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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 325 records · Page 18
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

DuraMAT FY24 Annual Report: Five Results to Help America's Photovoltaic Industry

The Durable Module Materials Consortium's overarching goal is to understand photovoltaic (PV) module degradation and enable high-energy-yield modules with a 50-year lifespan. One of DuraMAT's milestones this year was to identify cases where the whole of DuraMAT really mattered and made an impact that was greater than the sum of the project results. We identified five key results that demonstrate progress toward enabling 50-year modules for a resilient PV industry: 1) Resilient PV Systems; 2) Proactive Materials Screening; 3) Understanding Wear-Out; 4) Identifying Which Cracks Matter; and 5) Software Tools and Data Resources This annual report summarizes these key results, as well as reviewing our other ongoing work in fiscal year 2024.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2017

Evaluation of CHO Benchmarks on the Arria 10 FPGA using Intel FPGA SDK for OpenCL

The OpenCL standard is an open programming model for accelerating algorithms on heterogeneous computing system. OpenCL extends the C-based programming language for developing portable codes on different platforms such as CPU, Graphics processing units (GPUs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) and Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). The Intel FPGA SDK for OpenCL is a suite of tools that allows developers to abstract away the complex FPGA-based development flow for a high-level software development flow. Users can focus on the design of hardware-accelerated kernel functions in OpenCL and then direct the tools to generate the low-level FPGA implementations. The approach makes the FPGA-based development more accessible to software users as the needs for hybrid computing using CPUs and FPGAs are increasing. It can also significantly reduce the hardware development time as users can evaluate different ideas with high-level language without deep FPGA domain knowledge. Benchmarking of OpenCL-based framework is an effective way for analyzing the performance of system by studying the execution of the benchmark applications. CHO is a suite of benchmark applications that provides support for OpenCL [1]. The authors presented CHO as an OpenCL port of the CHStone benchmark. Using Altera OpenCL (AOCL) compiler to synthesize the benchmark applications, they listed the resource usage and performance of each kernel that can be successfully synthesized by the compiler. In this report, we evaluate the resource usage and performance of the CHO benchmark applications using the Intel FPGA SDK for OpenCL and Nallatech 385A FPGA board that features an Arria 10 FPGA device. The focus of the report is to have a better understanding of the resource usage and performance of the kernel implementations using Arria-10 FPGA devices compared to Stratix-5 FPGA devices. In addition, we also gain knowledge about the limitations of the current compiler when it fails to synthesize a benchmark application.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Assessing fossil fuel CO 2 emissions in California using atmospheric observations and models

Analysis systems incorporating atmospheric observations could provide a powerful tool for validating fossil fuel CO 2 (ffCO 2 ) emissions reported for individual regions, provided that fossil fuel sources can be separated from other CO 2 sources or sinks and atmospheric transport can be accurately accounted for. We quantified ffCO 2 by measuring radiocarbon ( 14 C) in CO 2 , an accurate fossil-carbon tracer, at nine observation sites in California for three months in 2014-15. There is strong agreement between the measurements and ffCO 2 simulated using a high-resolution atmospheric model and a spatiotemporally-resolved fossil fuel flux estimate. Inverse estimates of total in-state ffCO 2 emissions are consistent with the California Air Resources Board's reported ffCO 2 emissions, providing tentative validation of California's reported ffCO 2 emissions in 2014-15. Continuing this prototype analysis system could provide critical independent evaluation of reported ffCO 2 emissions and emissions reductions in California, and the system could be expanded to other, more data-poor regions.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2016

CASL Verification and Validation Plan

This report documents the Consortium for Advanced Simulation of LWRs (CASL) verification and validation plan. The document builds upon input from CASL subject matter experts, most notably the CASL Challenge Problem Product Integrators, CASL Focus Area leaders, and CASL code development and assessment teams. This document will be a living document that will track progress on CASL to do verification and validation for both the CASL codes (including MPACT, CTF, BISON, MAMBA) and for the CASL challenge problems (CIPS, PCI, DNB). The CASL codes and the CASL challenge problems are at differing levels of maturity with respect to validation and verification. The gap analysis will summarize additional work that needs to be done. Additional VVUQ work will be done as resources permit. This report is prepared for the Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) CASL program in support of milestone CASL.P13.02.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

