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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 343 records · Page 19
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Sandia's Research in Support of COVID-19 Pandemic Response: Materials Science

Sandia Materials Science Investment Area contributed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 disease which represent the most significant pandemic threat in over 100 years. We completed a series of 7, short duration projects to provide innovative materials science research and development in analytical techniques to aid the neutralization of COVID-19 on multiple surfaces, approaches to rapidly decontaminate personal protective equipment, and pareto assessment of construction materials for manufacturing personal protective equipment. The developed capabilities and processes through this research can help US medical personnel, government installations and assets, first responders, state and local governments, and multiple federal agencies address the COVID-19 Pandemic.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

2019 Conference on Science at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Final Technical Report)

The 3rd Conference on Science at the Sanford Underground Research Facility took place on May 14th to 17th, 2019 at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. Eighty researcher from all over the U.S., from Europe and from Australia attended the conference and presented on the status of research related to current and future projects at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. Topics covered by presentations from experts in their field (plenary talks) and contributed oral presentations by junior scientists were neutrino oscillations with focus on science with the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), dark matter search with priority on the LUX-Zeplin (LZ) experiment, neutrinoless double beta-decay search (Majorana Demonstrator), nuclear astrophysics (CASPAR and DIANA), and geology research (SIGMA-V). Complementary experiments locate at other research facilities were also well represented in the conference program. A public lecture on research in dark matter search for local high school students was organized as part of the conference program and was presented by one of the dark matter plenary speakers.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Science and Solutions for a Planet Under Pressure: Synthetic Research, Analytics, and Community Engagement on Five Priority Theme Areas

Support from the Department of Energy proved instrumental in supporting the work of Global Council for Science and the Environment (GCSE) on synthetic research, analysis, and community engagement, oriented around the themes and discussions from the GCSE Drawdown 2021 Conference — Research to Action: Science and Solutions for a Planet Under Pressure. These efforts helped inform and enhance the societal relevance of the knowledge that has been generated through the conference and, at the same time, advance the scientific insights acquired through synthesis and scientific translation efforts. The work centered on three main objectives: 1) documentation of findings from the completed GCSE 2021, culminating in the publication of a synthesis report; 2) development and vetting of integrated use cases that illustrate synthesis methods and enable scientific outreach, communications, and translational discussions among universities and the broader research community; and 3) strengthening the scientific basis for energy education research by sharing findings in university-educator fora.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Physical Sciences Vistas: Perspectives on Simultaneous Excellence (Issue 1, 2023)

The issue begins with an article highlighting Physics Division’s involvement in diagnostic development that led to the measurement of ignition at the National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Subsequent articles transition to some of the materials development occurring in Sigma, Materials Science and Technology, and Materials Physics and Applications divisions. This is inclusive of the development of next generation moderator materials as an enabling technology of small modular reactors. These materials will most likely be qualified at a facility at Idaho National Laboratory. The issue also highlights development of novel, additively manufactured foams for next generation weapons. This work is being done in close collaboration with the Kansas City National Security Campus to enable transition of materials development to production in a more agile way. Finally, an article describes Accelerator Operations and Technology Division’s hard work to replace the legacy remote instrumentation and control equipment at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) with a modern control system. The story discusses how that engineering success will lead to improved sustainability of the beam during operation and thus a better experience for all of our collaborators and partners in the LANSCE user program.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Science and Technology Review: Getting to Carbon Neutral

At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, we focus on science and technology research to ensure our nation’s security. We also apply that expertise to solve other important national problems in energy, bioscience, and the environment. Science & Technology Review is published eight times a year to communicate, to a broad audience, the Laboratory’s scientific and technological accomplishments in fulfilling its primary missions. The publication’s goal is to help readers understand these accomplishments and appreciate their value to the individual citizen, the nation, and the world. Achieving carbon neutrality requires a well-considered combination of technologies, private involvement, and public policies. As described in the article beginning on p. 4, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory developed the Getting to Neutral: Options for Negative Carbon Emissions in California report, a three-pillared approach to bridge the gap between California’s initial plans to reduce carbon emissions and the state’s goal to achieve net zero emissions by 2045. The cover image represents the network of strategies and stakeholders involved in achieving carbon neutrality for the environment.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Science & Technology Review: Awards for Livermore Innovation

