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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 325 records · Page 18
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Cryogenic Optical and Spin Scanning Probe Station for High-throughput Characterization of Solid-state Quantum Defects

This final technical report provides an overview of the key milestones achieved by Advanced Research Systems (ARS), a DOE SBIR/STTR Grant Recipient. ARS’s main objective was to develop a prototype of the Closed Cycle Cryogenic Quantum Probe Station (Avalanche). Designed for near field spectroscopy (Tip Enhanced Photoluminescence, TEPL and Tip Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy TERS) and far field spectroscopy (micro-Raman, micro-PL) is in the final stage of completion. The critical components have been tested and the final System Test of the AFM is scheduled for August 2025.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Improved Chopper System for a Direct Geometry Spectrometer at the Second Target Station

This report describes a chopper cascade suitable for a cold direct geometry spectrometer at a pulsed neutron source with a low repetition rate such as the Second Target Station (STS) currently being planned at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The chopper cascade offers the following capabilities: selection of a variable number of pulses per frame (flexible pulse suppression), selection of pulses with increasing timing separation within one frame, and an increasing pulse width ∆t within one frame, in order to achieve an even energy resolution over several pulses at different wavelengths across the frame.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Evaluation of Second Target Station Target Streaming for the Preliminary Design of the Target Assembly

This report documents the analysis of dose rate fields from a combination of two sources stemming from the target system of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Second Target Station (STS). This analysis supports the target drive components’ lifetime estimates and conventional facilities’ preliminary design. The two sources detailed in this report are the radiation generated by the proton beam incident on the target and the activated cooling water in the pipes at the top of the target assembly. The analysis considers the STS target system in operational configuration, with all shielding in place. The dose rate fields are calculated in the target drive room and through the target drive room ceiling. This report calculates the thickness necessary for the target drive room’s high-density concrete ceiling to meet the 0.25 mrem/hr dose limit requirement in the high bay directly above the target drive room. In addition to sizing the target drive room ceiling, this report includes details of the dose field surrounding the target drive assembly to estimate the deposited dose in the target drive assembly components resulting from both streaming and decay of activated water. Prompt neutrons and gammas generated by the proton beam incident on the target primarily stream along the gaps between the target assembly and core vessel shielding. Because the models and analysis detailed in this report are based on the STS preliminary design, future analysis is needed to support the STS final design.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Evaluating Probability of Assessment for Central Alarm Station Operators

This project focused on developing and analyzing a method that could be employed by operational nuclear facilities to evaluate their CAS operators and determine a probability of assessment for each operator. This method is agnostic of alarm communication and display system (AC&D), sensors and cameras in place in the field, and any other technical security measures. This security-measure-agnostic method enables operational facilities to adopt it to determine the effectiveness of their alarm station operators.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Report on Retrieval of the Reactor Pressure Vessel A-60 Surveillance Capsule from Palisades Nuclear Generating Station

Located on the shores of Lake Michigan, the Palisades Nuclear Generating Station (PNGS) was a nuclear power plant that operated in Covert Township, Michigan. The plant had a single pressurized water reactor that produced electricity for the region. The PNGS was shut down in 2022 after more than four decades of service. The PNGS included in its surveillance program a surveillance capsule, designated A-60, containing specimens of a weld metal with nickel content of about 1.36 wt% and copper content of about 0.20 wt%. The capsule was removed from its surveillance position in the early 1995 and has been resident in the spent fuel pool since that time. This capsule was irradiated to a fluence of 1.87×10 20 n/cm 2 (E> 1MeV) that is equivalent for more than 120 effective full power year (EFPY) for the US reactor pressure vessel (RPV) fleet. The material is also of special interest because of its very high nickel content and potential for development of NiMnSi (nickel-manganese-silicon) precipitates. Combination of very high fluence and very high Ni and Cu content makes the material in this capsule of the great interest as benchmark for currently developing embrittlement trend curves (ETC) aiming to predict embrittlement at high fluences. Thus, several years ago the Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program (LWRSP) initiated negotiations with Entergy to harvest this high fluence capsule since it did not present any regulatory interest for PNGS but could play a very important role for LWRSP efforts for developing ETC for very long-term operation. The negotiations resumed once PNGS ownership moved to the Holtec International in June 2022 which was very supportive to the LWRSP efforts to harvest the A-60 capsule from the spent fuel pool. As a result, the contract was placed with the Westinghouse Electric Company (WEC) to come to PNGS site, retrieve the A-60 capsule, bring it to WEC Churchill hot cell facility, open the capsule and send all surveillance specimens in the capsule to ORNL for future characterization. These specimens from the PNGS A-60 capsule have arrived to ORNL in July 2023 and this report summarizes activities to retrieve and deliver specimens to ORNL site for future evaluation.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Coupled Target-Beam-Moderator Optimization for the Second Target Station

