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NASA NTRS1984

A bibliography of planetary geology principal investigators and their associates, 1982 - 1983

This bibliography cites recent publications by principal investigators and their associates, supported through NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications, Earth and Planetary Exploration Division, Planetary Geology Program. It serves as a companion piece to NASA TM-85127, ""Reports of Planetary Programs, 1982". Entries are listed under the following subject areas: solar system, comets, asteroids, meteorites and small bodies; geologic mapping, geomorphology, and stratigraphy; structure, tectonics, and planetary and satellite evolutions; impact craters; volcanism; fluvial, mass wasting, glacial and preglacial studies; Eolian and Arid climate studies; regolith, volatiles, atmosphere, and climate, radar; remote sensing and photometric studies; and cartography, photogrammetry, geodesy, and altimetry. An author index is provided.

Plescia, J. B.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

The NASA Facility for Astromaterials Research at the Johnson Space Center – A National Laboratory for Planetary Research

The Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES) Division at the NASA Johnson Space Center has established the NASA Facility for Astromaterials Research (NFAR) through the NASA Planetary Science Enabling Facilities program. NFAR is designed to provide access to our unique combination of laboratories, instruments, infrastructure, and technical expertise for conducting broad-based world-class planetary research. NFAR enables direct access to both research and curation expertise, to facilitate specialized sample handling and analysis of astromaterials and planetary analog materials. NFAR users from institutions that historically have limited access to or lack in-house analytical or experimental facilities are particularly encouraged to apply. We award NFAR research projects to users in a competitive peer-reviewed proposal process. Proposals to use NFAR labs are limited to <5 pages and focus on the scientific purpose of the investigation and its relevance to NASA Planetary Science Division (PSD) objectives, the labs to be accessed, and the time needed for the investigation. There is no deadline for proposals, and proposals will be reviewed on a rolling basis. NASA-funded research in active PSD R&A proposals is prioritized along with requests from early-career/next-generation scientists, under-represented minorities, and to Principal Investigators from minority-serving institutions. More information on the NFAR labs and preparing and submitting a proposal can be found at: https://ares.jsc.nasa.gov/research/nasa-facility-astromaterials-research/.

E. Rampe↗
NASA NTRS1985

Testing of 30-GHz low noise receivers

NASA-sponsored studies of the growth in communications traffic have indicated that the frequency spectrum allocated to fix-service satellites at the C and Ku bands will reach saturation by the early 1990's. The next higher frequency bands allocated for communications satellties are 27.5 to 30 GHz for the uplink and 17.7 to 20.2 GHz for the downlink. Current plans for developing satellite systems that use these bands include a NASA demonstration satellite (ACTS). One of the components identified as critical to the success of that mission is a 27.5 to 30 GHz satellite receiver. In response to that identification, NASA has sponsored the development of such a receiver to the proof-of-concept (POC) level. Design and fabrication of such POC model receivers was carried out under parallel contracts awarded to LNR Communications, Inc. of Hauppauge, New York and to ITT Defense Communications Division of Nutley, New Jersey. The most significant of the performance goals were a 5 db maximum noise figure, a 2.5 GHz passband, and e0 dB Rf to If gain. Following delivery of hardware from each of the contractors, an in-house test program was undertaken at NASA's Lewis Research Center in order to verify the contractor-reported performance and to provide a comparison of the two receivers under identical test conditions. The present paper reports the results of those tests.

Conroy, M. J.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Testing of 30-GHz low noise receivers

NASA-sponsored studies of the growth in communications traffic have indicated that the frequency spectrum allocated to fix-service satellites at the C and Ku bands will reach saturation by the early 1990's. The next higher frequency bands allocated for communications satellites are 27.5 to 30 GHz for the uplink and 17.7 to 20.2 GHz for the downlink. Current plans for developing satellite systems that use these bands include a NASA demonstration satellite (ACTS). One of the components identified as critical to the success of that mission is a 27.5 to 30 GHz satellite receiver. In response to that identification, NASA has sponsored the development of such a receiver to the proof-of-concept (POC) level. Design and fabrication of such POC model receivers was carried out under parallel contracts awarded to LNR Communications, Inc. of Hauppauge, New York and to ITT Defense Communications Division of Nutley, New Jersey. The most significant of the performance goals were a 5 dB maximum noise figure, a 2.5 GHz passband, and 20 dB RF to IF gain. Following delivery of hardware from each of the contractors, an in-house test program was undertaken at NASA's Lewis Research Center in order to verify the contractor-reported performance and to provide a comparison of the two receivers under identical test conditions. The present paper reports the results of those tests.

