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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 325 records · Page 18

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2023

Systems and methods for piezoelectric, electronic, and photonic devices with dual inversion layers

An apparatus comprising a substrate, one or more nanowire pillars, each having a base portion and a tip portion, a first electrode connected to the tip portions of the one or more nanowire pillars, an internal hollow cavity positioned between the substrate and the first electrode, such that at least a portion of each of the one or more nanowire pillars extend through the internal hollow cavity, and a second electrode proximate the first side of the substrate. High-performance broadband photodetectors and other optoelectronics for converting light to electricity with enhanced absorption and carrier collection.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗

DOE OSTI2023

Impingement panel support structure and method of manufacture

An integrated combustor nozzle includes a combustion liner that extends between an inner liner segment and an outer liner segment along a radial direction. The combustion liner including a forward end portion, an aft end portion, a first side wall, and a second side wall. An impingement panel having an impingement plate disposed along an exterior surface of one of the inner liner segment or the outer liner segment. The impingement plate defines a plurality of impingement apertures that direct coolant in discrete jets towards the exterior surface of the inner liner segment or the outer liner segment. The impingement panel includes an inlet portion that extends from the impingement plate to a collection duct. The impingement panel further includes a plurality of supports spaced apart from one another. The plurality of supports extend between, and are coupled to, the inlet portion, the collection duct, and the impingement plate.

Berry, Jonathan Dwight↗

DOE OSTI2023

Low soot stoichiometric compression-ignition combustion

A combustion system including a combustion mechanism that injects oxygenated fuel into a combustion chamber. The oxygenated fuel mixes with the intake air in the combustion chamber where the air-fuel ratio in a portion of the combustion chamber is stoichiometric. The combustion mechanism includes an ignition mechanism that ignites the air-fuel mixture that generates a threshold number of particulates during combustion of the air-fuel mixture. The combustion system further includes an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) device that recirculates a portion of the exhaust gases back into the combustion chamber. The EGR device recirculates the portion of the exhaust to lower combustion temperature resulting in reduced amount of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust. The combustion system further includes a three-way catalytic converter in line with the exhaust channel to convert a second portion of the exhaust gases, leading to lower pollutant emissions than conventional combustion systems.

Pickett, Lyle M.↗

DOE OSTI2023

Method and apparatus for data protection in memory devices

An apparatus and method for efficiently transmitting data are described. A transmitter sends data to a receiver. An encoder of the transmitter divides a received first block of data into multiple sub-blocks. The encoder selects a portion of each sub-block to compare to one another. A portion in a particular sub-block has a same offset and a same size as other portions of other sub-blocks. If the encoder determines the multiple portions match one another, the encoder sends, to the receiver, a second block of data corresponding to the first block of data. The second block of data has a same size as a size of the received first block of data, and the second block of data includes security data from one of multiple error correction schemes. Therefore, the second block of data provides security without increasing an amount of data to transmit.

SeyedzadehDelcheh, SeyedMohammad↗

DOE OSTI2023

Electric motor cooling with oscillating heat pipes

A stator and a motor including a stator. The stator includes a stator hub, a plurality of stator teeth extending from the stator hub that define a stator slot having a stator slot base, at least one winding disposed in the stator slot, and one or more oscillating heat pipes disposed at least partially in the at least one winding. The at least one winding is held apart from the stator slot base so that a cooling channel is defined between an inner winding portion of the at least one winding and a portion of the one or more oscillating heat pipes is disposed in the channel so cooling fluid can be passed between the stator slot base and the inner winding portion to cool the inner winding portion via at least operation of the one or more oscillating heat pipes.

Alahyari, Abbas A.↗

DOE OSTI2023

Data center coolant switch

A data center cooling system has an indoor portion wherein heat is absorbed from components in the data center, and an outdoor heat exchanger portion wherein outside air is used to cool a first heat transfer fluid (e.g., water) present in at least the outdoor heat exchanger portion of the cooling system during a first mode. When an appropriate time has been reached to switch from the first mode to a second mode, the outdoor heat exchanger portion of the data cooling system is switched to a second heat transfer fluid, which is a relatively low performance heat transfer fluid (compared to the first fluid). It has a second heat transfer fluid freezing point, lower than the first heat transfer fluid freezing point, and sufficiently low to operate without freezing when the outdoor air temperature drops below a first predetermined relationship with the first heat transfer fluid freezing point.

Iyengar, Madhusudan K.↗

DOE OSTI2023

Stereolithography additive manufacturing of magnetically aligned liquid crystal elastomers

A method of forming a three-dimensional structure includes forming a layer of resin comprising liquid crystal oligomers and a photoinitiator, applying a magnetic field to the formed layer in a predefined alignment direction for substantially aligning the liquid crystal oligomers in a first orientation; and exposing the formed layer to radiation for curing a first portion of the layer during application of the magnetic field thereby resulting in the first portion having liquid crystal elastomers substantially aligned in the first orientation. The method includes applying a second magnetic field to the formed layer in a predefined second alignment direction for substantially aligning uncured liquid crystal oligomers in a second orientation, and exposing the layer to radiation for curing a second portion of the layer during application of the second magnetic field thereby resulting in the second portion having liquid crystal elastomers substantially aligned in the second orientation.