At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, we focus on science and technology research to ensure our nation’s security. We also apply that expertise to solve other important national problems in energy, bioscience, and the environment. Science & Technology Review (S&TR) is published eight times a year to communicate, to a broad audience, the Laboratory’s scientific and technological accomplishments in fulfilling its primary missions. The publication’s goal is to help readers understand these accomplishments and appreciate their value to the individual citizen, the nation, and the world. In 2021, Lawrence Livermore technologies received three R&D 100 awards, which honor the year’s top 100 innovations from around the world. The feature article beginning on p. 4 describes the Laboratory’s winners: the Multiplicity Counter for Thermal and Fast Neutrons, Flux, and the Optical Transconductance Varistor. The 2021 awards raised the Laboratory’s total R&D 100 awards to 173 since 1978. The R&D 100 logo is reprinted in this issue with permission from R&D World magazine.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2023

Accelerating Informed Local Climate Action by Improving Access to DOE Predictive Modeling and Science-Based Tools

The threat of climate change is becoming increasingly urgent, and local governments across the United States are working to develop and implement climate action plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the impacts of climate change. At the same time, the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science, Earth and Environmental Systems Sciences Division (EESSD) has been developing a range of tools and technologies to help predict the potential multi-faceted impacts from climate change given varying environmental and socioeconomic scenarios. However, local governments have been slow to engage with these scientific assets due to a lack of understanding and awareness. The DOE researchers interviewed highlighted three primary types of resources that could benefit local governments and climate practitioners: climate models, modeled datasets, and scientific journal articles. Although many of these resources are open source and available to the public, there were several challenges identified in translating these resources and their research insights directly to decision-makers.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Support for the Second MOSAiC Science Conference support (Final Report)

This is a final report for a conference support project. The US Department of Energy’s Atmospheric System Research Program provided funding support for the Second MOSAiC Science Conference. MOSAiC is the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate, a yearlong, international expedition into the rapidly changing Arctic sea ice. The expedition collected measurements of the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean to study coupled physical, chemical, and biological processes. The Second MOSAiC Science Conference provided an important opportunity to bring the MOSAiC-interested community together to discuss MOSAiC data, scientific analyses, synthesis, modeling activities, and more. Overall, the conference was a significant success and has motivated and facilitated a great deal of ongoing research. The support provide by this project was used along with support from other agencies to implement a participant support program that enabled participation in the conference by a diverse collection of researchers from many different countries and disciplines, 60% of whom were female. Most of these participants were Early Career Researchers. Participation by these researchers was vital to the overall success of the conference and has helped to build leadership and research skills for the participants that will serve both themselves and the broader scientific community in the future.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

OPEN-Augmented Reality GUI for Bioenergy Crop Phenotyping and Precision Agriculture (Donald Danforth Plant Science Center Final Scientific Technical Report)

The project led by the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, in collaboration with Arizona State University, George Washington University, and Saint Louis University, has made significant strides in advancing the phenotypic analysis of bioenergy crops through the development of an innovative AI processing pipeline. This initiative was primarily funded by ARPA-E, with additional cost-sharing provided by the participating institutions. The project successfully utilized a variety of sensors—3D scanners, thermal, RGB, and hyperspectral—to refine algorithms for data-driven trait signature identification and improve the classification and visualization of plant traits. The developed AI processing pipeline is capable of handling the complex, multidimensional data characteristic of dynamic agricultural environments. 1) Contributions to understanding: The research has advanced the field of plant phenomics by showcasing the synergistic use of various sensor data to enhance the precision of trait analysis in bioenergy crops. Through the integration of 3D scanners, thermal, RGB, and hyperspectral sensors, the project has developed robust data-driven trait signature algorithms and visualization techniques. These innovations have facilitated detailed monitoring and management of plant traits, providing vital insights into plant growth dynamics and stress responses. Further, the project has broadened our understanding of how machine learning can be effectively applied in multi-sensor environments to refine trait analysis. By leveraging diverse datasets, the research has not only improved the accuracy of phenotypic assessments but also established a versatile methodological framework that can be extended beyond agriculture to other fields requiring detailed phenotypic analysis. 2) Technical effectiveness and economic feasibility: The AI processing pipeline developed in this project demonstrated significant technical effectiveness, achieving high throughput analysis of extensive phenotypic data and meeting targeted accuracies. This system exemplified the capability of advanced machine learning technologies to efficiently manage and analyze large, complex datasets. Economically, the implementation of the project-developed pipelines may offer substantial cost savings across multiple sectors. It enhances data analysis processes and significantly reduces the need for manual data interpretation, thereby decreasing both the time and resources required. 3) Public benefit: The project has significantly broadened the scope of agricultural methodologies to enhance phenotypic analysis, with potential applications in various sectors beyond agriculture. Additionally, the initiative fostered an enriching educational and collaborative environment, significantly enhancing the technical skills of participants. It also made substantial contributions to the scientific community by providing open-access data sets and tools, encouraging ongoing research and development across various disciplines. Overall, the project not only met its scientific goals but also showcased the extensive utility of integrating advanced machine learning and sensor data analysis technologies. These advancements have proven instrumental in driving forward both theoretical research and practical applications, setting a strong foundation for future explorations and innovations in data-driven science.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Support for the Core Research Activities and Studies of the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (DE-SC0020446 Final Technical Report)

