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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 343 records · Page 19
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1979

Proposed smart integrated-optical preprocessor using holographic subtraction

The paper presents a proposed integrated-optical preprocessor with a holographic subtraction. It is based on an optical analog of a set of N analog voltages formed by passing an optical plane wave, confined in an electrooptic waveguide, under a set of N electrodes to which the voltages are applied; in the limit in which diffraction is ignored, the wavefront of the emerging guided wave will have superimposed upon it N discrete phase shifts. Processors which operate upon voltages encoded in this manner are being fabricated; they include a comparator in which incoming data are compared to a holographic record of the optical analog of a reference set, and a 'smart' system based upon holographic self-subtraction, in which the processor can independently adapt to changes in background information. The preprocessor operation is described in the screening, identification, and the self-subtraction modes, and implementation of devices in an integrated optical configuration is discussed.

Verber, C. M.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Dispersion of sound in a combustion duct by fuel droplets and soot particles

Dispersion and attenuation of acoustic plane wave disturbances propagating in a ducted combustion system are studied. The dispersion and attenuation are caused by fuel droplet and soot emissions from a jet engine combustor. The attenuation and dispersion are due to heat transfer and mass transfer and viscous drag forces between the emissions and the ambient gas. Theoretical calculations show sound propagation at speeds below the isentropic speed of sound at low frequencies. Experimental results are in good agreement with the theory.

Miles, J. H.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Solution of electromagnetic scattering and radiation problems using a spectral domain approach - A review

This paper presents a brief review of some recent developments on the use of the spectral-domain approach for deriving high-frequency solutions to electromagnetics scattering and radiation problems. The spectral approach is not only useful for interpreting the well-known Keller formulas based on the geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD), it can also be employed for verifying the accuracy of GTD and other asymptotic solutions and systematically improving the results when such improvements are needed. The problem of plane wave diffraction by a finite screen or a strip is presented as an example of the application of the spectral-domain approach.

Mittra, R.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Characterization of acoustic disturbances in linearly sheared flows

Inviscid fluctuations in a compressible linearly sheared, but otherwise homogeneous, parallel two-dimensional flow are considered. The equation describing the plane wave propagation (PWP), the stability, or the rectangular duct mode characteristics in such a flow is shown to be reducible to Whittaker's equation. The exact solutions are applied to problems of PWP and stability in linearly sheared flows as limiting cases in which the speed of sound goes to infinity (incompressible limit) or the shear layer thickness, or wave number, goes to zero (vortex sheet limit). With respect to the PWP it is shown that the shear layer possesses no resonances and no Brewster angles, while with regard to the problem of the stability of a finite thickness shear layer with a linear velocity profile, it is shown that the thin layer is unstable to long wavelength disturbances for all Mach numbers.

Koutsoyannis, S. P.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Calculated and measured performance of a 'near ideal' locally reacting duct liner in grazing incidence

The calculated acoustic response of a nearly ideal (locally reacting and linear) duct liner has been compared with its measured performance. The ceramic honeycomb liner structure was such that the local reaction assumption was well satisfied over the frequency range of interest (0.5-3.0 kHz). In addition, the high repeatability of the measured impedance values over a large SPL range verified the assumption of linearity. A finite element algorithm was used to compute the duct liner transmission properties in terms of the liner's normal incidence impedance and the duct termination impedance using a plane wave source. Very good agreement between theory and experiment was observed in general, but required accurate normal impedance values in the high attenuation frequency bands of the liner's response.

Parrott, T. L.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Numerical calculation of shock-induced initiation of detonations

Results of numerical calculations of the impact of steel cylinders and spheres on the plastic bonded high explosive PBX 9501 are described. The calculations were carried out by a reactive, multicomponent, two dimensional, Eulerian hydrodynamic computer code, 2DE. The 2DE computer code is a finite difference code that uses the donor acceptor cell method to compute mixed cell fluxes. The parameters in the Forest Fire burn model are developed from experiments where the induced shock approximates a plane wave and are applied, in this case, to a situation where the induced shock is a divergent wave with curvature that depends on the size and shape of the projectile. The calculated results are compared with results from experiments involving instrumented mock and live high explosives, with projectiles of varying size, shapes, and velocities.

