focus in the exploration of 3D boundary effects on tokamaks and stellarators has been set on the measurement of helium exhaust features with such 3D fields. This is important because He represents the ash of the fusion process and needs to be exhausted. It was shown that 3D field application compatible with suppression of ELMs yields an increase of the helium exhaust performance. The ratio of the effective helium confinement time over the energy confinement time was reduced by almost 50% which demonstrated that the impact of helium accumulation in the plasma core with respect to the confinement of energy to sustain the fusion reaction is significantly improved with such 3D control fields. It was shown that this is the case for tokamaks as well as stellarators. At the Large helical Device in Japan, a similar enhancement of the helium exhaust features when small amplitude additional 3D fields were applied was measured. This is an important additional function of 3D field application and its impact on ITER is presently being studied in combination with investigations of helium exhaust in 3D field geometries of stellarator devices.

3D plasma edge transport↗
DOE OSTI2023

Journey Over Destination: Differentiable Sensor Placement Enhances Generalization [Poster]

The challenge of reconstructing spatial fields that change over time from limited sensor data has been a focal point for many research studies. Various machine learning methods have been used in attempts to address this complex issue, including convolutional neural networks. All of the proposed methods share a common requirement that the user needs to manually determine the sensor positions. This requirement remains a limiting factor in the ongoing quest for efficient learning and accurate field reconstruction. This study aims to present a method that enables a model to optimize sensor positions via backpropagation, thereby facilitating the model’s exploration of the spatial domain and enhancing sensor positioning effectively. Indexing naturally incorporates discrete decisions. This operation is nondifferentiable which is a requirement for the application of gradient-based optimization methods. We showcased its effectiveness by training an attention-based neural network, which achieved top-tier performance on two separate datasets. To our knowledge, this represents the first fully end-to-end differentiable workflow for enhancing sensor placement within a neural network model.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Rechargeable Micro-Batteries

The quest for efficient power sources for small sensors has led to a growing interest in rechargeable micro-batteries, offering the potential to harness energy from various sources for extended periods. This project delves into a multifaceted project aimed at enhancing the performance and viability of rechargeable micro-batteries in this context. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has leveraged its expertise in primary micro-battery development, evolving into a software-driven approach for designing cylindrical micro-batteries. This project addresses the cycle life issue through innovative cell design, electrode optimization, and electrolyte refinement. A case study of the MB1842 rechargeable micro-battery demonstrates the promising outcomes of these advancements, showcasing a capacity of 0.32 mAh at ~1C (0.35 mA) and remarkable cycle performance, extending the cycle life to 510-570 cycles at 80% end-of-life (EOL), 710-760 cycles at 70% EOL and 840-940 cycles at 60% EOL, thereby ensuring a service life of 10 years for these rechargeable micro-batteries. This endeavor represents a significant stride towards unlocking the full potential of rechargeable micro-batteries, paving the way for their widespread application in small sensor technologies. The outcome from this project also successfully supports the award of a new project: 80621 - Self-Powered Modular Acoustic Telemetry System with Sensing.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Federated IRI Science Testbed (FIRST): A Concept Note

The Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) vision for an Integrated Research Infrastructure (IRI) is to empower researchers to smoothly and securely meld the DOE’s world-class user facilities and research infrastructure in novel ways in order to radically accelerate discovery and innovation. Performant IRI arises through the continuous interoperability of research workflows with compute, storage, and networking infrastructure, fulfilling researchers’ quests to gain insight from observational and experimental data. Decades of successful research, pilot projects, and demonstrations point to the extraordinary promise of IRI but also indicate the intertwined technological, policy, and sociological hurdles it presents. Creating, developing, and stewarding the conditions for seamless interoperability of DOE research infrastructure, with clear value propositions to stakeholders to opt into an IRI ecosystem, will be the next big step. Governance, funding, and resource allocation are beyond the scope of this document: it seeks to provide a high-level view of potential benefits, focus areas, and the working groups whose formation would further define the testbed’s design, activities, and goals.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Wearable robotics could save the day (and your back)

How can a lightweight back-assisted exosuit help material handlers decrease back strain from repetitive lifting tasks? What are the benefits of a passive robotic shoulder support in reducing fatigue and injury for environmental cleanup workers? How can mechanical devices reduce joint and muscle injuries in a manufacturing environment? These are some of the questions a group of Laboratory engineers are asking in their ongoing quest to identify and evaluate specially designed wearable advanced technologies to assist workers and help keep them safe.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Nuclear Structure Studies at the Limits of Stability

On the quest for a predictive model of atomic nuclei, the properties of rare isotopes have emerged as critical observables that benchmark extrapolations, identify missing physics ingredients in models, or that enable discovery science. Formerly NSCL and now FRIB facilitate world-leading experiments due to the availability of fast, stopped, and reaccelerated rare-isotope beams in conjunction with unique instruments. DOE-SC NP Award DE-SC0020451 supported from 2019 to 2023 MSU’s nuclear structure and reactions program that tackles compelling questions in the field with complementary techniques, probing single-particle and collective degrees of freedom in relevant regions of the nuclear chart and enabled developments that positioned the PIs and their research groups for first FRIB science.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Probing New Physics with Tau Leptons using the CMS Detector

The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics is a thoroughly well-tested theory of all electroweak scale phenomena to date—the most recent test being the discovery of the long-predicted Higgs boson. However, there is much evidence to suggest that it is incomplete. On the formal side, the mass of the Higgs particle itself is perplexingly small, while the largest theoretical energy scale of the SM is 17 orders of magnitude larger, a puzzle known as the hierarchy problem. On the experimental side, among other things, the SM lacks a candidate for dark matter, which is now known to play an indispensable role in astrophysical large scale structure formation. Many theories that address the fundamental puzzles of the SM predict the existence of multiple Higgs bosons, including a very light boson that couples preferentially to third-generation fermions. Observation of this new light boson, either directly produced or in the decay of the recently discovered SM Higgs, would provide an unmistakable sign of new dynamics in nature. The research supported by this award used data collected by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to explore boosted di-tau signatures of a new light boson as a tool in the quest to understand the shortcomings of the SM. With a proton-proton collision energy of 13 trillion electron-volts (TeV) and peak instantaneous proton luminosity of over 10^34 collisions per square centimeter per second (cm –2 s –1 ), the LHC is the only facility in the world that could enable this line of research. The research sought to address the hierarchy problem and other shortcomings of the SM through a mixture of LHC data analysis, maintenance of the CMS detector to ensure high quality data, and contributions to the Phase 2 upgrade detector for the upcoming High Luminosity phase of the LHC (HL-LHC).

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