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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 325 records · Page 18
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Estatuto e Regimento da Revista Verde [Portuguese (Brazil)]

Esse documento regulamenta o Estatuto e o Regimento Interno da Revista Verde, fundada por iniciativa do Programa Escola Verde e do Grupo de Pesquisa em Educação Ambiental Interdisciplinar, os quais estão vinculados à Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), Faculdade de Petrolina (FACAPE) e Instituto Federal do Sertão Pernambucano (IFSertãoPE). A Revista Verde foi criada em Outubro de 2021, com o objetivo de ser uma publicação científica internacional, editada pelo Programa Escola Verde e o Grupo de Pesquisa em Educação Ambiental Interdisciplinar, para contribuir com a divulgação das novas discussões acadêmicas e científicas, resultadas de atividades de extensão e de pesquisas relacionadas a temas socioambientais e da sustentabilidade ambiental. O foco temático da revista são as problemáticas socioambientais, assim como os grandes debates acadêmicos técnicos e políticos em torno desses temas. As abordagens da revista são plurais, interdisciplinares ou específicas de uma área, desde que sobre dimensões essenciais da sustentabilidade, relativas ao meio ambiente e que estimulem o pensamento interdisciplinar. Nessa perspectiva, a revista pretende contribuir no processo de fortalecimento de um espaço de diálogo acadêmico, político e de intercâmbio de ideias e conhecimentos que permita acompanhar as pesquisas de ponta, colaborando com a sistematização e indexação de conhecimentos que podem ser fundamentais para a elaboração de políticas públicas a favor da sustentabilidade no Brasil e no mundo. A meta é constituir um periódico científico de impacto e excelência acadêmica e relevância social, reconhecida pelos pares, no Brasil e internacionalmente.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Scoping Review of Global Offshore Geologic Carbon Storage Activities

This technical report documents an inventory of offshore geologic carbon storage (GCS) sites globally, with a focus on existing, operating international sites and those characterized in the United States, indicating the type and variety of GCS efforts. Regional overviews provide a high level understanding of basin-scale geology and history of GCS globally. Key aspects documented in this review include geological formation types, depth, play style, project size, timeline, existing infrastructure, environmental challenges, and potential risks. This review also includes a summary of the regulatory frameworks globally, as well as environmental, social, and commercial considerations.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1975

Astronautics and aeronautics, 1973: Chronology of science, technology and policy

A brief chronological account is presented of key events of the year in aerospace sciences. Dates, actions, hardware, persons, scientific discoveries are recorded along with plans, decisions, achievements and preliminary evaluations of results. Samples of public reaction and social impact are included. Sources are identified and an index is provided to aid in tracing related events through the year. The index also serves as a glossary of acronyms and abbreviations.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2023

Increasing the Reach of Low-Income Energy Programmes through Behaviourally Informed Peer Referral

Subsidized energy assistance programmes are a popular policy tool for promoting energy justice, but, like other social benefits programmes, are often undersubscribed. To improve uptake, some programmes have turned to social influence strategies, such as asking programme participants to refer their peers. Here, through a field experiment with California's low-income solar programme (N = 7,676), we show that referral behaviour depends on how existing participants are approached. Adding behavioural science strategies to a referral reward increases peer referral rates, referral quality and ultimately solar adoption. Compared with only reminding existing adopters of a potential US$200 reward for referrals that result in adoption, adding an appeal to reciprocity through a non-contingent US$1 gift - and further combining this gift with a simplified referral process - leads to 2.6-5.2 times as many solar contracts. These results highlight the potential of behaviourally informed peer referral programmes to accelerate equitable access to clean energy.

California↗
DOE OSTI2021

“Thought I’d Share First” and Other Conspiracy Theory Tweets from the COVID-19 Infodemic: Exploratory Study

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has left many people isolated within their homes; these people are turning to social media for news and social connection, which leaves them vulnerable to believing and sharing misinformation. Health-related misinformation threatens adherence to public health messaging, and monitoring its spread on social media is critical to understanding the evolution of ideas that have potentially negative public health impacts. Objective: The aim of this study is to use Twitter data to explore methods to characterize and classify four COVID-19 conspiracy theories and to provide context for each of these conspiracy theories through the first 5 months of the pandemic. Methods: We began with a corpus of COVID-19 tweets (approximately 120 million) spanning late January to early May 2020. We first filtered tweets using regular expressions (n=1.8 million) and used random forest classification models to identify tweets related to four conspiracy theories. Our classified data sets were then used in downstream sentiment analysis and dynamic topic modeling to characterize the linguistic features of COVID-19 conspiracy theories as they evolve over time. Results: Analysis using model-labeled data was beneficial for increasing the proportion of data matching misinformation indicators. Random forest classifier metrics varied across the four conspiracy theories considered (F1 scores between 0.347 and 0.857); this performance increased as the given conspiracy theory was more narrowly defined. We showed that misinformation tweets demonstrate more negative sentiment when compared to non-misinformation tweets and that theories evolve over time, incorporating details from unrelated conspiracy theories as well as real-world events. Conclusions: Although we focus here on health-related misinformation, this combination of approaches is not specific to public health and is valuable for characterizing misinformation in general, which is an important first step in creating targeted messaging to counteract its spread. Initial messaging should aim to preempt generalized misinformation before it becomes widespread, while later messaging will

