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At least 343 records · Page 19
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

A creep-resistant additively manufactured Al-Ce-Ni-Mn alloy

Existing additively manufactured aluminum alloys exhibit poor creep resistance due to coarsening of their strengthening phases and refined grain structures. In this paper, we report on a novel additively manufactured Al-10.5Ce-3.1Ni-1.2Mn wt.% alloy which displays excellent creep resistance relative to cast high-temperature aluminum alloys at 300–400 °C. In this work, the creep resistance of this alloy is attributed to a high volume fraction (~35%) of submicron intermetallic strengthening phases which are coarsening-resistant for hundreds of hours at 350 °C. The results herein demonstrate that additive manufacturing provides opportunities for development of creep-resistant aluminum alloys that may be used in bulk form in the 250–400 °C temperature range. Pathways for further development of such alloys are identified.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Microstructural evolutions, phase transformations and hard magnetic properties in polycrystalline Ce–Co–Fe–Cu alloys

This work focuses on systematic studies of Ce–Co based 1:5 permanent magnet alloys of CeCo 4.4-x Fe x Cu 0.6 and CeCo 3.9-x Fe x Cu 1.2 (x = 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.8) by varying Co:Fe. The overarching aim of this manuscript is to elucidate the hard-magnetic properties through a better understanding of phase formation by the structural, microstructural, and magnetic properties in these materials. Improved mutual solubility of Fe in the 1:5 phase has been observed with an extended homogeneity range by Cu substitution. For both composition series, Fe contents of x ≤ 0.6 show a homogeneous microstructure with a single 1:5 phase and good magnetic properties. The composition region 0.6 < x ≤ 0.9 appears to be near the boundary of solubility and evolution of other phases. At x = 1.8, it is found that the homogeneous 1:5 phase and magnetic hardness deteriorated due to the evolution of secondary phases such as 2:17, 2:7, and Fe–Co. Furthermore, the addition of Fe improved both the magnetization and Curie temperature via increased effective exchange interactions, while an increase in Cu content enhanced coercivity.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2022

High‐Performance and Durable Fuel Cells using Co/Sr‐Free Fluorite‐Based Mixed Conducting (Pr,Ce)O 2‐δ Cathode

Abstract A major challenge to overcome in demonstrating solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) to be suitable as efficient and environmentally friendly energy conversion devices capable of addressing pressing clean energy and environmental needs is to surmount chemical and thermo‐mechanical instabilities in their operational phase. To date, perovskite‐based mixed conducting cathodes, which include inherent Co and Sr elements for enhanced reactivity and conductivity, have been intensively studied. These Co/Sr‐based oxides, however, exhibit severe thermochemical expansion and suffer from Sr surface segregation, ultimately degrading the electrode performance. Here, high‐performance and durable SOFCs are demonstrated by employing a Co/Sr‐free fluorite‐based mixed conducting (Pr,Ce)O 2‐δ (PCO) cathode eminently compatible with fluorite‐based solid electrolytes. The nanocolumnar PCO electrode developed in this study provides not only a remarkable low level of electrode resistance (e.g., ≈0.05 Ω cm 2 at 600 °C) but also exceptional long‐term stability (e.g., a degradation rate 15 times slower compared to the state‐of‐the‐art La 0.6 Sr 0.4 CoO 3‐δ perovskite). The competitive peak power densities of an anode‐supported single cell with the PCO cathode are also successively achieved, recording a value of 0.92 W cm −2 at 600 °C. These findings herald the development of new Co/Sr‐free electrodes for SOFCs at intermediate temperatures.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Microstructure and properties of a high temperature Al–Ce–Mn alloy produced by additive manufacturing

An Al–10Ce-8Mn (wt%) alloy was designed and fabricated by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (AM). The rapid cooling rates of the AM process produced a refined microstructure with a large fraction of reinforcing intermetallic phases. The tensile properties of the alloy were characterized in the as-fabricated state and following thermal exposure. The properties of the as-fabricated microstructure showed exceptional high-temperature performance and strength retention at elevated temperatures up to 400 °C relative to benchmark wrought Al and AM Al alloy properties. Characterization of the microstructure and thermodynamic modeling of the ternary Al–Ce–Mn system rationalized the solidification and solid-state phase transformations. Finally, analysis of the relevant strengthening mechanisms for both the as-fabricated and thermally exposed conditions was performed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

