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At least 325 records · Page 18
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

147 Sm Neutron Capture Cross Section and Resonances

Measurement of ( n,γ ) cross sections measurements are of high importance to many fields such as radiochemical diagnostics, technical nuclear forensics, nuclear physics and astrophysics, nuclear criticality safety, advanced reactors, and isotope production. For these applications an accurate characterization of the resonances in the resolved resonance region is important. In the energy range of the resonance region neutron capture, and scattering are possible so the total resonance width Γ is the sum of the gamma and neutron widths Γ = Γ γ +Γ n .

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2026

SQUID Readout of a High-$Q$ Superconducting $LC$ Resonator

We demonstrate the readout of a superconducting $LC$ resonator, with $Q \approx 2 \times 10^{6}$ at approximately 250 kHz, using a dc SQUID followed by a SQUID series-array amplifier readout chain. We find that $Q$ depends on the SQUID flux-bias point, increasing near the shallow-slope point of the SQUID modulation curve and decreasing near the steep-slope point, consistent with the previously observed SQUID damping effects. From this variation, we infer the SQUID effective input impedance. We further infer the effective temperature of the resonator circuit from the resonance peak in the noise spectrum and show that it also depends on the SQUID flux-bias point, suggesting a possible contribution from SQUID back-action noise. This system provides a working prototype for future experiments based on lumped-element resonators with SQUID readout, in particular low-mass axion searches within the DMRadio program.

FOS: Physical sciences↗
DOE OSTI2021

Search for Q ~0 Order near a Forbidden Bragg Position in Bi 2.1 Sr 1.9 CaCu 2 O 8+x with Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering

Identifying what broken symmetries are present in the cuprates has become a major area of research. Many authors have reported evidence for so-called “Q ~ 0” order that involves broken inversion, mirror, chiral, or time-reversal symmetry that is uniform in space. Not all these observations are well understood and new experimental probes are needed. Here we use resonant soft x-ray scattering (RSXS) to search for Q ~ 0 order in Bi 2.1 Sr 1.9 CaCu 2 O 8+x (Bi-2212) by measuring the region of a forbidden Bragg peak, (0,0,3), which is normally extinguished by symmetry but may become allowed on resonance if valence band order is present. Using circularly polarized light, we found that this reflection becomes allowed on the CuL 3 resonance for temperatures T c < T < T*, though remains absent in linear polarization and at other temperatures. This observation suggests the existence of spatially uniform valence band order near the pseudogap temperature. In addition, we observed periodic oscillations in the specular reflectivity from the sample surface that resemble thin film interference fringes, though no known film is present. These fringes are highly resonant, appear in all polarizations, and exhibit a period that depends on the location where the beam strikes the sample surface. We speculate that these fringes arise from interaction between some intrinsic valence band instability and extrinsic structural surface morphologies of the material. Our study supports the existence of some kind of Q ~ 0 broken symmetry state in Bi-2212 at intermediate temperatures. Further studies using a microfocused beam, which could disentangle microscopic effects from macroscopic heterogeneities, are needed to ascertain the universality of the effect.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2021

Resonance-enhanced compact nonlinear acoustic source of low frequency collimated beam for imaging applications in highly attenuating media

Acoustic signal sources include acoustic resonators that include acoustic nonlinear materials. Acoustic signals at higher frequencies are mixed in the nonlinear materials to produce a lower frequency acoustic signal. Resonance provides increased efficiency in producing acoustic signals at difference frequencies corresponding to resonance frequencies. Higher frequency acoustic signals used in nonlinear mixing are preferably at frequencies corresponding to resonance frequencies as well.

Pantea, Cristian↗
DOE OSTI2021

Additively manufactured locally resonant interpenetrating lattice structure

A method and apparatus for attenuating acoustic waves is provided. A lattice is formed with a plurality of support struts. A plurality of resonating struts are formed extending between the support struts, wherein the resonating struts are configured to attenuate acoustic waves within a predetermined range of frequencies while allowing acoustic waves outside the predetermined range of frequencies to pass through the resonant structure unattenuated. The resonant structure is interposed between two bodies to isolate one body from acoustic waves from the other body over the predetermined range of frequencies.

Hammetter, Chris↗
DOE OSTI2021

3D superconducting radio-frequency resonators for quantum computing

Superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) technology is being used not only in discovery science programs and basic research but also for several applications that benefit society more directly. The advantage of superconducting resonators over those made of normal-conducting metal is their ability to store electromagnetic energy with much lower dissipation. The high quality factor and longer dissipation time provided by these superconducting resonators can deliver superior performance. Currently, the quantum processing architecture uses resonators and interconnecting circuits operating in the microwave regime with superconducting strip-line technology and low noise electronic devices for switching and communication. The performance of these devices can be enhanced by embedding them in 3D SRF cavity resonators to prolong the coherence time, which improves the utility of the device by reducing error rates and allowing more manipulations (calculations) before the quantum state decays. In this presentation, I will review the current technology and progress towards the three dimensional SRF cavities to enhance the coherence time.

