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At least 325 records · Page 18

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2020

Sensors of world’s largest digital camera snap first 3,200-megapixel images at SLAC

Vera C. Rubin Observatory will conduct the 10-year Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), which will collect 60 petabytes of data to address some of the most pressing questions about the structure and evolution of the universe and the objects in it. LSST is designed to address four science areas: Understanding Dark Matter and Dark Energy Hazardous Asteroids and the Remote Solar System The Transient Optical Sky The Formation and Structure of the Milky Way Vera C. Rubin Observatory is a federal project jointly funded by the National Science Foundation and the Department of Energy Office of Science, with early construction funding received from private donations through the LSST Corporation. The NSF-funded LSST (now Rubin Observatory) Project Office for construction was established as an operating center under the management of the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA). The DOE-funded effort to build the Rubin Observatory LSST Camera (LSSTCam) is managed by SLAC.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2020

The Solar Ready Vets Fellowship: Employer Information Session

The Solar Ready Vets Fellowship is part of the Solar Ready Vets Network, a workforce development initiative funded by the US Department of Energy. Through the Hiring Our Heroes Corporate Fellowship Program, mid-senior level active duty transitioning service members are placed with solar industry employers for 12 weeks of on-the-job training. Through this process, employers gain access to a natural recruitment pipeline of the best and brightest transitioning military talent, while gaining a deeper understanding of the veteran labor market. This program is offered to employers at no cost.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2020

Forecasting the Impact of Dual-credit Policy (2021-2023) on China's Electric Vehicle Market

China is well known for its ambition on large-scale vehicle electrification which currently is mainly driven by fuel economy and electric vehicle policies. This study adopts the New Energy and Oil Consumption Credits (NEOCC) model, a vehicle policy analysis tool developed by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, to systematically quantify the potential impacts of the “Passenger Cars Corporate Average Fuel Consumption and New Energy Vehicle Credit Regulation” which was released in June 2020 for the timeframe 2021-2023, so called dual-credit policy (2021-2023). It is found that, under the dual-credit policy (2021-2023), the sales of low fuel consumption conventional vehicles will increase faster than they were in 2018-2020, and the share of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) could reach 11.4% by 2023 if it keeps the expansion as it was in 2017. Besides, the BEVs with long electric range (such as 400 km) and the plugin hybrid SUVs would be the most popular PEV types.

Ou, Shawn↗

DOE OSTI2020

A Community Energy Operations and Planning System: Concept, Use cases, Metrics, and Benefits

Community and city leaders are interested in achieving sustainability goals, providing resilient energy infrastructure, and improving economic competitiveness. Community-level data acquisition and analysis can provide energy and associated benefits that are not possible at the single building level. However, there is a lack of organizational structure, common semantic data models, interoperable systems, and methods to support data-driven decision-making for community-scale energy supply and demand systems. We explored the need and opportunity for a Community Energy Operations and Planning System (Community EOPS), a potential data exchange platform. We conducted “customer discovery” interviews, and reviewed literature, public tools, and technology platforms to identify key energy data “users” and use cases in communities. The key users of the Community EOPS could be developers of mixed-use districts, corporate, defense and university campus energy managers, and city managers of cities that own their energy utility. The value could be for community planning and reporting (for energy data-integrated land use planning and community infrastructure investments in microgrids, storage, district heating and cooling), energy efficiency (leveraging optimizations for community scale energy supply and demand), flexible load management (grid-edge load management to offset, shift, and flatten loads for multiple buildings and EV fleets), cost savings and revenue generation (participating in grid services), and social benefits such as energy resilience, equity, and awareness. We developed a conceptual Community EOPS architecture with recommendations for streamlined and prioritized data acquisition, sharing, and integration driven by prioritized use cases, common metrics, and actionable visualizations that can provide value to a community’s users.

Singh, Reshma↗

DOE OSTI2020

EVALUATING NUCLEAR SECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF THE SPLINTERNET

The internet, which for years has been viewed as a global online commons with standardized protocols but few regulations is, according to some experts, starting to mirror the contentious political and commercial contours of the physical world. Contributing to this is the rise in data breaches, cyber-enabled attacks on critical infrastructure, government surveillance operations, theft of intellectual property, manipulation of electoral processes, and perceived erosion of privacy, all of which are resulting in a growing skepticism that an open internet will naturally serve the best interests of users, communities, countries, and the global economy. In addition, the rapidly emerging and increasingly lucrative power of data has global superpowers scrambling to protect their informational sovereignty as an urgent matter of national security. Underscoring this urgency is the fact that, despite its global reach and cosmopolitan contributor base, internet infrastructure and governance of the World Wide Web remain largely under U.S. corporate auspices, which reinforces the perception of U.S. control. Whether fragmentation is politically, economically, or socially motivated, there appears to be a growing appetite for an internet that is partitioned and controlled at the national level. From “the Great Firewall of China” to the “Halal” internet of Iran, the trend towards a “Splinternet” has courts and governments embarking on what some call a "legal arms race" to impose a maze of national or regional rules, often conflicting, in the digital realm. The paper explores the emerging Splinternet phenomenon, analyses the implications of this trend on nuclear security, and identifies questions that present opportunities for future research.