An additively manufactured near-eutectic Al-Ce-Ni-Mn-Zr alloy with high creep resistance

A new additively manufactured (AM) Al-7.5Ce-4.5Ni-0.4Mn-0.7Zr (wt.%) near-eutectic alloy is reported, which shows unprecedented creep resistance up to 400 °C (a homologous temperature of 0.72). The eutectic solidification microstructure comprises ~ 27 vol% of coarsening-resistant second phase network with an ultrafine (<100 nm) inter-phase spacing. Both Mn and Zr contribute to creep resistance of the alloy. Small amount of Mn addition promotes selection of coarsening resistant phases without compromising the alloy processability. Zr not only improves hot-tearing resistance, but further enhances the second phase coarsening resistance resulting in improved creep resistance. Neutron diffraction performed during creep deformation reveals that the underlying mechanism for creep resistance in this alloy is impedance to dislocation motion stemming from the ultrafine eutectic solidification microstructure, whereas load transfer strengthening becomes less effective as the creep temperature increases. The second phase forms a continuous network in the as-fabricated condition, which is maintained during long-term creep at 300 °C. However, this network is fragmented into fine dispersoids at higher temperatures. It is proposed that the rate-limiting deformation mechanism at 300–400 °C is (i) dislocation climb for the alloy with fragmented second phase dispersoids and (ii) Orowan looping for the alloy with a continuous second phase network. In conclusion, the present design of an AM-processable multicomponent eutectic alloy with high creep resistance can be applied to other metallic systems exhibiting eutectic reactions, with expected extreme creep resistance.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Influence of microstructural heterogeneities on small-scale mechanical properties of an additively manufactured Al-Ce-Ni-Mn alloy

Laser powder bed fusion-based additive manufacturing (AM) is a promising method to fabricate creep-resistant Al-rare earth alloys (Al-Ce-Ni-Mn) with stable microstructures at up to 400°C. However, creep testing of these alloys at high temperatures shows that void coalescence and failure initiation occurs along the melt pool boundaries in the microstructure. Hence it is crucial to understand how the local mechanical behavior of the melt pool boundaries would influence the global properties of the AM produced alloy. In this study, in situ nanoindentation conducted at room temperature and 300°C revealed a reduced hardness at the melt pool boundaries. Similarly, micro-pillar compression showed a slight decline in yield strength at these boundaries, indicating that they are the weak spots in the microstructure. Such multimodal local mechanical property studies are necessary for understanding the influence of melt pool boundaries on the bulk response of fusion-based AM alloys.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Creep ductility limiting mechanisms in an additively manufactured Al-Ce-Ni-Mn-Zr alloy

Tensile creep response and cavitation damage evolution in an additively manufactured Al-7.5Ce-4.5Ni-0.4Mn-0.7Zr (wt%) alloy with peak-aging and overaging treatments were investigated in the 300–400 ºC range. Microstructural heterogeneity and its response to heat treatment and subsequent creep deformation were studied to understand the interplay between cavity formation, creep lifetime and ductility. Increasing the applied stress activated the nucleation of more cavities, an experimental observation that is well described using the vacancy accumulation model. Cavities nucleated prematurely due to localized plasticity in the denuded zones that formed at/near melt-pool or grain boundaries. Microstructure/deformation heterogeneity with consequent evolution of stress triaxiality, especially at lower stresses, causes accelerated cavitation, thus producing low creep ductility (∼ 0.2–2.4 %), compared to (∼12–21 %) ductility of the alloy measured by regular tensile tests at equivalent temperatures. A constrained diffusional cavity growth mechanism with continuous cavity nucleation during creep is established as the dominant mechanism, implying that cavitation involves vacancy diffusion, yet its growth rate is dictated by the minimum creep rate. In conclusion, the ductility-limiting creep and cavitation mechanisms discussed here provide new insight into the creep behavior of 3D-printed metallic alloys.

