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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 343 records · Page 19
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

{eta} and {eta}' photoproduction

Recent high precision data of {eta} and {eta}' photoproduction in free and quasi-free processes are analyzed within an effective Lagrangian approach. Gauge invariance of the resulting amplitude is fully satisfied via the introduction of a generalized contact current that accounts for the effects of the final-state interaction. Moreover, the recently discovered enhancement of the {eta} photoproduction yield on the quasi-free neutron compared to that on the quasi-free proton at energies around {radical}(s){approx_equal}1.67 GeV is also analyzed within an SU(3) coupled-channel chiral unitary approach. Additional possibilities how to disentangle the possible scenarios for the origin of this enhancement are presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

The Determination of Pseudoscalar Meson Photoproduction Amplitudes from Complete Experiments

A new generation of complete experiments is currently underway with the goal of performing a high precision extraction of pseudoscalar meson photo-production amplitudes. Here we review the most general analytic form of the cross section, dependent upon the three polarization vectors of the beam, target and recoil baryon, including all single, double and triple-polarization terms involving 16 spin-dependent observables. Analytic expressions that determine the recoil baryon polarization are also presented. Different conventions are in use in the literature and we have used a numerical calculation of cross sections from Chew-Goldberger-Low-Nambu amplitudes with arbitrary spin projections to clarify apparent sign differences. As an illustration of the use of this machinery, we carry out a multipole analysis of the {gamma}p {yields} K{sup +}{Lambda} reaction and examine the impact of recently published polarization measurements. In fitting multipoles, we use a combined Monte Carlo sampling of the amplitude space, with gradient minimization, and find a shallow {chi}{sup 2} valley pitted with a very large number of local minima, despite the inclusion of recent data on 8 different observables. We conclude that, while a mathematical solution to the problem of determining an amplitude free of ambiguities may require 8 observables, as has been pointed out in the literature, experiments with realistically achievable uncertainties will require a significantly larger number.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

K*{sup +} Photoproduction at CLAS

The study of hyperon resonances has entered a new era of precision with advent of high-statistics photoproduction data from the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab and elsewhere. These data have multi-particle final states, allowing clean identification of exclusive reactions associated with strange mesons and baryons. In this paper, cross sections for K* photoproduction are presented that will provide a future test of the existence of the purported K{sub 0}(800) meson via comparison with theoretical models.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Photoproduction of the rho meson and its magnetic moments

We study photoproduction of {rho} meson in a model of hidden local symmetry. We introduce the {rho} meson on a hidden gauge boson and phenomenological {rho} meson-nucleon Lagrangian is constructed respecting chiral symmetry. It turns out that the {sigma}-exchange interaction plays an important role in neutral {rho} meson photoproduction to reproduce the experimental cross sections. In charged {rho} meson photoproduction, the model takes into account the {rho} meson magnetic moments from the three-point vertex in the kinetic terms. We show that the magnetic moment of the charged {rho} meson has a significant effect on the total cross sections in proportion to the photon energies.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Tensor meson contribution to {gamma}p {yields} K{sup +}{Lambda}({Sigma};{sup 0}) at high energies

The role of the tensor meson K{sub 2}*(1430) exchange is investigated in the kaon photoproduction within the Regge framework. Inclusion of the K{sub 2}* exchange with the meson-baryon coupling constants chosen from the SU(3) symmetry reproduces the cross sections in good agreement with the experimental data. This shows the importance of the tensor meson exchange in the present process.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

CONSTRAINT ON THE PARAMETERS OF THE INVERSE COMPTON SCATTERING MODEL FOR RADIO PULSARS

The inverse Compton scattering (ICS) model can explain various pulse profile shapes and the diversity of the pulse profile evolution based on the mechanism where the radio emission is generated through ICS between secondary relativistic particles and radio waves from polar gap avalanches. In this paper, we study the parameter space of the ICS model for 15 pulsars that share the common pulse profile evolution phenomenon, where the pulse profiles are narrower at higher observing frequencies. Two key parameters, the initial Lorentz factor and the energy loss factor of secondary particles, are constrained using the least-squares fitting method, where we fit the theoretical curve of the 'beam-frequency mapping' of the ICS model to the observed pulse widths at multiple frequencies. The uncertainty of the inclination and viewing angles are taken into account in the fitting process. It is found that the initial Lorentz factor is larger than 4000, and the energy loss factor is between 20 and 560. The Lorentz factor is consistent with the prediction of the inner vacuum gap model. Such high-energy loss factors suggest significant energy loss for secondary particles at altitudes of a few tens to hundreds of kilometers.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2011