2021 Summer Resource Adequacy in the ERCOT Region

This report is an update to the NETL report on the same topic that examined the potential system performance of the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) system during the summer of 2020. Anticipated reserve margins in ERCOT have risen year-over-year from the 10.7 percent reported in ERCOT’s Final Seasonal Assessment of Resource Adequacy (SARA) for Summer 2020 to 15.7 percent for Summer 2021 in ERCOT’s Capacity, Demand and Reserves [CDR] report published in December 2020 and 2021 Summer Preliminary SARA published in March 2021. Using data from ERCOT’s 2021 Summer SARA, CDR, and historical performance data, six economic dispatch scenarios using PROMOD were developed to assess the risk to ERCOT of a load shedding event for Summer 2021. The results suggest that ERCOT could make it through the summer season without a loss of load event, as long as the weather remains normal. However, through a combination of scenarios, including increased demand, increased forced outages, and low wind output, ERCOT is likely to find itself operating in emergency conditions.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2022

2022 Summer Resource Adequacy in the ERCOT Region

This report is a 2022 update to the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) report that examined the potential system performance of the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) system during the summer of 2021. Anticipated summer reserve margins in ERCOT have risen year-over-year from the 15.7 percent reported in ERCOT’s Final Seasonal Assessment of Resource Adequacy (SARA) for Summer 2021 to 22.8 percent in the Final SARA for Summer 2022, driven mostly by increases in wind and solar generation. Using data from ERCOT’s 2022 Summer SARA, Capacity, Demand and Reserves (CDR) reports, and historical performance data obtained from ERCOT and Hitachi Energy Velocity Suite, six economic dispatch scenarios using PROMOD were developed to assess the risk to ERCOT of a load shedding event for Summer 2022. The results suggests that ERCOT may be facing a very tight resource adequacy situation, with the potential for a serious shortfall during the summer peak, usually the end of July through mid-August, if demand and generator outage rates significantly exceed peak levels. Under these conditions, ERCOT will need to call on its operating tools, including Energy Emergency Alerts (EEA) and calls to conserve electricity, to maintain reliability and continue serving load. Those measures alone may not be sufficient to avert a shedding of load.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
NASA NTRS1994

Electronic document distribution: Design of the anonymous FTP Langley Technical Report Server

An experimental electronic dissemination project, the Langley Technical Report Server (LTRS), has been undertaken to determine the feasibility of delivering Langley technical reports directly to the desktops of researchers worldwide. During the first six months, over 4700 accesses occurred and over 2400 technical reports were distributed. This usage indicates the high level of interest that researchers have in performing literature searches and retrieving technical reports at their desktops. The initial system was developed with existing resources and technology. The reports are stored as files on an inexpensive UNIX workstation and are accessible over the Internet. This project will serve as a foundation for ongoing projects at other NASA centers that will allow for greater access to NASA technical reports.

Nelson, Michael L.↗
NASA NTRS1972

ERISTAR: Earth Resources Information Storage, Transformation, Analysis, and Retrieval administrative report

The 1972 Systems Engineering program at Marshall Space Flight Center where 15 participants representing 15 U.S. universities, 1 NASA/MSFC employee, and another specially assigned faculty member, participated in an 11-week program is discussed. The Fellows became acquainted with the philosophy of systems engineering, and as a training exercise, used this approach to produce a conceptional design for an Earth Resources Information Storage, Transformation, Analysis, and Retrieval System. The program was conducted in three phases; approximately 3 weeks were devoted to seminars, tours, and other presentations to subject the participants to technical and other aspects of the information management problem. The second phase, 5 weeks in length, consisted of evaluating alternative solutions to problems, effecting initial trade-offs and performing preliminary design studies and analyses. The last 3 weeks were occupied with final trade-off sessions, final design analyses and preparation of a final report and oral presentation.

