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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 343 records · Page 19
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

A study of charge symmetry violation in fragmentation functions extracted from semi-inclusive electroproduction of charged pions from protons and deuterons

We have measured the flavor dependence of multiplicities for ?+ and ?? production in semi- inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) on proton and deuteron targets. We used a 10.6 GeV electron beam at Jefferson Lab, and 4 msr solid angle spectrometers (HMS for electrons, SHMS for pions), the lepton vertex spanned the kinematic range 0.3 < ? < 0.6, 2 < ?2 < 5 GeV2, and 4 < ?2 < 11 GeV2. The pion fractional momentum range was 0.3 < ? < 0.7 and the small transverse momentum range was 0 < ?? < 0.25 GeV. We used the multiplicities to form sum-and- difference ratios, testing the validity of factorization. We extracted two favored and two unfavored flavor-dependent fragmentation functions (FFs) using these multiplicities. Assuming factorization at low ?? , we find that these two FFs allow for isospin breaking (charge symmetry violation) at low ?, while converging to a common flavor independent value at the highest ? of this experiment, where the factorization is most applicable.

Bhatt, Hem↗
DOE OSTI2025

Flavor Dependence of Charged Pion Fragmentation Functions

We have measured the flavor dependence of multiplicities for π + and π - production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) on proton and deuteron to explore a possible charge symmetry violation in fragmentation functions. The experiment used an electron beam with energies of 10.2 and 10.6 GeV at Jefferson Lab and the Hall-C spectrometers. The electron kinematics spanned the range 0.3 < x < 0.6, 2 < Q 2 < 5.5 GeV2, and 2.2 < W < 3.2 GeV. The pion fractional momentum range was 0.3 < z < 0.7, and the transverse momentum range was 0 < p T < 0.25 GeV/c. Assuming factorization and allowing for isospin breaking, the results can be described by two “favored” and two “unfavored” effective low p T fragmentation functions that are flavor-dependent. We find each pair converges to a common flavor-independent fragmentation function at the highest W, where factorization is most applicable.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

On the effect of pion condensates on the spectrum of neutron stars

There is no precise theory describing the structure of neutron stars. However, inside such objects the baryon density is very high and a pion condensation may occur. These condensates, if they exist, might give a significant effect on a spectrum of neutron stars. We investigate this influence with a help of simplified model to give qualitative picture of the effect.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2025

Nonperturbative aspects of the electromagnetic pion form factor at high energies

The structure of hadronic form factors at high energies and their deviations from perturbative quantum chromodynamics provide insight on nonperturbative dynamics. Using an approach that is consistent with dispersion relations, we construct a model that simultaneously accounts for the pion wave function, gluonic exchanges, and quark Reggeization. In particular, we find that quark Reggeization can be investigated at high energies by studying scaling violation of the form factor.

Form factors↗
DOE OSTI2025

Search for an Anomalous Production of Charged-Current 𝜈 𝑒 Interactions without Visible Pions across Multiple Kinematic Observables in MicroBooNE

This Letter presents an investigation of low-energy electron-neutrino interactions in the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam by the MicroBooNE experiment, motivated by the excess of electron-neutrino-like events observed by the MiniBooNE experiment. This is the first measurement to use data from all five years of operation of the MicroBooNE experiment, corresponding to an exposure of 1.11 × 10 21 protons on target, a 70% increase on past results. Two samples of electron neutrino interactions without visible pions are used, one with visible protons and one without any visible protons. The MicroBooNE data show reasonable agreement with the nominal prediction, with 𝑝 values ≥26.7% when the two 𝜈 𝑒 samples are combined, though the prediction exceeds the data in limited regions of phase space. The data are further compared to two empirical models that modify the predicted rate of electron-neutrino interactions in different variables in the simulation to match the unfolded MiniBooNE low energy excess. In the first model, this unfolding is performed as a function of electron neutrino energy, while the second model aims to match the observed shower energy and angle distributions of the MiniBooNE excess. This measurement excludes an electronlike interpretation of the MiniBooNE excess based on these models at >99% CLs in all kinematic variables.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Comparative analysis of proton and pion scattering on the isotopes {sup 6,8}He within Glauber theory