Additive manufacturing↗
DOE OSTI2022

Neutron vibrational spectroscopic evidence for short H∙∙∙H contacts in the RNiInH 1.4; 1.6 (R = Ce, La) metal hydride

Intermetallic metal hydrides are critical materials for hydrogen storage applications, however, metal hydrides with greater storage capacities are still needed. Within metal hydrides, the volumetric storage capacities are limited by the number of hydrogen-accommodating interstitial sites which can be simultaneously occupied given a minimum hydride nearest-neighbor distance of ~2.1 A, according to the Switendick-Westlake criterion. To date, violations of this criterion are rare. Perhaps the most well studied compounds violating this criterion are the RNiInHx compounds (R = Ce, La, Nd). Previous neutron diffraction studies on the deuterated species revealed the presence of Ni-D∙∙∙D-Ni-D∙∙∙D-Ni chains with anomalously close D∙∙∙D contacts of ~1.6 A. Yet there are no neutron vibrational spectroscopic investigations reported for these atypical hydrides. Here we use neutron vibrational spectroscopy (NVS) measurements to probe the hydrogen dynamics in LaNiInHx (x = 0.67, 1.6) and CeNiInH 1.4 . For x > 0.67, the presence of close H...H contacts yields two related features in the vibrational spectrum centered near ~90 meV corresponding to the oscillations of paired H atoms simultaneously occupying neighboring R 3 Ni tetrahedra. Notably, these features are energetically distinct from comparable vibrational motions for "unpaired" H atoms when x = 0.67. To compare, we also present powder neutron diffraction and NVS measurements for the newly characterized, chemically similar Sn compounds CeNiSnH, CeNiSnH 2 , and CeNiSnD 2 . These compounds also contain R 3 Ni tetrahedra, however, the H-occupied tetrahedra are well separated from each other with the closest H∙∙∙H distances exceeding 2.1 A, and the Switendick-Westlake criterion is not violated. Consequently, the spectral signature of the close H∙∙∙H contacts is absent in these hydrides.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2020

Constitutive behavior and processing maps of a new wrought magnesium alloy ZE20 (Mg-2Zn-0.2Ce)

ZE20 (Mg-2Zn-0.2Ce) 2 is a new wrought magnesium alloy with improved extrudability and mechanical properties [1]. To understand the constitutive behavior and workability of this new alloy, Gleeble thermomechanical testing has been carried out in this study. The flow stress behavior of ZE20 was investigated between 250 °C–450 °C and 10 –3 s –1 –1.0 s –1 in isothermal compression. Constitutive descriptions of the flow stress are provided. A new general approach at application of the extended Ludwik equation is demonstrated and was found to be more accurate than the hyperbolic sine Arrhenius model while having a similar number of model constants. Processing maps were developed based on the experimental results and are verified with microstructural investigation. A region of safe processing with non-basal texture and high activity of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) was found between 375 °C and 450 °C, from 10 –1 s –1 to 10–2.5 s –1 . A region of potentially safe processing with annealing that is associated with shear band nucleation of non-basal grains was identified for temperatures as low as 300 °C and rates as high as 10 –1 s –1 .

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Carbon dioxide reduction in solid oxide electrolyzer cells using transition metals infiltrated into Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 1.95 (GDC10) scaffolds

Here, this study reports the catalytic activity of transition metal electrocatalysts (Co, Ni, and Cu) incorporated into Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 1.95 (GDC10) cathodes for the electroreduction of CO 2 in solid oxide electrolyzer cells (SOECs). CO 2 electroreduction performance of cells having porous and non-infiltrated GDC10 cathodes was compared with the performance of cells containing transition metal electrocatalysts infiltrated into porous GDC10 cathodes at 750, 800, and 850°C. Results showed that cells with Co infiltrated cathodes had the best catalytic activity towards CO 2 electroreduction. Furthermore, these cells displayed good stability towards CO electroreduction, having a faradaic efficiency value close to 100% with insignificant voltage increase when tested for 48h at 750 and 850°C under the current densities of 0.2, and 0.4Acm -2 , respectively.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Role of phosphorus impurities in decomposition of La 2 NiO 4 –La 0.5 Ce 0.5 O 2-δ oxygen electrode in a solid oxide electrolysis cell