This report describes the results for a coupled target-beam-moderator optimization analysis for the Second Target Station (STS) at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source. This study is a continuation of the optimization analysis for the moderators in the preliminary design of STS performed in 2022. In the 2022 analysis the dimensions of the moderators are parameterized, while the target and the proton beam profile are kept constant. In this analysis the target height and the proton beam profile are added as parameters. This allows to study the coupled effects of changing target, moderator and beam dimensions. Similar to the 2022 analysis, this work is performed with an automated optimization workflow that uses the optimization toolbox DAKOTA, parameterized geometries in CREO and SpaceClaim, the unstructured mesh generation in Attila4MC, and the particle transport code MCNP6.2©. This workflow enables an efficient optimization using high-fidelity geometries. The main conclusions of this analysis are the following: • Coupled beam-target-moderator optimization provides a few additional percent performance gain over stand-alone moderator optimization. • The moderator performance is not very sensitive to the target height (between ≈60 and ≈80 mm) as long as the beam profile is chosen adequately. • The moderator performance is sensitive to the choice of beam spatial standard deviations, even when the footprint is kept constant. • The optimal moderator radius is the same for a beam footprint of 30 cm 2 , 62.5 cm 2 , and 90 cm 2 . Also the slope of the super-gaussian beam profile does not significantly impact the optimal moderator radius. • The optimal parameters and sensitivities are very similar to the 2022 optimization analysis. These results only indicate a a difference in the optimal radius of the cylindrical moderator, however, this has been corrected in the final design moderator optimization. The main purpose of this report is to document the simulations, results and lessons learned. The most impactful results are summarized in. We also note that the target geometry used in this work is not the final design.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Steel Creek, Pen Branch, and D-Area Watershed Stream Gauging Stations

A network of stream gauging systems were installed in the Steel Creek, Pen Branch, D-Area Discharge Canal, and the D006 Stream in support of the groundwater modeling efforts for the P-Area Groundwater Operable Unit (OU); Chemical, Metals, and Pesticides (CMP) Pits OU; and the D-Area Watershed, respectively. Each location is monitored by a MACE Floseries3 FloPro data logger and a MACE doppler ultrasonic area/velocity sensor. Each stream gauging system is powered by an internal 12-volt battery supplied by a solar panel with a trickle charger. Information collected by each data logger is logged internally and telecommunicated via a cellular network to an online server for real time analysis and monitoring. The MACE doppler ultrasonic area/velocity sensor can measure stream depth and velocities to give output values of flow rates, total flow, net flow, and volumes. The water depth is measured by a ceramic pressure transducer located on the top of the sensor. The velocity is measured by a continuous wave doppler sensor to give an average velocity across the whole stream profile. This report discusses the equipment and methods used to install continuous stream gauging stations and provides a summary of data collected through FY2025.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Polk Power Station NGCC Carbon Capture FEED Study

Final Technical Report for Tampa Electric Company's Front-End Engineering Design Study for the implementation of an amine-based Carbon Capture System by ION Clean Energy at the Polk Power Station, Unit 2.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Wyoming CarbonSAFE Phase III: Site Characterization and Permitting Commercial-Scale Carbon Storage Complex Feasibility Study at Dry Fork Station, Wyoming

This report presents the findings of the technical and non-technical site characterization and permitting activities (“Phase III”) conducted under the Wyoming CarbonSAFE: Accelerating CCUS Commercialization and Deployment at Dry Fork Power Station (DFS) and the Wyoming Integrated Test Center project (“Wyoming CarbonSAFE”). Wyoming CarbonSAFE is part of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) Carbon Storage Assurance Facility Enterprise (“CarbonSAFE”) Initiative. The results of Phase III demonstrate that the Wyoming CarbonSAFE project - referred to as the Northern Powder River Basin Carbon Sequestration Hub (NPRB-CSH) - meets the technical, regulatory, and commercial feasibility requirements necessary to advance toward commercial development and construction. The activities completed under this project Phase make the NPRB-CSH one of the region’s most commercially ready carbon storage sites. Completion of this Phase included the finalization of all site surface and subsurface characterization activities, completion and testing of two Class VI standard wells, 10 draft Class VI permits-to construct to address the future needs of a storage complex, finalized NEPA assessments, transportation and capture FEED studies, and a full commercialization strategy with economic modeling, operation and site closure strategies. The NPRB-CSH meets all requirements to progress to a CarbonSAFE Phase IV program or advance to full commercial operations under the development of a business partner.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2026