Internet, Data Security, Cyber Security, Nuclear S↗

DOE OSTI2020

Large-Scale Solar Development: A Playbook for Southwest Virginia

his playbook is an introductory guide for local governments to facilitate large-scale solar projects in Southwest Virginia. In a region that has a long history of energy production, solar technologies offer enormous potential for economic development and job growth. Large-scale solar can take many forms, including rooftop or ground-mounted installations at local corporate offices, nonprofit organizations, or schools. It can also encompass utility-scale projects over many acres on former agricultural or timberlands, mined lands, or industrial sites. Regardless of the type of project, solar is a widely popular, cost-competitive energy choice that helps create sustainable and prosperous communities. This playbook is directed to municipal and county governments that have an essential role to play in encouraging large-scale solar projects. The first section provides an overview of state and national trends, including recent state legislation that will impact local oversight of solar development. This is followed by an overview of the solar project approval process from a developer’s perspective. The next section is an overview of the state and local permitting process for solar projects, followed by other development considerations such as local tax revenue options, financing incentives, and considerations for solar on brownfields and previously mined lands. The playbook concludes with a step-by-step guide for local governments to facilitate large-scale solar development.This playbook is part of the Solar Workgroup of Southwest Virginia’s effort to bring solar energy and associated jobs to the region. Over the past few years, the workgroup has met with stakeholder groups and crafted a strategy for local solar energy development. The workgroup has collaborated with cities and counties to bring SolSmart designation to eight counties and cities, implemented group purchase campaigns for commercial solar, and led research efforts.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2020

Policies and Programs Available in the United States in Support of Carbon Capture and Utilization

The article seeks to compile policies and programs that provide revenue and financing support for carbon capture and utilizations projects, which are available in the United States. Often technically minded entrepreneurs and investors new to this space are unaware of available support, which could help successful development of carbon capture and utilization projects.Covered in this article are the 45Q tax credit, green bonds, loan guarantee programs, the regional greenhouse gas initiative, and low carbon fuel standards.1This article covers the eligibility and effect of each policy and program. The article also briefly reviews the current state of technology and summarizes how each technology pathway pairs with the policies covered in the article.The goal of the article is to serve as a primer for lawyers, corporate development professionals, and practitioners, who seek to learn about policies and programs available to support carbon capture and utilization (CCU) projects.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

DOE OSTI2021

Zero-Export Feeder Through Transactive Markets

This presentation summarizes how HELICS was used during a collaborative project with Energy Web Foundation and Exelon Corporation. The primary focus of the research was on designing a transactive energy market to accomplish zero export at the feeder head. The market was tested in a HELICS co-simulation framework and showed significant promise for eliminating back feed at the substation even under high renewable energy penetration levels.

blockchain↗

DOE OSTI2020

Gas Hydrate Saturation Estimation Form Acoustic Log Data in the 2018 Alaska North Slope Hydrate-01 Stratigraphic Test

Completed in December 2018, the Alaska North Slope Hydrate 01 stratigraphic test well provides a wealth of logging-while-drilling (LWD) data for strata to below the base of gas hydrate stability (BGHS). This well is intended to be the first of three wells drilled for a comprehensive long-term gas hydrate production test conducted by the National Energy Technology Laboratory, the Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The Hydrate 01 stratigraphic test well confirmed the presence of gas hydrate in two sand reservoirs within the hydrate stability zone, indicating the suitability of this location for a long-term gas hydrate production test.<p>The USGS, using an effective-medium-theory rock-physics approach, has estimated gas hydrate saturations from compressional (P) and shear (S) wave log data acquired in the Hydrate 01 well. We assume that gas hydrate occurs as pore-filling load-bearing material (i.e., part of the grain matrix). For Unit D, approximately 500 feet above the BGHS, both P-wave and S-wave acoustic logs indicate moderate gas hydrate saturations with S-wave results slightly lower than those for P-waves. For the Unit B, located just above the BGHS, we obtain moderate to high gas hydrate saturation estimates from both sonic logs. Our P-wave saturation estimates agree well with results from electrical-resistivity-based estimates, whereas estimates from nuclear magnetic resonance LWD data generally suggest 5 to 10 percent higher saturations; our S-wave results suggest lower saturations. These differences likely indicate complexities in the form of gas hydrate occurrence within the sediment pore space, potentially including differences between hydrate occurrence in Units D and B.</p>