Conroy, M. J.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Performance of Large Format Transition Edge Sensor Microcalorimeter Arrays

We have produced a variety of superconducting transition edge sensor array designs for microcalorimetric detection of x-rays. Arrays are characterized with a time division SQUID multiplexer such that greater than 10 devices from an array can be measured in the same cooldown. Designs include kilo pixel scale arrays of relatively small sensors (-75 micron pitch) atop a thick metal heatsinking layer as well as arrays of membrane-isolated devices on 250 micron and up to 600 micron pitch. We discuss fabrication and performance of microstripline wiring at the small scales achieved to date. We also address fabrication issues with reduction of absorber contact area in small devices.

Chervenak, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS2014

Goddard's Astrophysics Science Division Annual Report 2013

The Astrophysics Science Division (ASD) at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is one of the largest and most diverse astrophysical organizations in the world, with activities spanning a broad range of topics in theory, observation, and mission and technology development. Scientific research is carried out over the entire electromagnetic spectrum from gamma rays to radio wavelengths as well as particle physics and gravitational radiation. Members of ASD also provide the scientific operations for two orbiting astrophysics missions Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and Swift as well as the Science Support Center for Fermi. A number of key technologies for future missions are also under development in the Division, including X-ray mirrors, space-based interferometry, high contrast imaging techniques to search for exoplanets, and new detectors operating at gamma-ray, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared, and radio wavelengths. The overriding goals of ASD are to carry out cutting-edge scientific research, provide Project Scientist support for spaceflight missions, implement the goals of the NASA Strategic Plan, serve and support the astronomical community, and enable future missions by conceiving new concepts and inventing new technologies.

ultraviolet astrophysics↗
NASA NTRS2000

Insulin-like growth factor-I extends in vitro replicative life span of skeletal muscle satellite cells by enhancing G1/S cell cycle progression via the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/Akt signaling pathway

Interest is growing in methods to extend replicative life span of non-immortalized stem cells. Using the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) transgenic mouse in which the IGF-I transgene is expressed during skeletal muscle development and maturation prior to isolation and during culture of satellite cells (the myogenic stem cells of mature skeletal muscle fibers) as a model system, we elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms of IGF-I-mediated enhancement of proliferative potential of these cells. Satellite cells from IGF-I transgenic muscles achieved at least five additional population doublings above the maximum that was attained by wild type satellite cells. This IGF-I-induced increase in proliferative potential was mediated via activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/Akt pathway, independent of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, facilitating G(1)/S cell cycle progression via a down-regulation of p27(Kip1). Adenovirally mediated ectopic overexpression of p27(Kip1) in exponentially growing IGF-I transgenic satellite cells reversed the increase in cyclin E-cdk2 kinase activity, pRb phosphorylation, and cyclin A protein abundance, thereby implicating an important role for p27(Kip1) in promoting satellite cell senescence. These observations provide a more complete dissection of molecular events by which increased local expression of a growth factor in mature skeletal muscle fibers extends replicative life span of primary stem cells than previously known.

NASA Discipline Musculoskeletal↗
NASA NTRS1978

Photometric confirmation of the Encke division in Saturn's ring A

A physical model of the behavior of Saturn's satellite Iapetus passing through the shadow of the rings is discussed. The model is examined via computer simulation to give photometric confirmation of the Encke division in ring A. The actual event was observed with a two-channel sky-chopping photometer. Simultaneous pulse-counter output from the red and blue channels was integrated for 10-ms intervals alternately on the sky and on Iapetus. In the computer simulation a solar limb-darkening coefficient was used in the blue region and Iapetus was considered two limb-darkened hemispheres of radii 800 km with the trailing hemisphere brighter than the preceding hemisphere by a factor of seven.

Reitsema, H. J.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Space Station Freedom payload operations from the user's perspective

This report describes the Microgravity Science and Applications Division's (MSAD) operations concept for using the Space Station Freedom (SSF) program ground data systems and services, and the plans for and capabilities of the MSAD remote User Operations Facilities (UOF) from which the MSAD SSF payloads will be operated. Attention is given to the MSAD operational phases, the MSAD UOF concept, and UOF operations teams. MSAD is planning remote payload operations for a number of Spacelab missions which will supply MSAD valuable information for application to the development of UOFs in the SSF era.

