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At least 325 records · Page 18
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NASA NTRS1978

Mare Crisium - Regional stratigraphy and geologic history

Spectral reflectance measurements of five Luna 24 samples and new telescopic reflectance spectra of 10-20 km areas of seven sites in Mare Crisium have been used to calibrate multispectral images of mare units. Based on these data, three major mare units are defined in the Crisium basin and their stratigraphy is interpreted. The oldest mare unit is exposed in the ejecta of the craters Picard and Peirce and along the outer edge of the southeastern part of the basin. The next younger unit includes the Luna 24 site and generally follows a topographic annulus along the basin margin. The youngest mare unit occupies the central part of the basin. It is concluded that subsidence occurred throughout the emplacement of mare units, including extensive warping and downfaulting of the inner part of the Crisium basin.

Adams, J. B.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Lunar spectral units - A northern hemispheric mosaic

The distribution of lunar spectral units has been studied with the aid of multispectral imaging using silicon vidicons. The employed method has been developed over the last few years. The lunar observations used in the study had been made on May 7, 1974 (UT) at the Table Mountain Observatory. Four narrow bandpass interference filters centered at 0.38, 0.56, 0.85, and 1.05 micrometers were used. In the data displays presented the large differences (as in visual albedo) between the mare and the uplands have been deliberately minimized to allow small variations between these two major regions to be studied. Most of the spectral units are quite distinct, with relatively sharp boundaries. Attention is given to the general characteristics of spectral units, the distribution of mare basalt types, and the distribution of orange glass and dark mantling material.

Johnson, T. V.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Microcomputer helps evaluate skin burns

Microcomputer analysis of multispectral imaging of burn area aids production of display map of field and partial thickness burns making more effective clinical treatment possible.

Anselmo, V. J.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Swath width study. A simulation assessment of costs and benefits of a sensor system for agricultural application

Satellites provide an excellent platform from which to observe crops on the scale and frequency required to provide accurate crop production estimates on a worldwide basis. Multispectral imaging sensors aboard these platforms are capable of providing data from which to derive acreage and production estimates. The issue of sensor swath width was examined. The quantitative trade trade necessary to resolve the combined issue of sensor swath width, number of platforms, and their orbits was generated and are included. Problems with different swath width sensors were analyzed and an assessment of system trade-offs of swath width versus number of satellites was made for achieving Global Crop Production Forecasting.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1977

Adaptive coding of MSS imagery

A number of adaptive data compression techniques are considered for reducing the bandwidth of multispectral data. They include adaptive transform coding, adaptive DPCM, adaptive cluster coding, and a hybrid method. The techniques are simulated and their performance in compressing the bandwidth of Landsat multispectral images is evaluated and compared using signal-to-noise ratio and classification consistency as fidelity criteria.

Habibi, A.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Bandwidth compression of multispectral satellite imagery

The results of two studies aimed at developing efficient adaptive and nonadaptive techniques for compressing the bandwidth of multispectral images are summarized. These techniques are evaluated and compared using various optimality criteria including MSE, SNR, and recognition accuracy of the bandwidth compressed images. As an example of future requirements, the bandwidth requirements for the proposed Landsat-D Thematic Mapper are considered.

Habibi, A.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Mare basalt types on the front side of the moon - A summary of spectral reflectance data

A unit map of nearside basalt types has been prepared from all telescopic spectral reflectance data currently available for lunar soils. Four parameters were chosen (UV/VIS ratio, albedo, 1 micron band strength, 2 micron band strength) to distinguish and map each of 13 mare basalt types and three additional volcanic groups. Multispectral imagery and albedo maps were used to define unit boundaries while spectra were used to examine the 1 and 2 micron bands and calibrate and quantify the multispectral images. Although the volume of each basalt type is not known, it is clear from the unit map that only 1/3 to 1/2 of the surface basalt types are likely to be represented in the returned lunar samples. For mature lunar soils a single parameter alone does not provide chemical information, but when the four are used together, TiO2 and in some cases FeO can be estimated. Further study of the mineralogy of unsampled lunar basalts requires precise spectra to 2.5 microns with higher spectra and spatial resolution.