Haines, Seth↗

DOE OSTI2020

Numerical Simulations of Gas Production from Gas Hydrate Reservoirs at the Prudhoe Bay Unit 7-11-12 Pad on Alaska North Slope

In December 2018, a partnership between the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE NETL), the Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) successfully drilled and logged the Hydrate-01 Stratigraphic Test Well (STW) in the greater Prudhoe Bay oil field on Alaska North Slope. The logging-while-drilling (LWD) data confirmed the presence of gas hydrate-bearing reservoirs within two sand reservoirs (Unit B and Unit D) that are suitable targets for future testing. The interpreted log data and core sample measurements were used to create reservoir models for the Prudhoe Bay Unit (PBU) Kuparuk 7-11-12 Site. The models combine both gas hydrate-bearing sections in Unit B and Unit D together with the intermediate Unit C and over- and underburden sands and shales. The vertical heterogeneity in porosity, gas hydrate saturation, and permeability distributions for reservoir and non-reservoir units was implemented using fine mesh discretization. The depressurization method was applied to Unit B to induce gas hydrate destabilization at constant bottom hole pressure (BHP) values. The results of the numerical simulations support the development of production scenarios, well design, surface facilities, and field test procedures with the main goal to perform efficient and safe scientific production testing. Project results contribute to the knowledge base of permafrost-associated gas hydrate accumulations as a future energy source.

Myshakin, Evgeniy↗

DOE OSTI2021

Energy Management and Product Sustainability Standards – A Key Link to Sustainable Supply Chains

Reducing supplier energy consumption can be critical to creating more sustainable and resilient supply chains, and can be achieved by embedding criteria for energy management systems into product sustainability standards. Manufacturers across the globe are taking steps to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and become more sustainable. Large industrial corporations rightly tout their efforts and successes. However, their upstream emissions, that is, the emissions from companies supplying components, are more difficult to address. These supplier companies are often smaller manufacturers with limited awareness or incentives to reduce emissions. Within the electronics industry, a diverse group of stakeholders is seeking to make the electronics sector more sustainable and resilient through product sustainability standards. The U.S. Department of Energy is engaged in these endeavors, including efforts to reduce supplier energy consumption by incorporating criteria into these sustainability standards that encourage the adoption of energy management systems and practices. Such activity within the electronics sector can be a significant component of a broader resilience roadmap for the sector’s supply chain. This paper highlights the efforts to embed energy management practices into electronics products supply chains to build resilience, and presents a business case using examples from U.S. manufacturers that can be replicable to other manufacturing sectors.

Tutterow, Vestal↗

DOE OSTI2021

Improving the Accessibility and Usability of Geothermal Information with Data Lakes and Data Pipelines on the Geothermal Data Repository: Preprint

The Geothermal Data Repository (GDR) provides universal access to data and information resulting from research and development activities funded by the Department of Energy (DOE). The GDR has extended this universal access to big data through integration with data lakes developed by the Open Energy Data Initiative (OEDI). Previously, large datasets such as seismic waveform or distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data could only be accessed by institutions with high performance data storage and compute capabilities, effectively limiting the accessibility of big data to national labs, larger universities, and major corporations. Moreover, the time and resources needed to transport big data and configure them can produce additional barriers to use. Many of the standard formats used for structured data models (also known as content models) are incapable of handling big data and can introduce additional usability problems, often requiring data to be reformatted prior to use. This paper will explore how recent integrations between the GDR and the OEDI data lake have improved the accessibility and usability of geothermal data in a big way, making the data available to a broader audience, and enabling collaborative analysis and innovation across the greater geothermal industry.

access↗

DOE OSTI2021

Improving the Accessibility and Usability of Geothermal Information with Data Lakes and Data Pipelines on the Geothermal Data Repository

access↗

DOE OSTI2022

Assessment Framework of Marine Hydrokinetic Technologies for Microgrid Applications