Cort, G. E.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Analytical prediction of the interior noise for cylindrical models of aircraft fuselages for prescribed exterior noise fields. Phase 1: Development and validation of preliminary analytical models

The basic theoretical work required to understand sound transmission into an enclosed space (that is, one closed by the transmitting structure) is developed for random pressure fields and for harmonic (tonal) excitation. The analysis is used to predict the noise reducton of unpressurized unstiffened cylinder, and also the interior response of the cylinder given a tonal (plane wave) excitation. Predictions and measurements are compared and the transmission is analyzed. In addition, results for tonal (harmonic) mechanical excitation are considered.

Pope, L. D.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Current sheet model

The model of a rectenna based on the current sheet equivalency of a large planar array is described. The model is mathematically characterized by expression for the fraction of the incident plane wave that is reflected from the sheet. The model is conceptually justified for normal incidence by comparing it to the waveguide model in which evanescent modes, present as beyond and cutoff, correspond to the near field components which become negligible at any significant distance from the antenna array.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1981

Finite sun effect on the interpretation of solar aureole

Although it is usually assumed that solar radiation falls on the earth's atmosphere in the form of plane waves, the finite angular size of the solar disk contradicts this assumption. For most purposes, this finite sun effect on computed or measured radiation quantities is negligible. However, in the region of the solar aureole, which is dominated by aerosol diffraction scattering, measurable effects may be obtained. In this paper, we show that the finite sun effect is related to derivatives of the scattering phase function and that a 1% effect may be obtained close to the sun if enough large particles are present in the atmosphere.

Box, M. A.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Interplanetary Alfvenic fluctuations - A stochastic model

The concept of minimum variance is investigated for nonplanar interplanetary Alfvenic fluctuations in which the field direction varies randomly. The theory of the random wandering of a vector of constant length is developed as a representation of the magnetic field, and it is found that the minimum variance tends to coincide with the mean field directions over the correlation time of the fluctuations. The Fokker-Planck limit of the theory is then developed and used to analyze the statistic distribution of field directions with and without a reflecting barrier. Results suggest that the tendency of the Alfvenic fluctuations to have a direction of minimum variance statistically aligned with the mean magnetic field may be purely a consequence of the randomness of the fluctuation and not imply that the fluctuations are necessarily plane waves. Extensive statistical studies of the observed directional variations of the interplanetary magnetic field are necessary to test this hypothesis.

Barnes, A.↗
NASA NTRS1982

An application of the Braunbeck method to the Maggi-Rubinowicz field representation

The Braunbek method is applied to the generalized vector potential associated with the Maggi-rubinowicz representation. Under certain approximations, an asymptotic evaluation of the vector potential is obtained. For observation points away from caustics or shadow boundaries, the field derived from this quantity is the same as that determined from the geometrical theory of diffraction on a singly diffracted edge ray. An evaluation of the field for the simple case of a plane wave normally incident on a circular aperture is presented showing that the field predicted by the Maggi-Rubinowicz theory is continuous across the shadow boundary.

Meneghini, R.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Refraction at a curved dielectric interface - Geometrical optics solution

The transmission of a spherical or plane wave through an arbitrarily curved dielectric interface is solved by the geometrical optics theory. The transmitted field is proportional to the product of the conventional Fresnel's transmission coefficient and a divergence factor (DF), which describes the cross-sectional variation (convergence or divergence) of a ray pencil as the latter propagates in the transmitted region. The factor DF depends on the incident wavefront, the curvatures of the interface, and the relative indices of the two media. Explicit matrix formulas for calculating DF are given, and its physical significance is illustrated via examples.

Lee, S.-W.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Comparison of sigma/deg/ obtained from the conventional definition with sigma/deg/ appearing in the radar equation for randomly rough surfaces

Results from the radar cross section of rough surfaces calculated from a conventional definition and from a direct solution of the radar equation are compared. The purpose is to define conditions under which the conventional solution produces the same cross-section as the radar equation. A randomly rough conduction surface is considered for line sources and corrugated surfaces. Two problems are analyzed: first, a plane wave is assumed to be incident on the surface and the observed scattered fields are computed, and second, the scattered fields received by an antenna colocated with the emitting antenna are used to compute the available power. The fields are assumed to scatter incoherently and the stationary points are assumed to be homogeneously distributed over the surface. The cross sections are found to be equal if the observer is far from the surface compared to the radii of the surface at the specular points.