Pieters, C. M.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Basic cluster compression algorithm

Feature extraction and data compression of LANDSAT data is accomplished by BCCA program which reduces costs associated with transmitting, storing, distributing, and interpreting multispectral image data. Algorithm uses spatially local clustering to extract features from image data to describe spectral characteristics of data set. Approach requires only simple repetitive computations, and parallel processing can be used for very high data rates. Program is written in FORTRAN IV for batch execution and has been implemented on SEL 32/55.

Hilbert, E. E.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 10th, Houston, Tex., March 19-23, 1979, Proceedings. Volume 2 - Early solar system and lunar regolith

Papers are presented concerning studies of the lunar regolith, the remote sensing of the surface compositions of the moon and planets, and the origin and evolution of the solar system. Specific topics include the stratigraphy and depositional history of the Apollo 17 deep drill core, the trace element and metallic iron abundances in fractions of the Apollo 15 deep drill core, the surface chemistry of lunar impact glasses, cosmic ray-produced noble gases in lunar samples, and the properties of microcraters and cosmic dust less than 1000 A in diameter. Attention is also given to the remote sensing of mare surface titanium concentrations, Viking Lander multispectral images, star and planetary system formation in collapsing, viscous, rotating clouds and the importance of planet size to basaltic volcanism.

Merrill, R. B.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Late high-titanium basalts of the western maria - Geology of the Flamsteed region of Oceanus Procellarum

The evolution, geology, geochemistry and topology of the Flamsteed region of Oceanus Procellarum are examined, considering remote sensing data including multispectral images and spectral reflectance measurements along with crater degradation studies and radar backscatter. Seven spectrally distinct basaltic units ranging in age from 2.5 plus or minus 0.5 to 3.5 plus or minus 0.5 billion years have been identified. The earliest units of the mapped area are composed of highlands material and include partially flooded impact craters, and the oldest surface exposed mare basalts are very low Ti basalts of the Telemann formation.

Pieters, C. M.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Test-Bed Aircraft Scanner

Test-bed aircraft multispectral scanner (TBAMS) is line-scanning multispectral imaging system with eight visible/near-infrared channels and one thermal-infrared channel. Key design features of TBAMS are its large size and modular subsystem mounted on horizontal baseplate. This unique layout allows easy access to and replacement of subsystems and their subcomponents. System designed around existing inexpensive parts, sacrifices compactness for ease of modification.

Jobson, D. J.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Study of the cerrado vegetation in the Federal District area from orbital data

The physiognomic units of cerrado in the area of Distrito Federal (DF) were studied through the visual and automatic analysis of products provided by Multispectral Scanning System (MSS) of LANDSAT. The visual analysis of the multispectral images in black and white, at the 1:250,000 scale, was made based on the texture and tonal patterns. The automatic analysis of the compatible computer tapes (CCT) was made by means of IMAGE-100 system. The following conclusions were obtained: (1) the delimitation of cerrado vegetation forms can be made by the visual and automatic analysis; (2) in the visual analysis, the principal parameter used to discriminate the cerrado forms was the tonal pattern, independently of the year's seasons, and the channel 5 gave better information; (3) in the automatic analysis, the data of the four channels of MSS can be used in the discrimination of the cerrado forms; and (4) in the automatic analysis, the four channels combination possibilities gave more information in the separation of cerrado units when soil types were considered.

Dejesusparada, N.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Spatial and temporal variations in lagoon and coastal processes of the southern Brazilian coast

From a collection of information gathered during a long period, through the orbital platforms SKYLAB and LANDSAT, it was possible to establish a method for the systematic study of the dynamical regime of lagoon and marine surface waters, on coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul. The series of multispectral images analyzed by visual and automatic techniques put in evidence spatial and temporal variations reflected in the optical properties of waters, which carry different loads of materials in suspension. The identified patterns offer a synoptic picture of phenomena of great amplitude, from which trends of circulation can be inferred, correlating the atmospheric and hydrologic variables simultaneously to the overflight of orbital vehicles.

