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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 343 records · Page 19
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Synergy and destructive interferences between local magnetic anisotropies in binuclear complexes

Magnetic anisotropy is responsible for the single molecule magnet behavior of transition metal complexes. This behavior is characterized by a slow relaxation of the magnetization for low enough temperatures, and thus for a possible blocking of the magnetization. This bistable behavior can lead to possible technological applications in the domain of data storage or quantum computing. Therefore, the understanding of the microscopic origin of magnetic anisotropy has received a considerable interest during the last two decades. The presentation focuses on the determination of the anisotropy parameters of both mono-nuclear and bi-nuclear types of complexes and on the control and optimization of the anisotropic properties. The validity of the model Hamiltonians commonly used to characterize such complexes has been questioned and it is shown that neither the standard multispin Hamiltonian nor the giant spin Hamiltonian are appropriate for weakly coupled ions. Alternative models have been proposed and used to properly extract the relevant parameters. Rationalizations of the magnitude and nature of both local anisotropies of single ions and the molecular anisotropy of polynuclear complexes are provided. The synergy and interference effects between local magnetic anisotropies are studied in a series of binuclear complexes.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of polypropylene/conducting fiber composites

Electromagnetic released from the automotive electronic parts is harmful to human body. Electromagnetic interference (EMT) shielding refers to the reflection and/or adsorption of electromagnetic radiation by a material, which thereby acts as a shield against the penetration of the radiation through the shield. Polypropylene (PP)/conductive micro fiber composites containing various fiber contents and fiber length were injection-molded. The effect of fiber content and length on electrical properties of the composites was studied by electrical resistivity and EMT shielding measurements. The through-plane electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity were obtained by measuring dielectric properties. The EMT shielding effectiveness (SE) was investigated by using S-parameter in the range of 100 ~ 1500 MHz. Reflection, absorption and multiple-reflection are the EMT attenuation mechanisms. From the measurement of S-Parameters, the absorption coefficient, reflection coefficient, and the shielding efficiency of the materials were calculated. The EMT SE of PP/conducing fiber composites is 40 dB over a wide frequency range up to 1.5 GHz, which is higher than that of PP/talc composite used automotive parts, viz. 0 dB.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Coherent control of the Goos-Hänchen shift via Fano interference

A scheme of enhanced Goos-Hänchen (GH) shifts in reflected and transmitted light beams is exploited in a cavity, where an asymmetric double AlGaAs/GaAs quantum well structure with resonant tunneling to a common continuum is employed as the intracavity medium. With the help of Fano-type interference induced by resonant tunneling, the generated GH shifts that contain a negative lateral shift in reflected light beam and a positive lateral shift in transmitted light beam are found to be significantly enhanced. More interestingly, these GH shifts in reflected and transmitted light beams are modulated by means of a control beam and external bias voltage, in which maximum negative shift of 1.86 mm and positive shift of 0.37 mm are achievable.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Development of broadband X-ray interference lithography large area exposure system

The single-exposure patterned area is about several 10{sup 2} × 10{sup 2} μm{sup 2} which is mainly decided by the mask area in multi-beam X-ray interference lithography (XIL). The exposure area is difficult to stitch to a larger one because the patterned area is surrounded by 0th diffraction exposure areas. To block the 0th diffraction beams precisely and effectively, a new large area exposure technology is developed in the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility by applying an order-sorting aperture with a new in situ monitoring scheme in the XIL system. The patterned area could be stitched readily up to several square centimeters and even bigger by this technology.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2016

Multiple lobes in the far-field distribution of terahertz quantum-cascade lasers due to self-interference

The far-field distribution of the emission intensity of terahertz (THz) quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) frequently exhibits multiple lobes instead of a single-lobed Gaussian distribution. We show that such multiple lobes can result from self-interference related to the typically large beam divergence of THz QCLs and the presence of an inevitable cryogenic operation environment including optical windows. We develop a quantitative model to reproduce the multiple lobes. We also demonstrate how a single-lobed far-field distribution can be achieved.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

A theory of electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, and electromagnetic interference shielding for lightweight graphene composite foams