This study explored the decomposition mechanism of a La 2 NiO 4 (LNO) phase in the La 2 NiO 4 –La 0.5 Ce 0.5 O 2-δ (LNO-LDC) oxygen electrode in a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) after testing at 800 °C. Scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy examinations of the LNO-LDC oxygen electrode before and after testing were undertaken. Other than phosphorus contamination in the form of P-rich grains and P-rich deposits along all grain boundaries (GBs), LNO and LDC phases were intact without degradation in the as-fabricated electrode. However, mild to aggressive LNO phase decomposition triggered by the phosphorus poisoned GBs was observed after testing at 800 °C for 900 h. The evolution of the LNO phase decomposition was noted beginning with the exsolution of Ni into the surrounding LNO matrix and GBs, forming La-rich and Ni-rich phases correspondingly, in the LNO. Importantly, this study illustrates a detailed decomposition progress of the LNO phase at the atomic level under an SOEC operation condition, and sheds light on how to ameliorate the fabrication process of SOECs to enhance their performance and durability.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2021

On the exceptionally high ductility of Mg–2Zn-0.3Ca-0.2Ce-0.1Mn alloy

A newly developed Mg–2Zn-0.3Ca-0.2Ce-0.1Mn (in weight %, ZXEM2000) wrought alloy exhibits an exceptionally high tensile ductility (29% ± 1.4% tensile elongation) along the rolling direction at room temperature. In this work, we investigated the fundamental plastic deformation mechanisms that can contribute to the high ductility of ZXEM2000. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were carried out at selected strain levels to characterize the microstructural evolution. Compared with the deformed microstructures from the hot-rolled pure Mg and Mg–3Al–1Zn alloy at similar conditions, our results revealed that the high ductility of ZXEM2000 could be attributed to four key factors: weaker texture, fine grain size, reduced twinning, and increased cross-slip frequency of < c +a > dislocation. Furthermore, these direct observations offer a key insight into improving ductility of magnesium alloys for future alloy design and development.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Qualifying LaBr3:Ce+Sr detector performance for the Mu2e experiment at Fermilab Using the ELBE Accelerator

A LaBr3:Ce+Sr detector will be used to measure the stopped muon captures at the Mu2e experiment at Fermilab. It has been benchmarked in a test beam experiment performed at the ELBE electron accelerator located at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany. ELBE’s pulsed bremsstrahlung beam line was set to deliver an average γ -ray energy of between 4–5 MeV. The detector response was mapped to match Mu2e beam conditions, including rates up to 1 Mcps, energy flux, and time structure. A radioactive calibration source was used to mimic the characteristic 1808.7 keV γ -ray, emitted during the atomic muon nuclear capture in the Mu2e aluminum stopping target. The detector energy resolution was measured as a function of the average energy flux: up to 1 TeV/s for 0.34 s, the steady-operation beam-on time and up to 4 TeV/s for 5 ms to get a conservative estimate of the effect of high intensity Mu2e beam fluctuations. The PMT gain variation as a function of the beam spill length and average intensity has been parametrized and corrected for. When a PMT gain correction corresponding to the average beam-spill intensity is applied, the residual effect of beam intensity fluctuations around the average degrades the energy resolution, σ E γ /E γ , at 1808.7 keV from 0.66% to 0.83%.