Vachon, R. I.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quantitative Low-Field 19 F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis of Carbonyl Groups in Pyrolysis Oils

Pyrolysis bio-oils, one of the products of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis, have the potential to be widely used as fuels. The chemical composition of bio-oils is very complicated as they contain hundreds, if not thousands, of different, mostly oxygen-containing, compounds with a wide distribution of physical properties, chemical structures, and concentrations. Detailed knowledge of bio-oil composition is crucial for optimizing both the pyrolysis processes and for any subsequent upgrading into a more viable fuel resource. Here we report the successful use of low-field, or benchtop, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers in the analysis of pyrolysis oils. Pyrolysis oils from four different feedstocks were derivatized and analyzed using 19 F NMR techniques. The NMR results compare favorably with titrations for total carbonyl content. In addition, the benchtop NMR spectrometer proves able to reveal key spectral features, thus allowing the quantification of different carbonyl groups, such as aldehydes, ketones and quinones. Benchtop NMR spectrometers are typically compact, cheaper than their superconducting counterparts and do not require cryogens. Their use will make NMR analysis of pyrolysis oils easier and more accessible to a wide range of different potential users.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Effects of support and promoter on Ru catalyst activity in microwave-assisted ammonia synthesis

Microwave-assisted ammonia synthesis is a promising alternative to the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process, specially at small- and medium-scale with renewable H 2 as resource. Here, we report that Cs promoted Ru/CeO 2 catalyst exhibits considerable activity at 533 K and ambient pressure. In this work, the combined theoretical and experimental approaches are adopted to optimize the electronic and geometric structures of Ru on the catalysts. Both DFT modeling work and structural characterization show that the strong interaction between Ru and CeO 2 results in the formation of highly dispersed Ru particles favoring ammonia synthesis. The higher electron donating ability of CeO 2 and lower electronegativity of Cs promoter result in higher electron density on Ru reducing the N≡N dissociation barrier. Finally, the work demonstrates the potential of microwave-assisted catalytic process in activating stable molecules for ammonia synthesis.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Distributed Machine Learning Workflow with PanDA and iDDS in LHC ATLAS

Machine Learning (ML) has become one of the important tools for High Energy Physics analysis. As the size of the dataset increases at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and at the same time the search spaces become bigger and bigger in order to exploit the physics potentials, more and more computing resources are required for processing these ML tasks. In addition, complex advanced ML workflows are developed in which one task may depend on the results of previous tasks. How to make use of vast distributed CPUs/GPUs in WLCG for these big complex ML tasks has become a popular research area. In this paper, we present our efforts enabling the execution of distributed ML workflows on the Production and Distributed Analysis (PanDA) system and intelligent Data Delivery Service (iDDS). First, we describe how PanDA and iDDS deal with large-scale ML workflows, including the implementation to process workloads on diverse and geographically distributed computing resources. Next, we report real-world use cases, such as HyperParameter Optimization, Monte Carlo Toy confidence limits calculation, and Active Learning. Finally, we conclude with future plans.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Reproducibility of real-time time-dependent density functional theory calculations of electronic stopping power in warm dense matter

Real-time time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is widely considered to be the most accurate available method for calculating electronic stopping powers from first principles, but there have been relatively few assessments of the consistency of its predictions across different implementations. This problem is particularly acute in the warm dense regime, where computational costs are high and experimental validation is rare and resource intensive. We report a comprehensive cross-verification of stopping power calculations in conditions relevant to inertial confinement fusion conducted using four different TDDFT implementations. We find excellent agreement among both the post-processed stopping powers and relevant time-resolved quantities for alpha particles in warm dense hydrogen. We also analyze sensitivities to a wide range of methodological details, including the exchange-correlation model, pseudopotentials, initial conditions, observable from which the stopping power is extracted, averaging procedures, projectile trajectory, and finite-size effects. We show that among these details, pseudopotentials, trajectory-dependence, and finite-size effects have the strongest influence, and we discuss different strategies for controlling the latter two considerations.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2017

Toward Exascale Earthquake Ground Motion Simulations for Near-Fault Engineering Analysis