5g↗
DOE OSTI2023

Deriving spatially explicit direct and indirect interaction networks from animal movement data

Abstract Quantifying spatiotemporally explicit interactions within animal populations facilitates the understanding of social structure and its relationship with ecological processes. Data from animal tracking technologies (Global Positioning Systems [“GPS”]) can circumvent longstanding challenges in the estimation of spatiotemporally explicit interactions, but the discrete nature and coarse temporal resolution of data mean that ephemeral interactions that occur between consecutive GPS locations go undetected. Here, we developed a method to quantify individual and spatial patterns of interaction using continuous‐time movement models (CTMMs) fit to GPS tracking data. We first applied CTMMs to infer the full movement trajectories at an arbitrarily fine temporal scale before estimating interactions, thus allowing inference of interactions occurring between observed GPS locations. Our framework then infers indirect interactions—individuals occurring at the same location, but at different times—while allowing the identification of indirect interactions to vary with ecological context based on CTMM outputs. We assessed the performance of our new method using simulations and illustrated its implementation by deriving disease‐relevant interaction networks for two behaviorally differentiated species, wild pigs ( Sus scrofa ) that can host African Swine Fever and mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus ) that can host chronic wasting disease. Simulations showed that interactions derived from observed GPS data can be substantially underestimated when temporal resolution of movement data exceeds 30‐min intervals. Empirical application suggested that underestimation occurred in both interaction rates and their spatial distributions. CTMM‐Interaction method, which can introduce uncertainties, recovered majority of true interactions. Our method leverages advances in movement ecology to quantify fine‐scale spatiotemporal interactions between individuals from lower temporal resolution GPS data. It can be leveraged to infer dynamic social networks, transmission potential in disease systems, consumer–resource interactions, information sharing, and beyond. The method also sets the stage for future predictive models linking observed spatiotemporal interaction patterns to environmental drivers.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Coast-Urban-Rural Atmospheric Gradient Experiment

Accurately representing the climate and weather variability within cities and providing well-tested representations of the impacts of urban systems on the atmospheric environment are challenges for current earth system models (ESMs). Field data for testing and developing these models are critical to addressing these limitations. The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility will support a field campaign aimed at understanding how different surface-atmosphere interactions around a city are influencing its climate. The Coast-Urban-Rural Atmospheric Gradient Experiment (CoURAGE) is expected to operate from December 2024 to November 2025 in and around Baltimore, Maryland. With its aging infrastructure, growing susceptibility to heat and flooding, and ongoing issues with air and water pollution, Baltimore is characteristic of many large industrial cities in the Eastern United States. ARM, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science user facility, plans to deploy one of its three mobile observatories at Morgan State University’s Clifton Park site in downtown Baltimore. Ancillary ARM sites are also planned for rural Maryland, northwest of the city; and to the southern end of Kent Island in Chesapeake Bay. Data from CoURAGE will complement measurements from the Baltimore Social-Environmental Collaborative (BSEC), one of four DOE Urban Integrated Field Laboratories that will operate in cities across the United States to study urban climate change.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Fungal social barriers: to fuse, or not to fuse, that is the question

Cell fusion takes place in all domains of life and contributes greatly to the formation of complex multicellular structures. In particular, many fungi, such as the filamentous Neurospora crassa, rely on conspecific somatic cell fusion to drive the unicellular-to-multicellular transition and formation of the interconnected mycelial syncytium. This can, however, lead to the transmission of infectious elements and deleterious genotypes that have a negative impact on the organismal fitness. Accumulating evidence obtained from natural populations suggests that N. crassa has evolved various self/non-self or allorecognition systems to avoid fusion between genetically non-identical spores or hyphae at all costs. Here we present an overview of the recent advances made in the field of fungal allorecognition, describe its genetic basis, and comment on its evolutionary meaning. These data pinpoint the multilayered complexity of the cooperative social behaviors undertaken by a model eukaryotic microbe.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Scoping Review of Global Offshore Geologic Carbon Storage Activities