Model-independent determination of the axial mass parameter in quasielastic neutrino-nucleon scattering

Quasielastic neutrino-nucleon scattering is a basic signal process for neutrino oscillation studies. At accelerator energies, the corresponding cross section is subject to significant uncertainty due to the poorly constrained axial-vector form factor of the nucleon. A model-independent description of the axial-vector form factor is presented. Data from the MiniBooNE experiment for quasielastic neutrino scattering on {sup 12}C are analyzed under the assumption of a definite nuclear model. The value of the axial mass parameter, m{sub A}=0.85{sub -0.07}{sup +0.22}{+-}0.09 GeV, is found to differ significantly from extractions based on traditional form factor models. Implications for future neutrino scattering and pion electroproduction measurements are discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Generation and regulation of electromagnetic pulses induced by hybrid laser pulses interacting with solid targets

In inertial confinement fusion, electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) can be produced during high-power laser interacting with solid targets, which are intimately related to laser intensity and laser energy. In this study, EMPs generated by hybrid laser pulses coupling with targets are recorded and analyzed. The results indicate that a single picosecond laser gives birth to the most intense EMPs, but they are remarkably suppressed when a nanosecond laser-shooting target is triggered before the picosecond and femtosecond laser. One possible hypothesis is proposed based on x-rays inducing pre-ablation that generates pre-plasma at the surfaces of the picosecond target and femtosecond target, leading to a sharp drop both in the energy and number of the emitting hot electrons and protons. Here, the findings will deepen our understanding of the mechanism of EMPs' generation and will also open a new avenue to regulate EMPs by hybrid laser pulses.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Superscaling in electron-nucleus scattering and its link to CC and NC QE neutrino-nucleus scattering

The superscaling approach (SuSA) to neutrino-nucleus scattering, based on the assumed universality of the scaling function for electromagnetic and weak interactions, is reviewed. The predictions of the SuSA model for bot CC and NC differential and total cross sections are presented and compared with the MiniBooNE data. The role of scaling violations, in particular the contribution of meson exchange currents in the two-particle two-hole sector, is explored.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Striking behavior of photoneutron cross sections for {sup 90}Zr near threshold

Photoneutron cross sections for {sup 90}Zr near neutron threshold were examined with a photon difference technique using laser Compton scattering {gamma}-ray beams. The cross section decreasing in the vicinity of neutron threshold exhibited a steep rise within 150 keV above the threshold. We draw attention to a possible relation of this striking behavior to the 3P valence neutron resonance known in neutron capture in the mass region A{approx_equal}90.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

What did we learn about GPDs from hard exclusive electroproduction of mesons

It is reported on an analysis of electroproduction of light mesons at small Bjorken-x (x{sup Bj}) within the handbag approach. The partonic subprocesses, meson electroproduction off quarks or gluons, are calculated within the modified per-turbative approach (m.p.a.) in which quark transverse momenta are retained. The soft hadronic matrix elements, generalized parton distributions (GPDs), are constructed by means of double distributions. The constraints from parton distributions and sum rules are taken into account. Various moments of these GPDs are compared to recent results from lattice gauge theories.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

The energy dependence of the pp {yields} K{sup +}n{Sigma}{sup +} reaction

The energy dependence of the total cross section for the pp {yields} K{sup +}n{Sigma}{sup +} reaction has been investigated at the magnetic spectrometer COSY-ANKE. Signals from the production of the {Sigma}{sup +} hyperon were searched for in three simultaneously measured spectra. The values obtained for the total production cross section {sigma}({Sigma}{sup +}) are slightly below those of {sigma}({Sigma}{sup 0}) at the same excess energies. They follow a phase space dependence and do not show any evidence for strong threshold effects or a significant n{Sigma}{sup +} final state interaction.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Exclusive {pi}{sup 0},{eta} electroproduction in the resonance region at high Q{sup 2}