Arriaga, Rodrigo Telles↗

DOE OSTI2023

Insert device for fuel injection

An insert device includes a body having an upper body portion configured to couple with a cylinder head of an engine cylinder and a lower body portion extending from the upper body portion toward a combustion chamber of the engine cylinder. The body includes an interior surface extending around a central volume positioned to receive liquid fuel from a fuel injector. The body includes gas inlet channels and fuel-and-gas mixture outlet channels. The gas inlet channels direct gas into the central volume where the gas mixes with the liquid fuel to form the fuel-and-gas mixture. The fuel-and-gas mixture outlet channels direct the mixture into the combustion chamber. The interior surface includes concave surface portions between the inlet channels and the outlet channels along a center axis of the body that are shaped to direct the gas into the central volume toward the liquid fuel in the central volume.

Heher, Brett↗

DOE OSTI2023

Surface acoustic wave sensor for refrigerant leakage detection

A SAW sensor is optimized for detection of refrigerant leakage in a refrigerant system or other gases, vapors, explosives or chemicals of interest. The SAW sensor includes a piezoelectric substrate; an interdigitated transducer deposited on the piezoelectric substrate, the interdigitated transducer having an input portion that receives input surface acoustic waves and an output portion that emits output surface acoustic waves; and a refrigerant sensor film located between the input portion and the output portion of the interdigitated transducer, the refrigerant sensor film including a sorbent material that is selected for preferential adsorption of a target refrigerant over atmospheric gases. Adsorption of the target refrigerant by the sorbent material results in a frequency shift of a frequency of the output surface acoustic waves relative to a frequency of the input surface acoustic waves. The sorbent material may be a metal organic framework (MOF) material, a covalent organic framework (COF) material, a porous organic cage or organic macrocyles such as calix [n] arene and its related derivatives.

Kunapuli, Raghuit Prasad↗

DOE OSTI2023

Nanopatterned electron beams for temporal coherence and deterministic phase control of x-ray free-electron lasers

A method includes accelerating an electron bunch along a direction of propagation to a relativistic energy and partitioning the electron bunch by transmitting the electron bunch through a grating at the relativistic energy. The grating includes a plurality of alternating narrow portions and wide portions. The narrow portions have a first thickness in a direction substantially parallel to the direction of propagation of the electron bunch, and the wide portions have a second thickness in the direction substantially parallel to the direction of propagation of the electron bunch. The second thickness is greater than the first thickness. The method also includes generating a pulse of light using the partitioned electron bunch.

Graves, William↗

DOE OSTI2023

Real time feedback-based optimization of distributed energy resources

An example device includes a processor configured to receive a plurality of voltage values representing respective voltage magnitudes at voltage nodes in a first portion of a power system and determine, for each voltage node, a respective value of first and second voltage-constraint coefficients. The processor is also configured to receive a power value corresponding to a connection point of the first portion of the power system with a second portion of the power system and determine for the connection point, a respective value of first and second power-constraint coefficients. The processor is also configured to cause at least one energy resource connected to the first portion of the power system to modify an output power of the at least one energy resource based on the value of the first and second voltage-constraint coefficients for each voltage node and the value of the first and second power-constraint coefficients.

Dall'Anese, Emiliano↗

DOE OSTI2023

Methods of forming components of heat exchangers and methods of forming heat exchangers

A method of forming at least a component of a heat exchanger comprises introducing a feed material comprising a first portion including a matrix material and a second portion including a sacrificial material on a surface of a substrate, exposing at least the first portion to energy to form bonds between particles of the matrix material and form a first thickness of a structure, introducing additional feed material comprising the first portion over the first thickness of the structure, exposing the additional feed material to energy to form a second thickness of the structure, and removing the sacrificial material from the structure to form at least one channel in the structure. Related heat exchangers and components, and related methods are disclosed.

van Rooyen, Isabella J.↗

DOE OSTI2024

Decarbonizing Building Thermal Systems: A How-to Guide for Heat Pump Systems and Beyond

Buildings account for a substantial portion of carbon emissions, primarily due to the widespread use of fossil fuels in heating systems. Decarbonization of heating is essential to meet climate targets and reduce the environmental impact of buildings. Heat pumps are capable of leveraging renewable energy sources and can provide heating and cooling in an energy-efficient manner. By leveraging heat pump technology, buildings can significantly reduce their carbon footprint, minimize energy consumption, and decrease their reliance on fossil fuels. The design and construction community plays a pivotal role in facilitating the transition to heat pump systems for heating and cooling. However, this transition requires specialized knowledge and expertise. This resource was developed for architects, engineers, and contractors in response to an industry need for a comprehensive technical resource that guides them through the intricacies of heat pump system design, installation, and maintenance. This resource provides detailed information on system sizing, selection of appropriate heat systems, heat sources, and integration with existing building systems. Moreover, it emphasizes best practices for ensuring operational efficiency, system longevity, and reliability. The development of this recourse was a collaborative effort between NREL/DOE Better Buildings Design and Construction Allies and ASHRAE Task Force for Building Decarbonization. This resource is composed of two complimentary portions that will be completed and released on separate time frames. The first portion will be completed and released in 2023, while the second portion will be released in 2024.

building thermal systems↗

DOE OSTI2024

Friction-less low-profile hinge system and method

The present disclosure relates to a reduced friction torsion component system that makes use of a first frame portion adapted to be coupled to, or integrally formed with, a first object, and forming a first bore, and a second frame portion adapted to be coupled to, or integrally formed with, a second object, and forming a second bore. The two bores are axially aligned and receive at least one elongated hinge component. The elongated hinge component operates to both couple the first and second frame portions together for pivoting movement relative to one another, and also provides a torsional biasing force to enable pivotal deployment from a first position to a second position of one of the first or second frame portions.