Dhakal, Pashupati↗
DOE OSTI2023

Search for Resonant WZ Production in the Fully Leptonic Final State at 13 TeV With the CMS Detector

A search for an electrically charged, narrow-width diboson (WZ) resonance in the fully leptonic final state using 137:65 fb?1 of data collected by the CMS experiment during the 2016-2018 run period, at the LHC and a center of mass energy of p s = 13 TeV is presented. The search focuses on a channel where the resonance decays to a pair of standard model vector bosons: W and Z. The Z boson subsequently decays to a pair of leptons, either electrons (e) or muons (?). While the W boson decays to a lepton and a neutrino (?). As ? escapes undetected, the neutrino is reconstructed from the missing transverse momentum (Pmisst ) of the event. The analysis is based on a bump-hunt search strategy with background estimation based on stochastically generated simulation events. No significant excess of events is observed above the expected background from the Standard Model and limits are set on the production cross-section of the diboson resonance as a function of the resonance mass at 95% confidence level. Results are interpreted in the context of the Heavy Vector Triplet (HVT) framework.

Hernandez, Andres Vargas↗
DOE OSTI2024

Third-integer Resonant Extraction Regulation System for Mu2e

A third-integer resonant slow extraction system is being developed for Fermilab's Delivery Ring to deliver protons to the upcoming Mu2e experiment. The timescale of the extraction (or spill) duration is 43 milliseconds, which is extremely short and unprecedented. Additionally, the experiment's strict and challenging requirements on the quality of the spill at this time scale has led to the development of a new Spill Regulation System (SRS) design. The SRS primarily consists of three components - slow regulation, fast regulation, and harmonic content suppressor. Contributions to the first two components of the SRS, i.e., Slow Regulation and Fast Regulation subsystems, will be presented in which new adaptive learning algorithm schemes for the slow regulation of the spill -- validated using particle tracking simulations -- shall be described. In addition to these novel methods for the enhancement of the spill regulation system, results of employing Machine Learning in enhancing the performance of the resonant extraction are also presented. At the forefront of applying ML techniques to solve non-linear accelerator control problems, this work includes optimizing the PID gains as well as the replacement of the traditional PID controller using Recurrent Neural Networks and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) ML models to achieve efficiencies greater than a PID controller. Cutting-edge on-going Reinforcement Learning efforts, including an actor-critic family of learning algorithms, to regulate the spill rate will be reviewed, as well as present analytical calculations pertaining the transit time of particles in a third-integer resonant extraction. Detailed numerical investigations and validations of such calculations, the model of which could be exported and reliably used in future analytical modeling of any resonant extraction, are discussed.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

A tunable dielectric resonator for axion searches at 11 GHz

In the context of axion search with haloscopes, tunable cavity resonators with high quality factor and high effective volume at frequencies above about 8 GHz are central for probing the axion-photon coupling with the required sensitivity to reach the QCD axion models. Higher order modes in dielectrically-loaded cavities allow for higher effective volumes and larger quality factors compared to basic cylindrical cavities, but a proper cavity frequency tuning mechanism to probe broad axion mass ranges is yet not available. In this work, we report about the design and construction of a tunable prototype of a single-shell dielectric resonator with its axion-sensitive pseudo-TM$_{030}$ high-order mode at about 11 GHz frequency. A clamshell tuning method previously tested for empty cylindrical resonators has been perfected for this geometry through simulations and in situ tests conducted at cryogenic temperature. Tuning is accomplished in a range of about 2 $\%$ the central frequency, without significantly impacting the quality factor of about 175000. The experimental results presented in this work demonstrate the tunability of this type of resonator, definitely confirming its applicability to high frequency axion searches.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2024

Multi-resonant switched capacitor power converter architecture

A switched-capacitor (SC) network in an SC converter is controlled to operate at varying resonant modes to achieve high conversion ratio efficiency, at a low circuit component count. These power converters are suited to numerous application areas including improving energy efficiency of data centers. A family of resonant switched capacitor (SC) converters with multiple operating phases are presented “Multi-Resonant SC Converters”. Described in detail are an 8-to-1 Multi-Resonant-Doubler (MRD) converter and a 6-to-1 Cascaded Series-Parallel (CaSP). The topology of these converters make them amenable to combining like units in parallel toward reaching higher power levels.