Dejesusparada, N.↗
NASA NTRS1981

NASA: Biomedical applications team

The status of projects involving the adaptation of NASA technologies for medical purposes is reviewed. Devices for the measurement of joint deformation of arthritic hands, the development of an artificial pancreas, provision of an auditory signal to avert epileptic seizures, are described along with the control of medication levels, a compressed air tank to supply power for field dentistry, and an electroencephalogram monitor. The use of the Lixiscope as a portable fluoroscope, thermal laminates for hand and foot warmers for patients with Raynaud's syndrome, and the use of absorptive coatings for instruments for controlling medication levels are described. The applicability of occupation health and safety practices to industry, computerized patient scheduling, impregnation of the common facial tissue with an agent for killing respiratory viruses, commercial applications of anthropometric data, and multispectral image analysis of the skin as a diagnostic tool are reviewed.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1980

Spectrophotometry of Io - Preliminary Voyager 1 results

Multispectral images of Io acquired with the Voyager 1 narrow-angle camera agree with earth-based spectrophotometry to better than 10%. Although the surface materials have general spectral properties similar to various allotropes of sulfur, their ultraviolet (UV) reflectances are much higher. It is likely that varying amounts of SO2 frost mixed with or absorbed on sulfur-rich materials raises the UV reflectance. The possible association with large amounts of SO2 with low temperature forms of sulfur in the white patches on Io is consistent with Io surface models in which SO2 and S exist in thermally stable stratified zones.

Soderblom, L.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Artificial stereo presentation of meteorological data fields

The innate capability to perceive three-dimensional stereo imagery has been exploited to present multidimensional meteorological data fields. Variations on an artificial stereo technique first discussed by Pichel et al. (1973) are used to display single and multispectral images in a vivid and easily assimilated manner. Examples of visible/infrared artificial stereo are given for Hurricane Allen and for severe thunderstorms on 10 April 1979. Three-dimensional output from a mesoscale model also is presented. The images may be viewed through the glasses inserted in the February 1981 issue of the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, with the red lens over the right eye. The images have been produced on the interactive Atmospheric and Oceanographic Information Processing System (AOIPS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. Stereo presentation is an important aid in understanding meteorological phenomena for operational weather forecasting, research case studies, and model simulations.

Hasler, A. F.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Use of an automatic procedure for determination of classes of land use in the Teste Araras area of the peripheral Paulist depression

An evaluation of the multispectral image analyzer (system Image 1-100), using automatic classification, is presented. The region studied is situated. The automatic was carried out using the maximum likelihood (MAXVER) classification system. The following classes were established: urban area, bare soil, sugar cane, citrus culture (oranges), pastures, and reforestation. The classification matrix of the test sites indicate that the percentage of correct classification varied between 63% and 100%.

Dejesusparada, N.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Multitemporal and geobotanical approach in the remote detection of Greisenization areas in the Serra da Pedra Branca Granite, Goias State, Brazil

A multiseasonal analysis of LANDSAT multispectral images in CCT format permitted the mapping of lithologic facies in the Pedra Branca Granite, using geobotanical associations, which occur in the form of variations in the density of the cerrado vegetation, as well as the predominance of certain distinct vegetation species. Dry season images did not show very good results in lithological differentiation due to anomalous illumination conditions related to the low solar elevation and the homogeneity in the vegetation cover, specially the grass that becomes dry during this season. Rainy season images, on the other hand, allowed the separation of the lithological types, a fact that can be attributed to a greater differentiation among the geobotanical associations. The muscovite-granite facies with greisenization zones within the Serra da Pedra Branca were mapped. This methodology can be successfully applied to similar known granite bodies elsewhere in the Tin Province of Goias.

Parada, N. D. J.↗