This technical report documents an inventory of offshore geologic carbon storage (GCS) sites globally, with a focus on existing, operating international sites and those characterized in the United States, indicating the type and variety of GCS efforts. Regional overviews provide a high-level understanding of basin-scale geology and history of GCS globally. Key aspects documented in this review include geological formation types, depth, play style, project size, timeline, existing infrastructure, environmental challenges, and potential risks. This review also includes a summary of the regulatory frameworks globally, as well as environmental, social, and commercial considerations.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

CTSA MHRI Datasets

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has collaborated with MedStar Health Research Institute (MHRI) to develop, test, and validate health outcomes using electronic health records (EHRs) from hospitals associated with participating Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA). MHRI, the research organization of MedStar Health (MSH), has a history of initiating projects, both in the laboratory and in the field, that serve the needs of medically underserved and disenfranchised groups. In this document, the ORNL team is providing data curation documentation for the following datasets, which are publicly available: 1. Area Deprivation Index (ADI) 2015 block group; 2. Child Opportunity Index 2015 tract; 3. Low food access 2017 block group; 4. Neighborhood deprivation index 2017 tract; 5. Social Capital Index 2014 county; and, 6. Social Vulnerability Index 2014 tract.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Analysis of mobility data to build contact networks for COVID-19

As social distancing policies and recommendations went into effect in response to COVID-19, people made rapid changes to the places they visit. These changes are clearly seen in mobility data, which records foot traffic using location trackers in cell phones. While mobility data is often used to extract the number of customers that visit a particular business or business type, it is the frequency and duration of concurrent occupancy at those sites that governs transmission. Understanding the way people interact at different locations can help target policies and inform contact tracing and prevention strategies. This paper outlines methods to extract interactions from mobility data and build networks that can be used in epidemiological models. Several measures of interaction are extracted: interactions between people, the cumulative interactions for a single person, and cumulative interactions that occur at particular businesses. Network metrics are computed to identify structural trends which show clear changes based on the timing of stay-at-home orders. Measures of interaction and structural trends in the resulting networks can be used to better understand potential spreading events, the percent of interactions that can be classified as close contacts, and the impact of policy choices to control transmission.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

A Novel Low-Cost Method of Manufacturing Nb3Sn Superconductors with Multiple-Tin-Tube Sources (CRADA FRA-2008-0001 Final Report)

In order to successfully sustain a fusion reaction, peak magnetic fields on the order of 12-13 Tesla will be required. Magnetic fields of this magnitude can only be accomplished by advanced superconductors such as Nb3Sn. However, the economic success of a fusion machine will depend on further improvements in the cost-performance of the Nb3Sn conductor. This project will develop a novel, low-cost, multiple-tin-tube process as a new manufacturing approach for large-scale Nb3Sn-conductor production. The process will be suitable for the efficient production of larger strands (0.83 mm), consistent with ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) specifications. In Phase I, Cu/Nb composites were manufactured and shaped into sub-elements. These sub-elements were tin-coated by electroplating, assembled into a precise-fit restack billet tube, and drawn to 0.83 mm diameter. In Phase II, the process will be scaled-up to full production levels. The improved Nb3Sn conductor should have an immediate benefit for high-field magnet applications. A prototype fusion machine, based on a cost effective Nb3Sn conductor, would have enormous economic and social benefits. In addition, the conductor should be applicable to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which has requirements for use in chemical research, biochemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, polymer science, petroleum research, agricultural chemistry, and medicine. Leszek Motowidlo, Principal Investigator, will be responsible for the overall coordination of the effort. He and others of SupraMagnetics staff will design and fabricate protoype PIT Nb3Sn conductors for evaluation at Fermilab. Emanuela Barzi will be responsible for the Fermilab subcontract and will coordinate and supervise critical current testing Nb3Sn strands and cable fabrication and evaluation.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
NASA NTRS2014

Interdisciplinary Interactions During R&D and Early Design of Large Engineered Systems