Supported the core operations of the National Academies' Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (CSTB). Helped support planning and conducting of board meetings, identification of priority topics in computer science and other areas of computing and communications technologies, and oversight for CSTB's portfolio of studies and convenings. Activities shaped and overseen included: a workshop on Al for scientific discovery; collaborative work with other Academies units on a study on foundational research gaps and future directions for digital twins; a study on current capabilities, future prospects, and governance of facial recognition technologies, a study on post- exascale computing; a study on fostering responsible computing research, collaborative work with other Academies units on automated research workflows for accelerated scientific discovery; a study on meeting federal cybersecurity workforce needs, and a study of the ecosystem driving information technology innovation.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Seeing is Believing: Autonomous Microscopy and the Data Revolution in Materials Science [Slides]

Machine intelligence has the potential to revolutionize materials science, enabling autonomous synthesis, self-driving characterization, and accelerated modeling. However, despite the promise, successful implementation of these methods in day-to-day research remains a challenge. This talk will delve into the reasons behind this, exploring how truly intelligent experiments are hindered by opaque experiment control, a lack of domain-specific models, and human-centric design. Through a focus on the characterization of next-generation microelectronics and energy storage materials, I will share insights from both successful and failed attempts to implement machine intelligence. We will then explore the next steps necessary to unlock the full potential of machine intelligence in materials science, creating a future where intelligent systems work seamlessly alongside researchers to drive innovation and discovery.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

A Data Science and Machine Learning Platform Supporting Large Particle Accelerator Control and Diagnostics Applications Final Report: SBIR Initial Phase II DE-SC0022583

The Machine Learning Data Platform (MLDP) is a product providing full-stack support for data science, Machine Learning, and Artificial Intelligence (ML/AI) applications at particle accelerator and large experimental physics facilities. It supports ML/AI applications from front-end, high-speed acquisition of heterogeneous, time-series data, through data archiving and management, to back-end analysis. The MLDP embodies a “data-science ready” platform for data analysis and ML/AI applications in diagnosis, modelling, control, and optimization of these facilities. It provides data scientists and applications a consistent, datacentric interface to archive data standardizing implementation and deployment of ML/AI algorithms to different operations configurations within the same facility, or between facilities. Being an open-source, public-domain project, the MLDP is intended for broadest possible impact by increasing accessibility and minimizing the required expertise for installation and operation. The MLDP can also be deployed at user facilities for experimental data collection, archiving, and analysis. It is capable of acquisition and archiving of heterogeneous data from experimental equipment (e.g., images, arrays, structures, etc.) along with system hardware configurations (e.g., scalars, tables), control system process variables, and any metadata required for provenance. Thus, the MLDP can manage experimental data through its entire lifecycle, from acquisition and archiving, through analysis and investigation, to release and final publication.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

ARM Aerosol Measurement Science Group 2024 Strategic Planning Workshop Report

This report summarizes the results of the 2024 Strategic Planning Workshop conducted by the Aerosol Measurement Science Group (AMSG) for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility. The objective of this workshop was to provide ARM facility guidance through specific recommendations relating to aerosol science for a period of five years. The AMSG primary focus of this workshop was to help advance strategic external partnership engagement for ARM’s aerosol measurement program. The workshop was held July 9-10, 2024 at the University of Utah. This was the third such workshop since the AMSG was chartered in 2015 to enhance coordination of ARM observations of aerosols and atmospheric trace gases with the needs of ARM users.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

