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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 343 records · Page 19

Measurement of W±-boson differential cross-sections in proton–proton collisions with low pile-up data at s=5.02 TeV and 13TeV with the ATLAS detector

High precision single-differential W±$$W^\pm $$-boson production cross-sections as a function of electron or muon transverse momentum pT$$p_\textrm{T}$$ or their pseudorapity η$$\eta $$, as well as double-differential cross-sections as functions of these variables, are measured in proton–proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies s=5.02$$\sqrt{s}=5.02$$ TeV and 13 TeV. The W-boson charge asymmetry as a function of lepton η$$\eta $$ is also measured. The data, collected in dedicated runs at reduced instantaneous luminosity with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, correspond to integrated luminosities of 255 pb-1$$^{-1}$$ at 5.02 TeV and 338 pb-1$$^{-1}$$ at 13 TeV. The measurements are in agreement with Standard-Model predictions calculated at next-to-next-to-leading-order in the strong coupling constant αs$$\alpha _s$$ including transverse-momentum resummation at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy using several parton distribution functions. The impact of the measured differential cross-sections as a function of lepton η$$\eta $$ on the determination of these functions is studied using a profiling technique.

Aad, G↗

FiXR : a framework to reconstruct fiber cross-sections from X-ray fiber diffraction experiments

Ab initio reconstruction methods have revolutionized the capabilities of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), allowing the data-driven discovery of previously unknown molecular conformations, exploiting optimization heuristics and assumptions behind the composition of globular molecules. While these methods have been successful for the analysis of small particles, their impact on fibrillar assemblies has been more limited. The micrometre-range size of these assemblies and the complex interaction of their periodicities in their scattering profiles indicate that the discovery of fibril structures from SAXS measurements requires novel approaches beyond extending existing tools for molecular discovery. In this work, it is proposed to use SAXS measurements, together with diffraction theory, to infer the electron distribution of the average cross-section of a fiber. This cross-section is modeled as a discrete electron density with continuous support, allowing representations beyond binary distributions. Additional constraints, such as non-negativity or smoothness/connectedness, can also be added to the framework. The proposed approach is tested using simulated SAXS data from amyloid β fibril models and using measured data of Tobacco mosaic virus from SAXS experiments, recovering the geometry and density of the cross-sections in all cases. The approach is further tested by analyzing SAXS data from different amyloid β fibril assemblies, with results that are in agreement with previously proposed models from cryo-EM measurements. The limitations of the proposed method, together with an analysis of the robustness of the method and the combination with different experimental sources, are also discussed.

Biochemistry & Molecular Biology↗

Inclusive production cross sections at N 3 LO

We present for the first time the inclusive cross section for associated Higgs boson production with a massive gauge boson at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD. Furthermore, we introduce n3loxs, a public, numerical program for the evaluation of inclusive cross sections at the third order in the strong coupling constant. Our tool allows to derive predictions for charged- and neutral-current Drell-Yan production, gluon- and bottom-quark-fusion Higgs boson production and Higgs boson associated production with a heavy gauge boson. We discuss perturbative and parton distribution function (PDF) uncertainties of the aforementioned processes. We perform a comparison of global PDF sets for a variety of process including associated Higgs boson production and observe 1σ deviations among predictions for several processes.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Measurement of differential t t ¯ production cross sections using top quarks at large transverse momenta in p p collisions at s = 13 TeV

A measurement is reported of differential top quark pair (${t\bar{t}}$) production cross sections, where top quarks are produced at large transverse momenta. The data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC are from pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The measurement uses events where at least one top quark decays as t$ \to $Wb $ \to q\bar{q}'b$ and is reconstructed as a large-radius jet with transverse momentum in excess of 400 GeV. The second top quark is required to decay either in a similar way, or leptonically, as inferred from a reconstructed electron or muon, a bottom quark jet, and a missing transverse momentum due to the undetected neutrino. The cross section is extracted as a function of kinematic variables of individual top quarks or of the ${t\bar{t}}$ system. The results are presented at the particle level, within a region of phase space close to that of the experimental acceptance, and at the parton level, and are compared to various theoretical models. In both decay channels the observed absolute cross sections are significantly lower than the predictions from theory, while the normalized differential measurements are well described.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Triangular cross-section beam splitters in silicon carbide for quantum information processing

Abstract Triangular cross-section color center photonics in silicon carbide is a leading candidate for scalable implementation of quantum hardware. Within this geometry, we model low-loss beam splitters for applications in key quantum optical operations such as entanglement and single-photon interferometry. We consider triangular cross-section single-mode waveguides for the design of a directional coupler. We optimize parameters for a 50:50 beam splitter. Finally, we test the experimental feasibility of the designs by fabricating triangular waveguides in an ion beam etching process and identify suitable designs for short-term implementation.