The differential cross sections for p{sup 6,8}He and p{sup 6,8}He scattering at the RIKEN andGSI energies (0.073 and 0.7 GeV per nucleon) were calculated on the basis of Glauber theory. Pion and proton interaction with a nucleus is determined by the multiple-scattering series (Glauber operator), so that various collision multiplicities and their contributions to the summed cross section can be taken into account. The use of the α-n-n wave function for {sup 6}He and the wave function on the basis of the large-scale shell model (LSSM) for {sup 8}He makes it possible to calculate analytically scattering matrix elements.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Insights into the emergence of mass from studies of pion and kaon structure

There are two mass generating mechanisms in the standard model of particle physics (SM). One is related to the Higgs boson and fairly well understood. The other is embedded in quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the SM’s strong interaction piece; and although responsible for emergence of the roughly 1 GeV mass scale that characterises the proton and hence all observable matter, the source and impacts of this emergent hadronic mass (EHM) remain puzzling. As bound states seeded by a valence-quark and -antiquark, pseudoscalar mesons present a simpler problem in quantum field theory than that associated with the nucleon. Consequently, there is a large array of robust predictions for pion and kaon properties whose empirical validation will provide a clear window onto many effects of both mass generating mechanisms and the constructive interference between them. This has now become significant because new-era experimental facilities, in operation, construction, or planning, are capable of conducting such tests and thereby contributing greatly to resolving the puzzles of EHM. These aspects of experiment, phenomenology, and theory, along with contemporary successes and challenges, are reviewed herein. In addition to providing an overview of the experimental status, we focus on recent progress made using continuum Schwinger function methods and lattice-regularised QCD. Further, advances made using other theoretical tools are also sketched. Our primary goal is to highlight the potential gains that can accrue from a coherent effort aimed at finally reaching an understanding of the character and structure of Nature’s Nambu–Goldstone modes.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Symmetry tests in photo-pion production

Small angle electron scattering with intense electron beams opens up the possibility of performing almost real photon induced reactions with thin, polarized hydrogen and few body targets, allowing for the detection of low energy charged particles. This promises to be much more effective than conventional photon tagging techniques. For photo-pion reactions some fundamental new possibilities include: tests of charge symmetry in the N-N system by measurement of the neutron-neutron scattering length a{sub nn} in the and ggrD → π{sup +}nn reaction; tests of isospin breaking due to the mass difference of the up and down quarks; measurements with polarized targets are sensitive to πN phase shifts and will test the validity of the Fermi-Watson (final state interaction) theorem. All of these experiments will test the accuracy and energy region of validity of chiral effective theories.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Comparing pion production models to MiniBooNE data

Predictions for neutrino-induced charged- and neutral-current single pion production on CH{sub 2} from theoretical models and Monte Carlo event generators are compared with the cross section measurements from the MiniBooNE experiment.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Pion electric polarizability from lattice QCD

Electromagnetic polarizabilities are important parameters for understanding the interaction between photons and hadrons. For pions these quantities are poorly constrained experimentally since they can only be measured indirectly. New experiments at CERN and Jefferson Lab are planned that will measure the polarizabilities more precisely. Lattice QCD can be used to compute these quantities directly in terms of quark and gluons degrees of freedom, using the background field method. We present results for the electric polarizability for two different quark masses, light enough to connect to chiral perturbation theory. These are currently the lightest quark masses used in polarizability studies.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Soft-Pion theorems for large scale structure