This work was driven by the need to understand the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) of light weight, flexible, and high performance graphene composite foams, but as EMI SE of a material depends on its electrical conductivity, dielectric permittivity, and magnetic permeability, the investigation of these three properties also became a priority. In this paper, we first present a continuum theory to determine these three electromagnetic properties, and then use the obtained properties to evaluate the EMI SE of the foam. A two-scale composite model is conceived to evaluate these three properties, with the large one being the skeleton-void composite and the small one being the graphene-polymer composite that serves as the skeleton of the foam. To evaluate the properties of the skeleton, the effective-medium approach is taken as the starting point. Subsequently, the effect of an imperfect interface and the contributions of electron tunneling to the interfacial conductivity and Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars polarization mechanism to the dielectric constant are also implemented. The derived skeleton properties are then utilized on the large scale to determine the three properties of the composite foam at a given porosity. Then a uniform plane electromagnetic wave is considered to evaluate the EMI SE of the foam. It is demonstrated that the electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, and EMI SE of the foam calculated from the developed theory are in general agreement with the reported experimental data of graphene/PDMS composite foams. The theory is further proven to be valid for the EMI SE of solid graphene/epoxy and solid carbon nanotube/epoxy nanocomposites. It is also shown that, among the three electromagnetic properties, electrical conductivity has the strongest influence on the EMI shielding effectiveness.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2013

Nonlinear interference noise in 100-Gbit s{sup -1} communication lines with the DP-QPSK modulation format

The nonlinear interference noise power was measured experimentally as a function of the signal power and the length of the fibre coherent 100-Gbit s{sup -1} communication line, in which chromatic dispersion is not optically compensated. An expression was derived for the optimal signal power corresponding to a maximal excess of the measured optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) over the OSNR required for conditionally error-free operation. The dependence of signal optimal power measured experimentally well agrees with the theoretical formula derived. (optical information transmission)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2013

Cube-corner reflectors with interference dielectric coating

The cube-corner reflectors (CCRs) with a special interference dielectric coating intended for ring retroreflector systems of space vehicles with uniaxial orientation are considered. The diffraction patterns of radiation reflected from the CCRs with different face coatings are studied. It is shown that the choice of the angle between the faces, the size and the coating of CCR faces allow essential variation in the diffraction pattern, thereby providing its optimisation for solving different navigation problems. (nanogradient dielectric coatings and metamaterials)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Quantum interference of biphotons with a Doppler frequency shift

We report a theoretical study of transformation of a biphoton state of light under Bragg diffraction on a travelling sound wave in an acousto-optic modulator (AOM). It is shown that the diffraction of AOM biphotons emitted during the collinear parametric scattering of light leads to a shift of the carrier frequency of a biphoton wave packet, which exceeds twice the Doppler frequency shift for the classical field. A method is proposed for measuring the Doppler frequency shift of a biphoton, which is based on interference between independent biphotons. (quantum interferometry)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Generation of nonuniformly polarised vortex Bessel beams by an interference polariser

A new optical system is proposed for the generation of azimuthally and radially polarised vortex Bessel beams. The system is based on the transformation of conical wavefronts passing through an interference polarisation plate. The polarisation characteristics during the beam formation are controlled by changing the curvature of the wavefront of the beam illuminating a diffractive axicon. Radially and azimuthally polarised vortex Bessel beams are experimentally obtained using a binary phase axicon. (laser beams)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2020

Interference microscopy study of the preplasma formed on an iron target surface exposed to high-power femtosecond laser pulses

The characteristic scale of spread of the plasma formed on the surface of a bulk iron target irradiated by a femtosecond laser pulse with an intensity of 10{sup 16} W cm{sup −2} is measured by time-resolved interference microscopy using femtosecond pulses emitted by a Cr : forsterite laser system with an intensity contrast of 10{sup 7}. The chosen technique is demonstrated to be efficient in such measurements. It is shown experimentally that, as a result of laser pulse impact, the displacement of a plasma layer with a density exceeding critical does not exceed 30 nm. (paper)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2020

Interference effects in the formation of the light bullet spectrum under axicon focusing

Specific features of the anti-Stokes band of the light bullet supercontinuum spectrum under filamentation of 1900-nm femtosecond pulses, focused by an axicon in fused silica and calcium fluoride, have been experimentally, numerically, and analytically investigated. It is found that the formation of two or more light bullets in a filament leads to modulation of spectral components’ intensity. The oscillation period of spectral components, defined as the wavelength interval between adjacent intensity minima, decreases with decreasing their wavelength. On a logarithmic scale, the relative change in the oscillation period in the spectrum is proportional to the spectral component wavelength and is independent of the pulse energy and the position of the light bullet formation region in the filament. It is established that the modulation in the spectrum is due to the interference of the broadband supercontinuum emitted by light bullets, and its period decreases with increasing interval between them. (paper)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2020

Interference effects in the high-order harmonic amplification process in the active medium of a plasma-based X-ray laser modulated by an optical field