Riot, Vincent J.↗

DOE OSTI2024

Vacuum insulated glazing, valve, flexible seal, and method for making vacuum insulated glazing

A vacuum insulated glazing includes first and second spaced apart glass panes having perimeter portions defining a vacuum space between the glass panes. A vacuum valve is positioned at the perimeter portions of the glass panes and includes a valve body extending between the perimeter portions of the glass panes, and having first and second ends and a fluid conduit extending from the first end to the second end of the valve body and in fluid communication with the vacuum space. A one-way valve in the fluid conduit permits fluid flow from the vacuum space, and prevents fluid flow into the vacuum space. A suction fitting is provided for connecting the valve body to a suction device. An end seal between the perimeter portions of the glass panes is provided for hermetically sealing the vacuum space. A valve for a VIG and a method of making a VIG are also disclosed.

Bhandari, Mahabir↗

DOE OSTI2024

Supports with integrated sensors for nuclear reactor steam generators, and associated systems and methods

Supports with integrated sensors for nuclear reactor steam generators, and associated systems and methods, are disclosed. A representative method for forming a nuclear-powered steam generator includes forming an instrumented support, the instrumented support including a carrier portion and a retainer portion, with at least one of the carrier portion or the retainer portion being integrally formed with a sensor via an additive manufacturing process. The method can further include coupling the sensor to a communication link, supporting a helical steam conduit on the instrumented support, and installing the helical steam conduit and the instrumented support in a nuclear reactor. The helical steam conduit is positioned along a primary flow path, which is in turn positioned to circulate a heated primary flow in thermal communication with the helical steam conduit.

Welter, Kent↗

DOE OSTI2020

Efficient bi-directional coupling of 3D computational fluid-particle dynamics and 1D Multiple Path Particle Dosimetry lung models for multiscale modeling of aerosol dosimetry

The development of predictive aerosol dosimetry models has been a major focus of environmental toxicology and pharmaceutical health research for decades. One-dimensional (1D) models successfully predict overall deposition averages but fail to accurately predict local deposition. Computational fluid-particle dynamics (CFPD) models provide site-specific predictions but at a computational cost that prohibits whole lung predictions. Thus, there is a need for developing multiscale strategies to provide a realistic subject-specific picture of the fate of inhaled aerosol in the lungs. CT-based 3D/CFPD models of the large airways were bidirectionally coupled with individualized 1D Navier-Stokes airflow and particle transport based upon the widely used Multiple Path Particle Dosimetry Model (MPPD). Distribution of airflows among lobes was adjusted by measured lobar volume changes observed in CT images between FRC and FRC + 1.5 L. Additionally, as a test of the effectiveness of the coupling procedures, deposition modeling of previous 1 µm aerosol exposure studies was performed. The complete coupled model was run for 3 breaths, with the computation-intense portion being the 3D CFD Lagrangian particle tracking calculation. The average deposition per breath was 11% in the combined multiscale model with site-specific doses available in the CFPD portion of the model and airway- or region-specific deposition available for the MPPD portion. In conclusion, the key methods developed in this study enable predictions of ventilation heterogeneities and aerosol deposition across the lungs that are not captured by 3D or 1D models alone. Overall, these methods can be used as the foundation for multi-scale modeling of the full respiratory system.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2023

Plasma surface ionization wave interactions with single channels

Abstract The study of plasma surface ionization waves (SIWs) in recent years has primarily focused on planar surfaces and periodic two dimensional structures. In application, substrates are likely to have non-planar morphology such as cracks, pores, and steps. Additionally, targets for the applications of medicine or catalysis may have targets with heterogeneous composition. This classification of targets are brought under the umbrella of complex interfaces. In this work, plasma SIWs were incident on a complex target consisting of a single channel cut into glass slides. The SIW velocities for the in-channel portion of the wave and radially propagating portion of the wave were tracked. It was found that surface wave velocities are not significantly affected by channel geometry, but primarily increase with pulse energy. A third propagation direction for the SIW is characterized in the azimuthal direction relative to the radial portion of the wave. Channel geometry is found to greatly effect the area treated by the plasma but not the propagation velocity of the surface wave. Surface wave morphology and the impact on application is also discussed. A simple model was introduced to understand the mechanisms behind SIW escape from a channel. It was found that the ratio of pulse energy to a geometry dependent minimum energy can predict the escape angle of a SIW from single channels.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