Huang, Shihua [Purdue U., West Lafayette]↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Role of Water and Hydroxyl Groups in the Structures of Stetindite and Coffinite, MSiO 4 (M = Ce, U)

Orthosilicates adopt the zircon structure types ( I 4 1 /amd ), consisting of isolated SiO 4 tetrahedra joined by A-site metal cations, such as Ce and U. They are of significant interest in the fields of geochemistry, mineralogy, nuclear waste form development, and material science. Stetindite (CeSiO 4 ) and coffinite (USiO 4 ) can be formed under hydrothermal conditions despite both being thermodynamically metastable. Water has been hypothesized to play a significant role in stabilizing and forming these orthosilicate phases, though little experimental evidence exists. To understand the effects of hydration or hydroxylation on these orthosilicates, in situ high-temperature synchrotron and laboratory-based X-ray diffraction was conducted from 25 to ~850 °C. Stetindite maintains its I 4 1 /amd symmetry with increasing temperature but exhibits a discontinuous expansion along the a- axis during heating, presumably due to the removal of water confined in the [001] channels, which shrink against thermal expansion along the a -axis. Furthermore, additional in situ high-temperature Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy also confirmed the presence of the confined water. Coffinite was also found to expand nonlinearly up to 600 °C and then thermally decompose into a mixture of UO 2 and SiO 2 . A combination of dehydration and dehydroxylation is proposed for explaining the thermal behavior of coffinite synthesized hydrothermally. Additionally, we investigated high-temperature structures of two coffinite-thorite solid solutions, uranothorite (U x Th 1– x SiO 4 ), which displayed complex variations in composition during heating that was attributed to the negative enthalpy of mixing. Lastly, for the first time, the coefficients of thermal expansion of CeSiO 4 , USiO 4 , U 0.46 Th 0.54 SiO 4 , and U 0.9 Th 0.1 SiO 4 were determined to be α V = 14.49 × 10 –6 , 14.29 × 10 –6 , 17.21 × 10 –6 , and 17.23 × 10 –6 °C –1 , respectively.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Flux-Assisted Boron Chalcogen Mixture (BCM) Method for Synthesizing Mixed Chalcogenide Semiconductors (AkRE 2 Si 2 Se x S 8– x and CaRE 2 Si 2 Se 8 ) ( Ak = Ca and Sr; RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm): Investigation of Their Magnetic and Optical Properties

We report a detailed structural analysis of a series of ten quaternary rare-earth-containing seleno-thiosilicates AkRE 2 Si 2 Se x S 8-x and selenosilicates, CaRE 2 Si 2 Se 8 (Ak = Ca and Sr; RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm). Single crystals were obtained by using the flux-assisted boron chalcogen mixture (BCM) method and single crystal X-ray diffraction was used to determine their structures. All members of the AkRE 2 Si 2 Se x S 8-x and CaRE 2 Si 2 Se 8 series crystallize in the space group R$\bar{3}$c (space group number 167) of the trigonal crystal system. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a strong preference for Se/S atoms to occupy one vs. the other of the two available sites. Polycrystalline samples were used for magnetic susceptibility and UV–visible diffuse reflectance measurements. Magnetic measurements show that CaCe₂Si₂Se₁.₇₃S₆.₂₇ and CaNd₂Si₂Se₂.₅S₅.₅ are paramagnetic with negative Weiss constants (θ = –60.1 and –26.2). Diffuse reflectance analysis gives optical band gaps of 2.7(1) eV (CaLa₂Si₂Se₂.₃₈S₅.₆₂), 2.2(1) eV (CaCe₂Si₂Se₁.₇₃S₆.₂₇), 2.5(1) eV (CaNd₂Si₂Se₂.₅S₅.₅), and 2.0(1) eV (CaCe₂Si₂Se₈), consistent with density functional theory calculations. By partially or fully replacing S sites with Se it was possible to achieve band gap tuning. Photoluminescence behavior was also investigated for CaCe 2 Si 2 Se 1.73 S 6.27 via irradiation with 375 nm ultraviolet light.