Communities in Alaska that are not connected to a regional grid (referred to hereafter as grid-islanded Alaskan communities) rely heavily on stand-alone generators with imported diesel fuel as the primary source of energy. Several of these grid-islanded Alaskan communities have the potential to harness significant wave, tidal, and hydrokinetic power; many also have hydropower or wind potential that could complement these resources. The implementation of marine and hydrokinetic energy focused microgrids in these communities would diversify their energy profiles, with the potential in many communities to keep costs flat while reducing dependance on diesel. This would enhance resilience and reduce environmental impacts. This seedling proposal will systematically identify grid-islanded coastal communities in Alaska with wave, tidal, and hydrokinetic energy potential to add fuel diversity to generation, applying microgrid integration methods and strategies that will meet the community’s needs. This proposal is in partnership with the Alaska Center for Energy and Power (ACEP) and XENDEE Corporation who bring extensive expertise in Alaskan communities and microgrid technoeconomic assessment, respectively. This project will deliver: (1) a database of grid-islanded communities that are candidates for MHK based microgrids, (2) an assessment of possible microgrid integration methods and strategies related to tidal, wave, and hydrokinetic technologies, and (3) a MHK development plan for the XENDEE Microgrid design platform and planning tool that can serve these grid-islanded communities and project developers. In the final stage, the planning tool will allow for the comprehensive comparison between diesel based and MHK based renewable generation.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗

DOE OSTI2022

THE DESIGN OF LAYER TIME OPTIMIZATION IN LARGE SCALE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING WITH FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES

In this study, we have developed a method to optimize a layer deposition time (a.k.a. layer time) for large-scale additive manufacturing (AM) via physics-based simulations. A long layer time leads to an over-cooled surface on which a new layer is deposited, and therefore, it may result in a weak bonding or debonding between layers, cracking, or warping. A short layer time leads to a high temperature of the structure due to insufficient cooling, and therefore, the structure may not be stiff enough and may collapse during manufacturing. Therefore, it is important to estimate the optimal layer time in additive manufacturing for a high-quality product. The temperature of a top layer right before deposition is recommended to be slightly higher than the glass temperature of the material. A temperature cooling was approximated to an exponential function of time, and the optimized layer time was obtained based on a target temperature while maintaining a minimal printing time. The material used is carbon fiber-reinforced polycarbonate (CF/PC), and the large-scale deposition system used is LSAM TM from Thermwood Corporation. Three different layer time cases were used for experiments, and a series of thermal images were obtained via an infra-red (IR) camera during the entire AM processes. AM process simulations were performed using a finite element method and the temperature profiles from the simulation were in good agreement with those from experiments. The layer time optimization was performed based on the temperature profiles from the simulations. A layer temperature with the optimal layer time was confirmed as the target temperature through simulation.

Jo, Eonyeon↗

DOE OSTI2022

Light-Duty Vehicle Choice Modeling and Transportation Decarbonization Analysis

Light-duty vehicles are the biggest contributor of carbon emissions in the transportation sector. This project uses the Automotive Deployment Options Projection Tool (ADOPT) to explore pathways to light-duty decarbonization through technology improvements being researched by the Department of Energies Vehicle Technology Office. It includes sensitivities to market conditions, such as proposed vehicle purchase incentives, and changes to the Corporate Average Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas regulations. The results suggest that achieving the Vehicle Technology Office's research goals will lead to one third of the annual carbon emissions by 2050, primarily through vehicle electrification.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,ENERGY PLANNING, POLIC↗

DOE OSTI2021

Ahtna Tribal Energy Planning and Technical Assistance Project (Final Report)

Ahtna Intertribal Resource Commission (AITRC) provided technical assistance and capacity building activities for eight (8) tribal communities in the Ahtna region to: 1. reduce energy costs; 2. improve community wildfire readiness and biomass utilization; 3. provide local food security; and 4. reduce unemployment, poverty and outmigration in the Ahtna villages. AITRC provided community education on energy needs, conservation and efficiency, issues and options, assisted the tribes in identifying appropriate renewable energy systems, and increased their capacity to implement successful energy projects that employed local tribal members. AITRC also successfully assisted the member Tribes and Alaska Native Corporations in pursuing additional funding to advance their energy goals and projects, including Tribal Resiliency Planning, community biomass heating and wood resource assessment projects, and hydroelectric.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗

DOE OSTI2022

Phase-wrapping method for beam steering in optical phased arrays

A method and apparatus are provided for controlling the phase shifts produced in a binary corporate tree network of the kind, e.g., that can drive a phased array for steering an optical beam. The method employs a novel phase-wrapping technique in which an entire layer of the binary tree is disabled when the phase added in that layer reaches 2π. With that technique, it is possible to economize on electrical control lines and on the use of electric power, while still maintaining the ability to produce arbitrary phases at the output of the tree network.

Gehl, Michael↗