42 ENGINEERING↗

Erratum: Monoenergetic photon-induced fission cross-section ratio measurements for U 235 , U 238 , and Pu 239 from 9.0 to 17.0 MeV

In this erratum we report a correction to the previously published photofission cross-section ratio data. The actinide fission-chamber foils utilized in this work were extensively characterized during a new campaign using α- and γ-ray spectroscopy, and 2π alpha counting. These three techniques agreed, resulting in an improved accuracy of the fission-chamber foil masses used in the original experiment. The foil masses measured by α spectroscopy are detailed in Table I. All foils were counted on the same α spectrometer, using an identical geometry, which reduces the systematic uncertainty in the calculated mass ratios since the α spectrometer efficiency cancels out in the ratio. This results in a relative uncertainty on the mass ratio of 1.0% for 235 U/ 238 U, 0.62% for 239 Pu/ 235 U, and 1.1% for 239 Pu/ 238 U. The published cross-section ratio data are re-calculated to reflect the updated target masses and uncertainties. The new mass values cause a 2.40% decrease for the σ( 235 U(γ, f)/ 238 U(γ, f)) ratio, a 5.10% decrease for the σ( 235 U(γ, f)/ 239 Pu(γ, f)) ratio, and a 2.77% decrease for the σ( 238 U(γ, f)/ 239 Pu(γ, f)) ratio. The updated cross-section ratios are presented in Tables II, III, and IV, which are corrected versions of Tables III, IV, and V in Ref. [1]

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb-1. The differential production cross sections of the D *± , D ± , and D 0 $(\bar{D}^0)$ mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < pT < 100 GeV and |η| < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Measurement of the production cross section of a Higgs boson with large transverse momentum in its decays to a pair of τ leptons in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV

A measurement of the production cross section of a Higgs boson with transverse momentum greater than 250GeV is presented where the Higgs boson decays to a pair of τ leptons. It is based on proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb − 1 . Because of the large transverse momentum of the Higgs boson the τ leptons from its decays are boosted and produced spatially close, with their decay products overlapping. Therefore, a dedicated algorithm was developed to reconstruct and identify them. The observed (expected) significance of the measured signal with respect to the standard model background-only hypothesis is 3.5 (2.2) standard deviations. The product of the production cross section and branching fraction is measured to be 1.64 − 0.54 + 0.68 times the standard model expectation. The fiducial differential production cross section is also measured as functions of the Higgs boson and leading jet transverse momenta. This measurement extends the probed large-transverse-momentum region in the ττ final state beyond 600GeV.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Measurements of the production cross-section for a Z boson in association with b -jets in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents a measurement of the production cross-section of a Z boson in association with b-jets, in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.6 fb -1 . Inclusive and differential cross-sections are measured for events containing a Z boson decaying into electrons or muons and produced in association with at least one or at least two b-jets with transverse momentum p T > 20 GeV and rapidity |y| < 2.5. Predictions from several Monte Carlo generators based on leading-order (LO) or next-to-leading-order (NLO) matrix elements interfaced with a parton-shower simulation and testing different flavour schemes for the choice of initial-state partons are compared with measured cross-sections. We find that the 5-flavour number scheme predictions at NLO accuracy agree better with data than 4-flavour number scheme ones. This is because the 4-flavour number scheme predictions underestimate data in events with at least one b-jet.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Analytic error analysis of cross section interpolation methods in nodal diffusion codes - II: Numerical results

This paper is the second part of a two-part paper that documents the numerical results for the partial derivatives model presented in part I. In this paper, we derive the error bounds for the analytical point-wise error expression and verify our bounds with numerical experiments. The point-wise error expressions make available, and bound, the sources that contribute to the total error of the interpolated cross section in terms of the Lagrange interpolation errors and the model form error. MPACT is used to generate two-group homogenized cross sections for Westinghouse's AP1000 Region 4 lattice to evaluate the accuracy of the bounds. Error bounds calculated over a grid are compared to numerical data for uni-variate and multi-variate interpolation. The point-wise error bounds of a typical case matrix - two branches in each state variable - are displayed for bi-variate interpolation in the state variables: moderator density, fuel temperature, and boron concentration. The error bounds are shown to be highly accurate compared to numerical results, and in accordance with the underlying physics. We then discuss and show how the sources of error contribute to the total error, and consider the improvement of each error source. Finally, we mention future work such as propagating our cross section error bounds through a reactivity calculation. (authors)

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

Measurements of the inclusive and differential production cross sections of a top-quark–antiquark pair in association with a Z boson at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of both the inclusive and differential production cross sections of a top-quark–antiquark pair in association with a Z boson ($t\bar{t}Z$) are presented. The measurements are performed by targeting final states with three or four isolated leptons (electrons or muons) and are based on $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV proton–proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 139 fb -1 , recorded from 2015 to 2018 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The inclusive cross section is measured to be σ $t\bar{t}Z$ =0.99 ± 0.05 (stat.) ± 0.08 (syst.) pb, in agreement with the most precise theoretical predictions. The differential measurements are presented as a function of a number of kinematic variables which probe the kinematics of the $t\bar{t}Z$ system. Both absolute and normalised differential cross-section measurements are performed at particle and parton levels for specific fiducial volumes and are compared with theoretical predictions at different levels of precision, based on a χ 2 /ndf and p value computation. Overall, good agreement is observed between the unfolded data and the predictions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Elastic differential cross-section ${\mathrm{d}}\sigma /{\mathrm{d}}t$ at $\sqrt{s}=2.76\hbox {TeV}$ and implications on the existence of a colourless C-odd three-gluon compound state