BCM method↗
DOE OSTI2020

Nano-Ceramic Cathodes via Co-sputtering of Gd–Ce Alloy and Lanthanum Strontium Cobaltite for Low-Temperature Thin-Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

We report the electrochemical performance and structural characteristics of porous nanostructured ceramic cathodes for thin-film solid oxide fuel cells (TF-SOFCs) based on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes. The nanostructured cathode is obtained through magnetron co-sputtering of gadolinium–cerium (Gd–Ce) alloy and lanthanum strontium cobaltite perovskite targets. The resultant nanostructure and composition of the ceramic cathode are controlled by adjusting the co-sputtering conditions. The peak power densities in our fabricated TF-SOFCs are the highest reported values for YSZ-based electrolyte SOFCs, showing 0.14, 0.48, 1.21, 2.56, and 3.01 W/cm2 at 450, 500, 550, 600, and 650 °C, respectively, operating under air and pure hydrogen fuel. The results show that the porosity and composition of the cathode greatly affect the resulting peak power densities. This work illustrates the capability of sputtering to produce stable, scalable, nano-ceramic cathodes with superb peak power densities when integrated in TF-SOFCs.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Stability Frontiers in the AM 6 X 6 Kagome Metals: The Ln Nb 6 Sn 6 ( Ln :Ce–Lu,Y) Family and Density-Wave Transition in LuNb 6 Sn 6

The kagome motif is a versatile platform for condensed matter physics, hosting rich interactions between magnetic, electronic, and structural degrees of freedom. In recent years, the discovery of a charge density wave (CDW) in the AV 3 Sb 5 superconductors and structurally-derived bond density waves (BDW) in FeGe and ScV 6 Sn 6 have stoked the search for new kagome platforms broadly exhibiting density wave (DW) transitions. Here, in this work, we evaluate the known AM 6 X 6 chemistries and construct a stability diagram that summarizes the structural relationships among the >125 member family. Subsequently, we introduce our discovery of the broader LnNb 6 Sn 6 (Ln:Ce–Nd,Sm,Gd–Tm,Lu,Y) family of kagome metals and an analogous DW transition in LuNb 6 Sn 6 . Our X-ray scattering measurements clearly indicate a (1/3, 1/3, 1/3) ordering wave vector (√$\bar{3}$ x √$\bar{3}$ x $3$ superlattice) and diffuse scattering on half-integer L-planes. Our analysis of the structural data supports the “rattling mode” DW model proposed for ScV 6 Sn 6 and paints a detailed picture of the steric interactions between the rare-earth filler element and the host Nb–Sn kagome scaffolding. We also provide a broad survey of the magnetic properties within the HfFe 6 Ge 6 -type LnNb 6 Sn 6 members, revealing a number of complex antiferromagnetic and metamagnetic transitions throughout the family. This work integrates our new LnNb 6 Sn 6 series of compounds into the broader AM 6 X 6 family, providing new material platforms and forging a new route forward at the frontier of kagome metal research.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2026

Synergistic Doping and Stabilization of Magnetically Tunable LnTi3(Sb,Sn)4 (Ln: Ce–Gd) Kagome Metals

Here, we present our synthesis and characterization of the LnTi3(Sb,Sn)4 (Ln: Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd) family of cleavable kagome metals. While these materials are isostructural to the LnTi3Bi4 family, they only form as (Sb,Sn) solid-solutions with no corresponding LnTi3Sb4 or LnTi3Sn4 phases. We use a combination of first-principles density functional theory (DFT) and crystal orbital Hamilton population (COHP) calculations to show that (Sb,Sn) alloying has a stabilizing effect on the structure by adjusting the Fermi level, filling bonding states, depopulating antibonding states, and adjusting the density of states (DOS) toward local minima, an effect we call “synergistic doping.” Through a detailed characterization of the SmTi3(Sb,Sn)4 series, we further demonstrate that the tunable Fermi level has a profound effect on the physical properties. We observe multiple magnetic phases that stem from a competition between antiferromagnetic (AFM) and ferromagnetic-like (FM) ground states. Furthermore, the (Sb,Sn) ratio allows us to tune from direct AFM-FM competition toward a complex admixture with properties reminiscent of the recently discovered TbTi3Bi4. Ultimately, our work demonstrates how the concept of synergistic doping provides a means to stabilize new structures while developing systems with intrinsically tunable chemical, magnetic, and electronic properties.

Ortiz, Brenden [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000213337003)↗