Consistency relations — which relate an N-point function to a squeezed (N+1)-point function — are useful in large scale structure (LSS) because of their non-perturbative nature: they hold even if the N-point function is deep in the nonlinear regime, and even if they involve astrophysically messy galaxy observables. The non-perturbative nature of the consistency relations is guaranteed by the fact that they are symmetry statements, in which the velocity plays the role of the soft pion. In this paper, we address two issues: (1) how to derive the relations systematically using the residual coordinate freedom in the Newtonian gauge, and relate them to known results in ζ-gauge (often used in studies of inflation); (2) under what conditions the consistency relations are violated. In the non-relativistic limit, our derivation reproduces the Newtonian consistency relation discovered by Kehagias and Riotto and Peloso and Pietroni. More generally, there is an infinite set of consistency relations, as is known in ζ-gauge. There is a one-to-one correspondence between symmetries in the two gauges; in particular, the Newtonian consistency relation follows from the dilation and special conformal symmetries in ζ-gauge. We probe the robustness of the consistency relations by studying models of galaxy dynamics and biasing. We give a systematic list of conditions under which the consistency relations are violated; violations occur if the galaxy bias is non-local in an infrared divergent way. We emphasize the relevance of the adiabatic mode condition, as distinct from symmetry considerations. As a by-product of our investigation, we discuss a simple fluid Lagrangian for LSS.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Centrality dependence of Lévy-stable two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations in $\sqrt{𝑠{𝑁⁢𝑁}}$ = 200 GeV Au + Au collisions

The PHENIX experiment measured the centrality dependence of two-pion Bose-Einstein correlation functions in $\sqrt{𝑠{𝑁⁢𝑁}}$ = 200 GeV Au + Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The data are well represented by Lévy-stable source distributions. The extracted source parameters are the correlation-strength parameter 𝜆, the Lévy index of stability 𝛼, and the Lévy-scale parameter 𝑅 as a function of transverse mass 𝑚 𝑇 and centrality. The 𝜆⁡(𝑚 𝑇 ) parameter is constant at larger values of 𝑚 𝑇 , but decreases as 𝑚 𝑇 decreases. The Lévy-scale parameter 𝑅⁡(𝑚 𝑇 ) decreases with 𝑚 𝑇 and exhibits proportionality to the length scale of the nuclear overlap region. The Lévy exponent 𝛼⁡(𝑚 𝑇 ) is independent of 𝑚 𝑇 within uncertainties in each investigated centrality bin, but shows a clear centrality dependence. At all centralities, the Lévy exponent 𝛼 is significantly different from that of Gaussian (𝛼 = 2) or Cauchy (𝛼 = 1) source distributions. Comparisons to the predictions of Monte-Carlo simulations of resonance-decay chains show that, in all but the most peripheral centrality class (50%–60%), the obtained results are inconsistent with the measurements, unless a significant reduction of the in-medium mass of the 𝜂′ meson is included. Finally, in each centrality class, the best value of the in-medium 𝜂′ mass is compared to the mass of the 𝜂 meson, as well as to several theoretical predictions that consider restoration of U 𝐴⁢ (1) symmetry in hot hadronic matter.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Emergence of a nonuniform pion condensate in the (1 + 1)-dimensional Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model

The (1 + 1)-dimensional Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model describing the system of two-flavor quarks is studied in the limit of a large number of colors in the presence of a baryon chemical potential Micro-Sign and an isospin chemical potential Micro-Sign {sub I}. The possible formation of a nonuniform pion condensate in dense quark matter is considered for the cases of both the massive and the massless model.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Calibration of the LHCb electromagnetic calorimeter via reconstructing the neutral-pion invariant mass

The calibration of the LHCb electromagnetic calorimeter is a multistep procedure aimed at reconstructing photon and electron energies to a precision not poorer than 2%. A method based on measuring the neutral-pion invariantmass is applied at the last step of this procedure. A regular application of this method makes it possible to improve substantially the resolution for particles that decay through channels featuring electrons and photons in the final state.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Probing TMDs through azimuthal distributions of pions inside a jet in hadronic collisions

The azimuthal distributions around the jet axis of leading pions produced in the jet fragmentation process in pp collisions are studied within the framework of the so-called generalized parton model. The observable leading-twist azimuthal asymmetries are estimated in kinematic configurations presently investigated at RHIC. It is shown how the main contributions coming from the Collins and Sivers effects can be disentangled. In addition, a test of the process dependence of the Sivers function is provided.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Dipole polarizabilities of charged pions

We discuss main experimental works, where dipole polarizabilities of charged pions have been determined. Possible reasons for the differences between the experimental data are discussed. In particular, it is shown that the account of the -meson gives a significant correction to the value of the polarizability obtained in the latest experiment of the COMPASS collaboration.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