We study the process of propagation of high harmonics of optical radiation in an active medium of a plasma-based X-ray laser, simultaneously irradiated by an intense optical field of fundamental frequency. It is shown that for moderate plasma dispersion of the active medium at the frequency of the modulating optical field, the energy and relative amplitudes of the harmonics at the output of the medium are determined by their phases at the entrance to the medium, as well as by the time-delay of the harmonics with respect to the modulating field. These dependences are due to interference of high-order harmonics with a set of multi-frequency fields generated by each of the harmonics in the process of coherent scattering in a modulated active medium. The possibilities of using these effects to increase the efficiency of harmonic amplification, to control the harmonic spectrum, and determine the relative phases at the entrance to the medium are discussed on the example of the active medium of hydrogen-like Li{sup 2+} ions (with a 13.5 nm wavelength of an inverted transition). (paper)

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2010

RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE REMOVAL THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF SPATIAL FILTERING TECHNIQUES ON THE PARKES MULTIBEAM RECEIVER

This paper addresses the first practical application of spatial filtering techniques to data taken with a multibeam receiver. Spatial filters make use of the relative arrival times of a signal at multiple sensors to identify and separate signals from different directions. The method is a consequence of the Karhunen-Loeve theorem and relies on the eigen decomposition of the covariance matrix formed from the multiple signal paths. The effectiveness of the spatial filtering techniques is demonstrated on observations of the Vela pulsar taken with the Parkes 20 cm Multibeam receiver. The experiment was highly successful, and the results show spatial filtering methods provide powerful tools for interference mitigation with an array feed receiver. Extensions of the algorithm to reduce computational requirements and allow application on short (submillisecond) timescales are also explored.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

FORMATION OF MOONLETS IN SATURN'S RINGS: THE ROLE OF THE CONSTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE OF LIN-SHU-TYPE CIRCULAR AND SPIRAL DENSITY WAVES

Localized kilometer-sized propeller features, recently detected in CASSINI images of Saturn's A ring, may be interpreted as signatures of small hundred-meter-sized moonlets embedded within the broad ring. We propose that these moonlets are formed due to the constructive interference of the gravitationally unstable axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric perturbations of the self-gravitating Saturnian ring disk. The hydrodynamical slab model of the disk is studied to determine its instability against low-frequency compression-type, or Lin-Shu-type, oscillations whose propagation vector is perpendicular to the axis of the disk's rotation. The linear instability analysis is performed in the following way. First, we derive the general dispersion relation for the gravity perturbations inside the slab within the standard local short-wavelength approach. Next, we match the solutions to the solutions of the Poisson equation outside the slab to arrive at the particular dispersion relation. The particular dispersion relation describes the development of symmetric Jeans' perturbations which cause density enhancements. From this dispersion relation, the growth rate of Jeans-unstable oscillations developing in the spatially homogeneous slab model is obtained. The dispersion relation shows that perturbations of both types, axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric, are excited simultaneously due to the Jeans' gravitational instability. As a result, circular and spiral patterns develop. We suggest that clumping occurs due to the enhanced density increase at the intersections of the patterns. We also speculate that these clumps further develop into propeller moonlets.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2019

Composite boson signature in the interference pattern of atomic dimer condensates

We predict the existence of high frequency modes in the interference pattern of two condensates made of fermionic-atom dimers. These modes, which result from fermion exchanges between condensates, constitute a striking signature of the dimer composite nature. From the 2-coboson spatial correlation function, that we derive analytically, and the Shiva diagrams that visualize many-body effects specific to composite bosons, we identify the physical origin of these high frequency modes and determine the conditions to see them experimentally by using bound fermionic-atom pairs trapped on optical lattice sites. The dimer granularity which appears in these modes comes from Pauli blocking that prevents two dimers to be located at the same lattice site.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Printing of electromagnetic interference shielding materials

Here, the proliferation of electronic devices has made electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding an exponentially growing business. Regulatory requirements change constantly as new technologies continue to emerge. Innovations in materials and new advances in shielding implementation techniques are needed to pass regulatory compliance tests at an affordable cost. Here, we print various EMI shielding materials such as copper, silver and a composite of copper with Fe 3 O 4 using plasma jet printing. Printing enables shields only a few microns thick capable of high shielding effectiveness. Copper's EMI shielding performance is primarily contributed by reflection mechanism, as expected and this is known to cause secondary pollution. A Green Index for EMI shielding, given by the ratio of absorption and reflection contributions to shielding, indicates values lower than 0.1 for printed copper films.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2010

Constructive and destructive interferences of Stark resonances induced by an ac field in atomic hydrogen

We study theoretically the problem of a hydrogen atom exposed both to a static dc field and to a monochromatic ac field. We show that, in the presence of an ac field, a constructive (or destructive) interference occurs between the excited (Rydberg) Stark resonance states and the hydrogenic ground state. This mechanism is responsible for dramatic enhancement (or suppression) of the corresponding photoionization rates.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