Robey, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS2002

A TRMM-Calibrated Infrared Technique for Global Rainfall Estimation

The development of a satellite infrared (IR) technique for estimating convective and stratiform rainfall and its application in studying the diurnal variability of rainfall on a global scale is presented. The Convective-Stratiform Technique (CST), calibrated by coincident, physically retrieved rain rates from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR), is applied over the global tropics during 2001. The technique is calibrated separately over land and ocean, making ingenious use of the IR data from the TRMM Visible/Infrared Scanner (VIRS) before application to global geosynchronous satellite data. The low sampling rate of TRMM PR imposes limitations on calibrating IR-based techniques; however, our research shows that PR observations can be applied to improve IR-based techniques significantly by selecting adequate calibration areas and calibration length. The diurnal cycle of rainfall, as well as the division between convective and stratiform rainfall will be presented. The technique is validated using available data sets and compared to other global rainfall products such as Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) IR product, calibrated with TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) data. The calibrated CST technique has the advantages of high spatial resolution (4 km), filtering of non-raining cirrus clouds, and the stratification of the rainfall into its convective and stratiform components, the latter being important for the calculation of vertical profiles of latent heating.

Negri, Andrew J.↗
NASA NTRS2004

The Office of the Materials Division

I was assigned to the Materials Division, which consists of the following branches; the Advanced Metallics Branch/5120-RMM, Ceramics Branch/5130-RMC, Polymers Branch/5150-RMP, and the Durability and Protective Coatings Branch/5160-RMD. Mrs. Pamela Spinosi is my assigned mentor. She was assisted by Ms.Raysa Rodriguez/5100-RM and Mrs.Denise Prestien/5100-RM, who are both employed by InDyne, Inc. My primary assignment this past summer was working directly with Ms. Rodriguez, assisting her with setting up the Integrated Financial Management Program (IFMP) 5130-RMC/Branch procedures and logs. These duties consisted of creating various spreadsheets for each individual branch member, which were updated daily. It was not hard to familiarize myself with these duties since this is my second summer working with Ms Rodriguez at NASA Glenn Research Center. RMC ordering laboratory, supplies and equipment for the Basic Materials Laboratory (Building 106) using the IF'MP/Purchase Card (P-card), a NASA-wide software program. I entered into the IFMP/Travel and Requisitions System, new Travel Authorizations for the 5130-RMC Civil Servant Branch Members. I also entered and completed Travel Vouchers for the 5130-RMC Ceramics Branch. I assisted in the Division Office creating new Emergency Contact list for the Materials Division. I worked with Dr. Hugh Gray, the Division Chief, and Dr. Ajay Misra, the 5130-RMC Branch Chief, on priority action items, with a close deadline, for a large NASA Proposal. Another project was working closely with Ms. Rodriguez in organizing and preparing for Dr. Ajay K. Misra's SESCDP (two year detail). This consisted of organizing files, file folders, personal information, and recording all data material onto CD's and printing all presentations for display in binders. I attended numerous Branch meetings, and observed many changes in the Branch Management organization.

Ramsey, amanda J.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Excellent Ballistic Impact Properties Demonstrated By New Fabric

Recently, a relatively new industrial fiber known by the trade name Zylon has been under commercial development by Toyobo Co., Ltd., Japan. In ballistic impact tests conducted at the NASA Glenn Research Center, it was found that dry fabric braided of Zylon had greater ballistic impact capacity than comparable (braid style and weight) fabric braided of Kevlar. To study the potential use of Zylon fabric in jet engine containment systems, the fabric was tested in Glenn's Structures and Acoustics Division Ballistic Impact Facility under conditions simulating those which occur in a jet engine blade-out event. Circular ring test specimens were fabricated by wrapping five layers of braided Zylon or Kevlar fabric around an inner ring made of a thin sheet of aluminum and a 1-in.-thick layer of aluminum honeycomb. The test specimens had an inner diameter of 40 in., an axial length of 10 in., and a wall thickness of approximately 1.5in. A test specimen is shown in the photograph.

Pereira, J. Michael↗
NASA NTRS2008

Hardware Architecture Study for NASA's Space Software Defined Radios

This study defines a hardware architecture approach for software defined radios to enable commonality among NASA space missions. The architecture accommodates a range of reconfigurable processing technologies including general purpose processors, digital signal processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) in addition to flexible and tunable radio frequency (RF) front-ends to satisfy varying mission requirements. The hardware architecture consists of modules, radio functions, and and interfaces. The modules are a logical division of common radio functions that comprise a typical communication radio. This paper describes the architecture details, module definitions, and the typical functions on each module as well as the module interfaces. Trade-offs between component-based, custom architecture and a functional-based, open architecture are described. The architecture does not specify the internal physical implementation within each module, nor does the architecture mandate the standards or ratings of the hardware used to construct the radios.