Autonomous Hydrogen Fueling Station

This project “Autonomous Hydrogen Fueling Station” covered the autonomous refueling with both gaseous hydrogen and liquid hydrogen. The part on gaseous hydrogen focused on the development of an autonomous robotic fueling arm that would couple to a fuel cell engine for hydrogen refueling without guidance from the forklift operator and budget period. Research was also covered for the robotic fueling with a commercial vehicle. The second phase of the project created the baseline for an autonomous liquid hydrogen transfer system that would minimize boil off losses by operating at thermodynamically efficient state points. For the development of the robotic fueling arm, testing was conducted to establish a baseline measurement of the accuracy and repeatability of a human operator positioning a lift truck in front of a dispenser. The goal was to establish the range of motion required for an autonomous fueling mechanism to mate a hydrogen nozzle with a receptacle on a fuel cell system installed in a forklift. The final design comprised a selective compliance articulated robot arm (SCARA)-type mechanism with two arms for horizontal motion and a ball screw for vertical movement and color and LIDAR cameras were used for marker identification and proximity awareness to guide the robotic arm to its target receptacle. Initial tests resulted in 199 out of 200 successful attempts at autonomous coupling of the dispensing coupler and a fuel cell engine, without hydrogen. The dispenser prototype was modified to include tubing for both hydrogen fuel and air purge lines, but subsequent tests were confounded by the shoulder motor over current errors which limited the robot from getting to the fully inserted position to achieve a positive latch. Robotic hydrogen refueling was successfully demonstrated over 1.5 hours of testing, Plug completed 29 successful latches with an average number of 4 sequential latches before failure. However, a robot capable of placing the nozzle with more force is required for higher reliability. For budget period two, a small scale (10 kg / transfer) automated control system was designed that would operate valves to control pressure and flow of liquid nitrogen between a source and receiving tank with an aim to minimize boil off losses by operating at the most thermodynamically efficient state points. Control system logic flow and a P&ID were developed prior to system safety characterization via HAZOP. A control narrative and system state points were defined. Delays in approval for a change of project objective and procurement issues precluded the construction and test of the final prototype system.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2026

Multimodal Instrument Concepts for Chemical Sciences at Second Target Station

The development of advanced chemical and energy systems is inherently complex, relying heavily on their unique pathways. Because no two catalysts or batteries follow exactly the same kinetic trajectories, conventional sequential measurements often obscure crucial relationships between structure and dynamics through statistical averaging. This report introduces two neutron scattering instrument concepts for the Second Target Station (STS) specifically designed to overcome this barrier: the Extended Q-range Diffractometer (EQD) and the Multimodal Chemical Spectrometer (MCS).

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Neutronics Evaluation of the Preliminary Design of the Service Cell Door for the Second Target Station

The service cell door needs to provide sufficient shielding to achieve 0.25 mrem/h dose rates in the adjacent room while remote handling operations of waste materials are going on within the service cell for the Second Target Station (STS). This analysis provides a neutronics evaluation of the preliminary design of the service cell door to evaluate the required thickness and the effect of streaming gaps around the door. As radiation source, we use the decay gamma source of the moderator reflector assembly (MRA) of the STS with a decay time of either two days or six months. As the MRA contains a significant amount of beryllium, photonuclear reactions induce a neutron source, which dictates the required door thickness in certain situations. Four scenarios with different MRA positions and decay times have been analyzed. The required thickness differs drastically depending on the chosen scenario and on the material of the door. The streaming through the gaps around the door is relatively small with high dose rates limited to small sections of the geometry.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Moderator Optimization for the Second Target Station Final Design

This report details the results from the optimization simulations performed for the final design of the Second Target Station (STS). This is a continuation of the analysis performed in 2022 for the preliminary design. To evaluate the impact of the design changes since 2022, the analysis was repeated with updated target and moderator models. Additionally, more degrees of freedom have been considered in the premoderator dimensions which provide a refinement compared to the previous optimization analysis.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Yield Estimates of three Historical Atmospheric Nuclear Explosions at Lop Nor, from Reduced Order Models of Regionally Recorded Rayleigh Waveforms and One Seismic Station: A Brief Communication

We use a reduced order model (ROM) for Rayleigh waveforms sourced by large atmospheric explosions along with data collected from a single seismic station (TLG) to estimate the yields of three atmospheric nuclear tests with order-megaton (MT) yields. These historical tests were conducted by China between 1973 and 1980 (CHIC 15, CHIC 16, and CHIC 26). We use our ROM to estimate yields of 2.34 MT (CHIC 15), 0.51 MT (CHIC 16), and 1.15 (CHIC 26) in the 20.5 s period band that are consistent with publicly accepted values of 3 MT (CHIC 15), 0.50 MT (CHIC 16), and 0.730 MT (CHIC 26).

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Design and Prototyping of the 162.5 MHz PIP-II RF Reference-Line Station

The Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II) Reference Line distributes phase-stable radio-frequency signals so accelerating cavities transfer energy to the proton beam at the correct point in each RF cycle. The full system contains 162.5, 325, and 650 MHz sections; this project focuses on the 162.5 MHz station. Commercial filters, amplifiers, splitters, mixers, and hardware were assembled into a compact, serviceable heat-plate layout and tested to verify performance metrics at 162.5 MHz.

Subedi, Harsheet [Unlisted, US]↗