Modernizing SW4 for massively parallel time-domain simulations of earthquake ground motions in 3D earth models increases resolution and provides ground motion estimates for critical infrastructure risk evaluations. Simulations of ground motions from large (M ≥ 7.0) earthquakes require domains on the order of 100 to500 km and spatial granularity on the order of 1 to5 m resulting in hundreds of billions of grid points. Surface-focused structured mesh refinement (SMR) allows for more constant grid point per wavelength scaling in typical Earth models, where wavespeeds increase with depth. In fact, MR allows for simulations to double the frequency content relative to a fixed grid calculation on a given resource. The authors report improvements to the SW4 algorithm developed while porting the code to the Cori Phase 2 (Intel Xeon Phi) systems at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. As a result, investigations of the performance of the innermost loop of the calculations found that reorganizing the order of operations can improve performance for massive problems.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Simulation-based Testing of Control Software

It is impossible to adequately test complex software by examining its operation in a physical prototype of the system monitored. Adequate test coverage can require millions of test cases, and the cost of equipment prototypes combined with the real-time constraints of testing with them makes it infeasible to sample more than a small number of these tests. Model based testing seeks to avoid this problem by allowing for large numbers of relatively inexpensive virtual prototypes that operate in simulation time at a speed limited only by the available computing resources. In this report, we describe how a computer system emulator can be used as part of a model based testing environment; specifically, we show that a complete software stack including operating system and application software - can be deployed within a simulated environment, and that these simulations can proceed as fast as possible. To illustrate this approach to model based testing, we describe how it is being used to test several building control systems that act to coordinate air conditioning loads for the purpose of reducing peak demand. These tests involve the use of ADEVS (A Discrete Event System Simulator) and QEMU (Quick Emulator) to host the operational software within the simulation, and a building model developed with the MODELICA programming language using Buildings Library and packaged as an FMU (Functional Mock-up Unit) that serves as the virtual test environment.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2021

SIRIUS: Science-Driven Data Management for Multi-Tiered Storage

The data sets being generated by large applications on very large-scale systems are increasing in both size and complexity. At the same time, there are new ways available to store and access these data sets. The goal in this project is to develop software that applications can use to make use of new and existing storage technologies in more sophisticated ways. One challenge in scientific data management is handling ‘hot’ vs ‘cold’ data. Data that is hot is data that is needed (or will be needed soon) in order for the program to continue progressing, while cold data is either output (and so will not be need further during the life of the program) or will not be needed until significantly later in the program’s run. Hot data should be stored in a way that allows fast access. On most systems, economic factors lead to an inverse relationship between storage performance and storage capacity and so fast access storage is limited. This makes it important to correctly place hot and cold data and avoid cold data unnecessarily consuming precious resources. In this reporting period, we addressed this challenge in various ways and at various levels. Data management frameworks offer only limited control to applications in how data is stored. We have added software capabilities for seamlessly moving data between layers of the storage technology using promote and demote functions to existing software frameworks. This gives direct control to applications in deciding what priority data receives. Additionally, we integrated different storage layer management frameworks in order to allow data to be exchanged and moved between storage layers in a consistent way across the application. Further, applications are not always able to directly decide what storage level makes sense for a given piece of data without an understanding of the underlying storage technologies. Data storage frameworks are often positioned to make these sorts of decisions in service of the application. We have added machine-learning based capabilities to data staging frameworks in order to make intelligent decisions about where data should be stored given learning about patterns in previous usage of similar data.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Development of a Regional Roadmap for Source Network and Storage Deployment for CarbonSAFE Illinois - Macon County (Task 10)

Research documented in this report includes (1) resource estimates for the Lower Mt. Simon Sandstone in the Illinois Basin, including storage and cost estimates, and (2) regional roadmaps for carbon capture and storage (CCS) deployment using five capture facilities throughout the Illinois Basin: Archer Daniels Midland Decatur (ADM Decatur), Abbott Power Plant, City Water, Light, and Power (CWLP), One Earth Energy, and Prairie State Energy Campus (PSEC). Resource estimates were developed using the Sequestration of CO 2 Tool (SCO2T) and data provided by the Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS), and regional roadmaps for CCS deployment were developed in SimCCS Gateway, a decision-support tool for designing CCS infrastructure.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