The proton-proton elastic differential cross section dσ/dt has been measured by the TOTEM experiment at √ s = 2.76 TeV energy with β* = 11 m beam optics. The Roman Pots were inserted to 13 times the transverse beam size from the beam, which allowed to measure the differential cross-section of elastic scattering in a range of the squared four-momentum transfer (|t|) from 0.36 GeV 2 to 0.74 GeV 2 . The differential cross-section can be described with an exponential in the |t|-range between 0.36 and 0.54 GeV 2 , followed by a diffractive minimum (dip) at |t dip | = (0.61 ± 0.03) GeV 2 and a subsequent maximum (bump). The ratio of the dσ/dt at the bump and at the dip is 1.7±0.2. When compared to the proton–antiproton measurement of the D0 experiment at √ s = 1.96 TeV, a significant difference can be observed. Under the condition that the effects due to the energy difference between TOTEM and D0 can be neglected, the result provides evidence for a colourless C-odd three-gluon bound state exchange in the t-channel of the proton-proton and proton–antiproton elastic scattering.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Stairway to discovery: A report on the CMS programme of cross section measurements from millibarns to femtobarns

The Large Hadron Collider at CERN, delivering proton-proton collisions at much higher energies and far higher luminosities than previous machines, has enabled a comprehensive programme of measurements of the standard model (SM) processes by the CMS experiment. These unprecedented capabilities facilitate precise measurements of the properties of a wide array of processes, the most fundamental being cross sections. The discovery of the Higgs boson and the measurement of its mass became the keystone of the SM. Knowledge of the mass of the Higgs boson allows precision comparisons of the predictions of the SM with the corresponding measurements. These measurements span the range from one of the most copious SM processes, the total inelastic cross section for proton-proton interactions, to the rarest ones, such as Higgs boson pair production. They cover the production of Higgs bosons, top quarks, single and multibosons, and hadronic jets. Associated parameters, such as coupling constants, are also measured. These cross section measurements can be pictured as a descending stairway, on which the lowest steps represent the rarest processes allowed by the SM, some never seen before.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Neutron Induced Nuclear Reaction Cross Sections for Radiochemistry in the Region of Thallium, Lead, and Bismuth

We have developed a set of modeled nuclear reaction cross sections for use in radiochemical detector diagnostics. Systematics for the input parameters required by the Hauser-Feshbach statistical model developed in the TALYS code system are used to calculate neutron induced nuclear reaction cross sections for targets ranging from Thallium (Z = 81) to Bismuth (Z = 83).

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗

A = 3 ( e , e ' ) x B ≥ 1 cross-section ratios and the isospin structure of short-range correlations

We study the relation between measured high-x B , high-Q 2 , helium-3 to tritium, (e,e') inclusive-scattering cross-section ratios and the relative abundance of high-momentum neutron-proton (np) and proton-proton (pp) short-range correlated (SRC) nucleon pairs in three-body (A=3) nuclei. In this study, analysis of this data using a simple pair-counting cross-section model suggested a much smaller np/pp ratio than previously measured in heavier nuclei, questioning our understanding of A=3 nuclei and, by extension, all other nuclei. Here we examine this finding using spectral-function-based cross-section calculations, with both an ab initio A=3 spectral function and effective Generalized Contact Formalism (GCF) spectral functions using different nucleon-nucleon interaction models. The ab initio calculation agrees with the data, showing good understanding of the structure of A=3 nuclei. An 8% uncertainty on the simple pair-counting model, as implied by the difference between it and the ab initio calculation, gives a factor of 5 uncertainty in the extracted np/pp ratio. Thus we see no evidence for the claimed "unexpected structure in the high-momentum wavefunction for hydrogen-3 and helium-3."

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

First Measurement of $𝜈_𝑒$ and $\bar{𝜈}_𝑒$ Charged-Current Single Charged-Pion Production Differential Cross Sections on Argon Using the MicroBooNE Detector

Understanding electron neutrino interactions is crucial for measurements of neutrino oscillations and searches for new physics in neutrino experiments. We present the first measurement of the flux-averaged $𝜈_𝑒$ + $\bar{𝜈}_𝑒$ charged-current single charged-pion production cross section on argon using the MicroBooNE detector and data from the NuMI neutrino beam. The total cross section is measured to be [0.93 ± 0.13⁢(stat) ± 0.27⁢(syst)] × 10 −39 cm 2 /nucleon at a mean $𝜈_𝑒$ + $\bar{𝜈}_𝑒$ energy of 730 MeV. Differential cross sections are also reported in electron energy, electron and pion angles, and electron-pion opening angle.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Thermal Cross Section Measurements At The RPI LINAC [Slides]

This presentation gives an overview of thermal cross section measurements at the RPI LINAC. Work discussed includes novel cold moderator capability for use in extending neutron flux down to 0.0005 eV and total thermal neutron cross section measurements performed for polyethylene, polystyrene, Plexiglas (Lucite), and yttrium hydride over the entire thermal region (0.0005 – 1 eV).

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