Reinhart, Richard C.↗
NASA NTRS1939

A Flight Determination of the Moments of the YG-1B Tapered Blade Rotor about the Hub Trunnions

At the request of the Materiel Division, Wright Field, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics is conducting a program of flight tests on a Kellett YG-1B autogiro equipped with a new type of rotor blade. The new blades are tapered in both plan form. and thickness and are designed to avoid periodic blade twist. One phase of the investigation, involving determination of the moments of the resultant rotor force about the trunnions on which the hub is pivoted for control, has been completed. The results obtained are reported herein.

Bailey, F. J., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS2020

2019 NASA Division of Space Life and Physical Sciences Research and Applications Fluid Physics Workshop Report

On October 16 and 17, 2019, NASA’s Space Life and Physical Sciences Research and Applications (SLPSRA) Division held the 2019 NASA SLPSRA Fluid Physics Workshop at the Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. Researchers from academia, industry, and Government agencies gathered to provide recommendations to NASA on exploration-related microgravity challenges in multiphase systems and thermal transport processes. The goal of the workshop was to identify overarching future research themes relevant to NASA’s exploration goals in three key areas: (1) boiling and condensation; (2) water recovery; and (3) heat pipes.

microgravity↗
NASA NTRS1973

Some services of the Time and Frequency Division of the National Bureau of Standards

The Time and Frequency Division of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) provides several services to the general public. The radio broadcasts of WWV, WWVH, and WWVB supply reliable, unambiguous time signals to many users. The NBS telephone time-of-day service attracts several hundreds of thousands of calls each year. Periodically, the NBS provides courses on specific topics relating to time and frequency technology. In addition to numerous technical papers published each year, the NBS has prepared the first volume of a comprehensive monograph on time and frequency. The results of research in the Time and Frequency Division of the NBS have had significant impact. An active TV time system capable of serving most of the U.S. currently awaits a ruling by the FCC on a petition filed last year on behalf of the NBS by the Department of Commerce. Three more recent developments are: (1) a TV frequency comparator (patent applied for); (2) a method to perform an independent (absolute) frequency evaluation of commercial cesium beam oscillators; and (3) a method of removing one source of frequency drift in commercial cesium beam oscillators.

Barnes, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Tissue-engineered human bioartificial muscles expressing a foreign recombinant protein for gene therapy

Murine skeletal muscle cells transduced with foreign genes and tissue engineered in vitro into bioartificial muscles (BAMs) are capable of long-term delivery of soluble growth factors when implanted into syngeneic mice (Vandenburgh et al., 1996b). With the goal of developing a therapeutic cell-based protein delivery system for humans, similar genetic tissue-engineering techniques were designed for human skeletal muscle stem cells. Stem cell myoblasts were isolated, cloned, and expanded in vitro from biopsied healthy adult (mean age, 42 +/- 2 years), and elderly congestive heart failure patient (mean age, 76 +/- 1 years) skeletal muscle. Total cell yield varied widely between biopsies (50 to 672 per 100 mg of tissue, N = 10), but was not significantly different between the two patient groups. Percent myoblasts per biopsy (73 +/- 6%), number of myoblast doublings prior to senescence in vitro (37 +/- 2), and myoblast doubling time (27 +/- 1 hr) were also not significantly different between the two patient groups. Fusion kinetics of the myoblasts were similar for the two groups after 20-22 doublings (74 +/- 2% myoblast fusion) when the biopsy samples had been expanded to 1 to 2 billion muscle cells, a number acceptable for human gene therapy use. The myoblasts from the two groups could be equally transduced ex vivo with replication-deficient retroviral expression vectors to secrete 0.5 to 2 microg of a foreign protein (recombinant human growth hormone, rhGH)/10(6) cells/day, and tissue engineered into human BAMs containing parallel arrays of differentiated, postmitotic myofibers. This work suggests that autologous human skeletal myoblasts from a potential patient population can be isolated, genetically modified to secrete foreign proteins, and tissue engineered into implantable living protein secretory devices for therapeutic use.

Non-NASA Center↗