ESnet Watershed Field Science Data Backhaul Campaign Report

ESnet’s Watershed Field Science Data Backhaul Campaign is intended to improve the ability to gather data from sensors deployed across the East River and Trail Creek watersheds, with a special focus on the Snodgrass distributed sensor area, the Pumphouse instruments with co-located U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility Surface Atmosphere Integrated Field Laboratory (SAIL) tethered balloon setup, and the former ARM SAIL campaign’s second ARM Mobile Facility (AMF2) site by the Watershed Function Science Focus Area (WFSFA) program. This program is not funded by ARM, but collaborates with ARM as part of the SAIL campaign, collocated with the WFSFA field sites in Colorado’s East River Watershed.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Toward Trustworthy Autonomous Science: A Two-Year Community Roadmap

One year ago, the AISLE roadmap argued that autonomous laboratories operated as isolated islands and proposed a grassroots network organized around five critical dimensions. The field has since moved faster than that roadmap anticipated: multi-agent systems have produced experimentally validated hypotheses, self-driving laboratories have grown more interoperable and orchestrated, reasoning-trained and domain foundation models have raised the capability ceiling, and the Genesis Mission has placed autonomous experimentation at the center of U.S. federal science strategy, with industry emerging as a primary actor. Progress has met a sobering counter-current, including a corrected flagship discovery result, benchmarks showing that agents which rival experts on closed-ended questions still complete only a fraction of open-ended research, and fabricated citations surfacing at leading venues. We read this as the defining tension of the field: producing a candidate discovery is no longer the hard part, but verifying it is, and this asymmetry now limits autonomous science more than raw model capability. Accordingly, we update the roadmap around seven dimensions, revisiting the original five and elevating two former cross-cutting concerns, trust, verification, and reproducibility, and safety, security, and governance, to first-class status. We assess the original milestones (M1 through M14) as achieved, partially achieved, reframed, or open, add four new milestones (M15 through M18) for the elevated dimensions, and scope the path forward to a two-year horizon, with the first year concentrating on interfaces, protocol adoption, and the scaffolding of verification, and the second targeting federation, zero-trust coordination, and governance. Throughout, we position the grassroots network as the interoperability fabric that lets national programs, international initiatives, and commercial platforms connect rather than re-silo.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Using Community Science to Reveal the Global Chemogeography of River Metabolomes

River corridor metabolomes reflect organic matter (OM) processing that drives aquatic biogeochemical cycles. Recent work highlights the power of ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry for understanding metabolome composition and river corridor metabolism. However, there have been no studies on the global chemogeography of surface water and sediment metabolomes using ultrahigh-resolution techniques. Here, we describe a community science effort from the Worldwide Hydrobiogeochemistry Observation Network for Dynamic River Systems (WHONDRS) consortium to characterize global metabolomes in surface water and sediment that span multiple stream orders and biomes. We describe the distribution of key aspects of metabolomes including elemental groups, chemical classes, indices, and inferred biochemical transformations. We show that metabolomes significantly differ across surface water and sediment and that surface water metabolomes are more rich and variable. We also use inferred biochemical transformations to identify core metabolic processes shared among surface water and sediment. Finally, we observe significant spatial variation in sediment metabolites between rivers in the eastern and western portions of the contiguous United States. Our work not only provides a basis for understanding global patterns in river corridor biogeochemical cycles but also demonstrates that community science endeavors can enable global research projects that are unfeasible with traditional research models.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Assessing Gender Bias in Particle Physics and Social Science Recommendations for Academic Jobs

We investigated gender bias in letters of recommendation as a possible cause of the under-representation of women in Experimental Particle Physics (EPP), where about 15% of faculty are female-well below the 60% level in psychology and sociology. We analyzed 2206 letters in EPP and these two social sciences using standard lexical measures as well as two new measures: author status and an open-ended search for gendered language. In contrast to former studies, women were not depicted as more communal, less agentic, or less standout. Lexical measures revealed few gender differences in either discipline. The open-ended analysis revealed disparities favoring women in social science and men in EPP. However, female EPP candidates were characterized as “brilliant” in nearly three times as many letters as were men.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