We present preliminary results from {pi}{sup 0} and {eta} electroproduction data taken with CLAS at Jefferson Lab. These and other CLAS measurements, coupled with recent theoretical developments, will allow non-perturbative approaches to shed lights on the role of quarks and gluons in nuclei and address issues such as confinement and the non-zero quark mass in the chiral limit.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Backward-meson photoproduction at SPring-8/LEPS

Photoproductions of {pi}{sup 0} and {eta} mesons from protons were measured at backward angles. Bump structures were observed in both reaction, and a strong angular distribution of photon asymmetries was found in {pi}{sup 0} production. These structures are discussed connecting with baryon resonances.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Self-consistent interaction of linear gravitational and electromagnetic waves in non-magnetized plasma

Here, this paper explores the hybridization of linear metric perturbations with linear electromagnetic (EM) perturbations in non-magnetized plasma for a general background metric. The local wave properties are derived from first principles for inhomogeneous plasma, without assuming any symmetries of the background metric. First, we derive the effective (“oscillation-center”) Hamiltonian that governs the average dynamics of plasma particles in a prescribed quasimonochromatic wave that involves metric perturbations and EM fields simultaneously. Then, using this Hamiltonian, we derive the backreaction of plasma particles on the wave itself and obtain gauge-invariant equations that describe the resulting self-consistent gravito-electromagnetic (GEM) waves in a plasma. The transverse tensor modes of gravitational waves are found to have no interaction with the plasma and the EM modes in the geometrical-optics limit. However, for $longitudinal$ GEM modes with large values of the refraction index, the interplay between gravitational and EM interactions in plasma can have a strong effect. In particular, the dispersion relation of the Jeans mode is significantly affected by electrostatic interactions. As a spin-off, our calculation also provides an alternative resolution of the so-called Jeans swindle.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Simultaneous Observation of Two Isolated Proton Auroras at Subauroral Latitudes by a Highly Sensitive All-Sky Camera and Van Allen Probes

Isolated proton auroras (IPAs) appearing at subauroral latitudes are generated by energetic protons precipitating from the magnetosphere through interaction with electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. An IPA thus indicates the spatial scale and temporal variation of wave-particle interactions in the magnetosphere. In this study, a unique event of simultaneous ground and magnetospheric satellite observations of two IPAs were conducted on March 16, 2015, using an all-sky imager at Athabasca, Canada and Van Allen Probes. The Van Allen Probes observed two isolated EMIC waves with frequencies of ~1 and 0.4 Hz at L ≈ 5.0 when the satellite footprint crossed over the two IPAs. This suggests that the IPAs were caused by localized EMIC waves. Proton flux at 5–20 keV increased locally when the EMIC waves appeared. Electron flux at energies below ~500 eV also increased. Temperature anisotropy of the energetic protons was estimated at 1.5–2.5 over a wide L-value range of 3.0–5.2. Electron density gradually decreased from L = 3.5 to 5.4, suggesting that the EMIC wave at L ≈ 5.0 was located in the gradual plasmapause. From these observations, we conclude that the localized IPAs and associated EMIC waves took place because of localized enhancement of energetic proton flux and plasma density structure near the plasmapause. Furthermore, the magnetic field observed by the satellite showed small variation during the wave observation, indicating that the IPAs were accompanied by the weak field-aligned current.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Physical Behavior of Quantum Metamaterials (Final Report)

We are on the cusp of creating artificial quantum matter through engineered structures that mimic natural atoms and create new electronic and electromagnetic behavior not observed in nature. My objective is to explore new quantum states of matter through creation of engineered quantum meta-atoms and their arrangement into structures that create qualitatively new types of quantum coherent behavior, especially in terms of their interaction with electromagnetic fields. The technical approach involves assembly of superconducting quantum devices that are nominally identical and strongly interacting with each other, and with a bath of microwave photons, and measuring their emergent behavior through their electromagnetic response. The results will give fundamental insights into the nature of condensed matter and specific outcomes include investigation of proposed but un-realized states of matter, emergent quantum phenomena, and controlled super-radiant behavior.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