Designing Large-Scale Complex Engineered Systems (LaCES) such as aircraft and submarines requires the input of thousands of engineers and scientists whose work is proximate in neither time nor space. Comprehensive knowledge of the system is dispersed among specialists whose expertise is in typically one system component or discipline. This study examined the interactive work practices among such specialists seeking to improve engineering practice through a rigorous and theoretical understanding of current practice. This research explored current interdisciplinary practices and perspectives during R&D and early LaCES design and identified why these practices and perspectives prevail and persist. The research design consisted of a three-fold, integrative approach that combined an open-ended survey, semi-structured interviews, and ethnography. Significant empirical data from experienced engineers and scientists in a large engineering organization were obtained and integrated with theories from organization science and engineering. Qualitative analysis was used to obtain a holistic, contextualized understanding. The over-arching finding is that issues related to cognition, organization, and social interrelations mostly dominate interactions across disciplines. Engineering issues, such as the integration of hardware or physics-based models, are not as significant. For example, organization culture is an important underlying factor that guided researchers more toward individual sovereignty over cross-disciplinarity. The organization structure and the engineered system architecture also serve as constraints to the engineering work. Many differences in work practices were observed, including frequency and depth of interactions, definition or co-construction of requirements, clarity or creation of the system architecture, work group proximity, and cognitive challenges. Practitioners are often unaware of these differences resulting in confusion and incorrect assumptions regarding work expectations. Cognitively, the enactment and coconstruction of knowledge are the fundamental tasks of the interdisciplinary interactions. Distributed and collective cognition represent most of the efforts. Argument, ignorance, learning, and creativity are interrelated aspects of the interactions that cause discomfort but yield benefits such as problem mitigation, broader understanding, and improved system design and performance. The quality and quantity of social interrelations are central to all work across disciplines with reciprocity, respectful engagement, and heedful interrelations being significant to the effectiveness of the engineering and scientific work.

McGowan, Anna-Maria Rivas↗
NASA NTRS2014

Meningitis and Climate: From Science to Practice

Meningococcal meningitis is a climate sensitive infectious disease. The regional extent of the Meningitis Belt in Africa, where the majority of epidemics occur, was originally defined by Lapeysonnie in the 1960s. A combination of climatic and environmental conditions and biological and social factors have been associated to the spatial and temporal patterns of epidemics observed since the disease first emerged in West Africa over a century ago. However, there is still a lack of knowledge and data that would allow disentangling the relative effects of the diverse risk factors upon epidemics. The Meningitis Environmental Risk Information Technologies Initiative (MERIT), a collaborative research-to-practice consortium, seeks to inform national and regional prevention and control strategies across the African Meningitis Belt through the provision of new data and tools that better determine risk factors. In particular MERIT seeks to consolidate a body of knowledge that provides evidence of the contribution of climatic and environmental factors to seasonal and year-to-year variations in meningococcal meningitis incidence at both district and national scales. Here we review recent research and practice seeking to provide useful information for the epidemic response strategy of National Ministries of Health in the Meningitis Belt of Africa. In particular the research and derived tools described in this paper have focused at "getting science into policy and practice" by engaging with practitioner communities under the umbrella of MERIT to ensure the relevance of their work to operational decision-making. We limit our focus to that of reactive vaccination for meningococcal meningitis. Important but external to our discussion is the development and implementation of the new conjugate vaccine, which specifically targets meningococcus A

Mineral dust↗
DOE OSTI2025

input4MIPs.CMIP7.PIK.PIK-CMIP-1-0-0

CMIP7 Forcing Datasets (input4MIPs). This dataset PIK-CMIP-1-0-0 is part of input4MIPs under dataset_category: "['population']". More information about the dataset can be found at the following links: https://github.com/HORIZON-COMPASS/Exposure-and-vulnerability-modelling https://input4mips-controlled-vocabularies-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/database-views/input4MIPs_source-id_CMIP7.html https://input4mips-controlled-vocabularies-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/dataset-overviews/ The dataset is available at: https://esgf-node.ornl.gov/search/input4mips/?mip_era=CMIP7&activity_id=input4MIPs&institution_id=PIK&source_id=PIK-CMIP-1-0-0

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2012

Exploring Remote Sensing Products Online with Giovanni for Studying Urbanization

Recently, a Large amount of MODIS land products at multi-spatial resolutions have been integrated into the online system, Giovanni, to support studies on land cover and land use changes focused on Northern Eurasia and Monsoon Asia regions. Giovanni (Goddard Interactive Online Visualization ANd aNalysis Infrastructure) is a Web-based application developed by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES-DISC) providing a simple and intuitive way to visualize, analyze, and access Earth science remotely-sensed and modeled data. The customized Giovanni Web portals (Giovanni-NEESPI and Giovanni-MAIRS) are created to integrate land, atmospheric, cryospheric, and social products, that enable researchers to do quick exploration and basic analyses of land surface changes and their relationships to climate at global and regional scales. This presentation documents MODIS land surface products in Giovanni system. As examples, images and statistical analysis results on land surface and local climate changes associated with urbanization over Yangtze River Delta region, China, using data in Giovanni are shown.

Shen, Suhung↗