Levine, D. M.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Metallic bond effects on mean excitation energies for stopping powers

Mean excitation energies for first row metals are evaluated by means of the local plasma approximation. Particle corrections based on Pines' (1953) procedure and the Wigner Seitz (1934) model of the metallic state are included. The agreement with experimental values is remarkably good. In contrast to previous work, the calculations given here estimate shifts in the plasma frequency according to the theory for plane wave states in an extended plasma as calculated by Pines. It is demonstrated that the effects of the metallic bond in lithium and beryllium are quite large and that they appear mainly as a result of collective oscillations in the 'free' electron gas formed from the valence electrons. The usefulness of the plasma frequency shift derived for a degenerate electron gas in predicting the plasma frequency shift within the ion core is considered surprising.

Wilson, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Classifying Particles By Acoustic Levitation

Separation technique well suited to material processing. Apparatus with rectangular-cross-section chamber used to measure equilibrium positions of low-density spheres in gravitational field. Vertical acoustic forces generated by two opposing compression drivers exciting fundamental plane-wave mode at 1.2 kHz. Additional horizontal drivers centered samples along vertical axis. Applications in fusion-target separation, biological separation, and manufacturing processes in liquid or gas media.

Barmatz, Martin B.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Acoustical modal analysis of the pressure field in the tailpipe of a turbofan engine

The results of a modal analysis of the pressure field in the tailpipe of a turbofan engine are presented. Modal amplitudes, at the tailpipe inlet and exit, are presented, as a function of frequency, for several operating conditions. The modal amplitudes were obtained using an optimization routine to obtain a best fit between measured cross spectra and an analytical expression for the cross spectra between pressures at circumferentially spaced locations. The measured pressure field was decomposed into a set of five modal amplitudes corresponding to the (0,0), (1,0), (2,0), (3,0), and (4,0) modes. The analysis was limited to frequencies below 1500 Hz where higher order modes are cutoff. The results of the analysis showed that at low frequencies, up to the cuton frequency of the (1,0) mode, the (0,0) mode (plane wave) dominated the pressure field. The frequency range from the cuton of the (1,0) mode to the cuton of the (2,0) mode was dominated by the (1,0) mode. The (2,0) mode dominated from its cuton frequency to the upper limit of the analysis, i.e., 1500 Hz. The contribution of modes other than the dominant mode was usually small.

Krejsa, E. A.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Array-fed reflector antenna design and applications

One phase of the spacecraft antenna research carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for deep space and near-earth communications is described. Array-fed reflector antenna designs have been elaborated for beam scanning, power amplification, and multiple beam applications. The antenna designs derive from similar optical concepts. Each antenna comprises a relatively small plane-wave array feeding a near-field dual-reflector system. The main reflector and the the subreflector are confocal paraboloids having identical focal length to diameter ratios. The array feed is positioned in such a way that the subreflector is in the near-field (collimated beam) region of the feed. The field distribution of the feed aperture is thereby recreated approximately in the main reflector aperture. The detailed design concepts of the antennas (beam-scanning, high-power, and mutliple-beam) are discussed, and the calculated and measured RF performances of the antennas are presented.

Woo, K.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Noise generation by a finite span swept airfoil

An analysis is developed for the noise generated by a convected gust interacting with a single swept airfoil. The airfoil spans a channel with infinite parallel walls which contains a uniform subsonic mean flow. High frequency gusts, for which the noise generation is concentrated at the airfoil leading edge, are considered. The solution utilizes the Wiener-Hopf technique applied to the equations in nonorthogonal coordinates. Closed form expressions for the farfield acoustic pressure are obtained. The convected gust is assumed to be a plane wave, i.e., the lowest order spanwise mode. Because of the swept leading edge, this convected gust generates acoustic modes of all orders. At high frequencies and low Mach numbers, moderate sweep angles produce substantial noise reductions. The residual acoustic energy is carried mainly by the higher modes. The airfoil sweep also modulates the basic high frequency farfield directivity, producing lobed patterns. The angular modulation of the directivity patterns is most pronounced for the lower order modes.

Kerschen, E. J.↗