Ye, Zichao↗
DOE OSTI2025

Toward the Development of Molten Salt Reactor Diagnostics based on Resonantly Enhanced Laser Spectroscopy

One emerging concern within the safeguards community is how to best ensure compliance with nuclear security regulations within molten salt reactor (MSR) facilities. This problem is nontrivial as molten salts used for fuel or coolant are highly corrosive, chemically complex, and inherently require high operational temperatures. Laser spectroscopy methods such as laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) have previously been suggested for molten salt diagnostics due to their compatibility with liquid phase samples and potential for in-situ measurements [1]. In the former, the laser is used to ionize the sample, allowing for the characteristic light from electronic de-excitation as the resultant plasma cools to be used for material characterization. In the latter, a tunable light source is set be resonant with a specific transition, resulting in element specific excitation and the emission of fluorescence light. In our previous work [2], we demonstrated that LIF could be used for the detection of fission fragments such as Nd in solution through the separation of laser scatter and fluorescence within the time domain. Here, we present progress towards two alternate measurement schemes: LIF measurements based on spectroscopic discrimination of fluorescence emissions and resonant LIBS measurements that induce plasma using a light source set to the resonant frequency of a specific electronic transition. Both methods aim to exploit resonant excitation methods to enhance the emitted signal. The studies may provide routes for element-specific detection of constituents within complicated matrices and a means to better understand the chemical behavior of lanthanides and actinides relevant to MSRs.

98 - NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL↗
DOE OSTI2026

Strong-Drive Limits in Josephson Circuits: From Chaos to an Unbound-Resonance Threshold

Strong microwave drives enable fast measurement and parametric control in superconducting circuits but can induce transitions out of the intended low-energy manifold. We develop a unified description of strong-drive limits in flux- and charge-driven Josephson circuits across drive frequency and dc flux bias. Using classical phase-space analysis and Floquet--Markov simulations, we identify distinct low- and high-frequency mechanisms. At low frequency, we characterize bound-state resonances and separatrix chaos and find that the flux-drive chaos threshold depends strongly on dc flux bias. At high frequency, these mechanisms are suppressed, and the dissipative steady state transfers from the central bound-state sector to outer resonances formed by above-barrier running trajectories. The resulting unbound-resonance threshold is nearly independent of drive frequency and circuit parameters over the regime studied and is controlled primarily by dc flux bias. Coherent simulations show that parametric operation persists beyond this threshold, but at a reduced rate, setting an effective upper bound on the achievable operation speed. We derive analytical criteria for both thresholds, validate them numerically, and experimentally confirm the predicted dc-bias dependence of the low-frequency threshold in a flux-driven SQUID. We also determine the timescales for transfer into the unbound-resonance regime and relaxation back to the bound-state manifold after the drive is removed. Finally, we relate the stability limits to a complementary picture based on the junction critical current and extend the framework to multitone drives and inductively shunted circuits. Together, these results identify the mechanisms limiting strong driving and suggest routes to extend the stable operating range of Josephson circuits.

You, Xinyuan [Fermilab] (ORCID:0000000291789419)↗
DOE OSTI2022

Specific resonance mode enhancement and suppression using non-uniform polarization of piezoelectric wafers: Theory and experiments

In this work, we present experimental demonstration of specific resonance mode enhancement and suppression in circular and rectangular piezoelectric wafers with engineered non-uniform polarization profiles. The polarization profiles are designed based on the electromechanical impedance response of non-uniformly polarized wafers as obtained from the theory. The circular wafers are fabricated with non-uniform polarization profiles that involve a central polarized region surrounded by an unpolarized region. The radius of the polarization zone is designed based on the condition for specific mode enhancement obtained from the electromechanical impedance response of non-uniformly polarized wafers. We actually show how the condition can not only be used to enhance but also to suppress electromechanical resonances. Two kinds of wafers are designed and fabricated to specifically suppress second and third radial modes respectively. Similarly, rectangular wafers are designed with two different kinds of non-uniform polarization profiles — the first of which enhances the second in-plane extensional mode in the impedance spectrum and the second polarization profile suppresses all the electromechanical resonances pertaining to the in-plane extensional modes and selectively excites only the in-plane bending modes. The proposed approach of using non-uniformly polarized wafers finds application in designing multi-frequency sensors/transducers, frequency-tuned receivers, acoustic beamforming, and other non-traditional applications such as information storage.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Optical Bound States in the Continuum Enabled by Magnetic Resonances Coupled to a Mirror

Dielectric metasurfaces made of high refractive index and low optical loss materials have emerged as promising platforms to achieve high-quality factor modes enabling strong light–matter interaction. Bound states in the continuum have shown potential to demonstrate narrow spectral resonances but often require asymmetric geometry and typically feature strong polarization dependence, complicating fabrication and limiting practical applications. Here, we introduce a novel approach for designing high-quality bound states in the continuum using magnetic dipole resonances coupled to a mirror. The resulting metasurface has simple geometric parameters requiring no broken symmetry. To demonstrate the unique features of our photonic platform we show a record-breaking third harmonic generation efficiency from the metasurface benefiting from the strongly enhanced electric field at high-quality resonances. Our approach mitigates the shortcomings of previous platforms with simple geometry enabling facile and large-area fabrication of metasurfaces paving the way for applications in optical sensing, detection, quantum photonics, and nonlinear devices.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Electrical Control of Magnetic Resonance in Phase Change Materials

Metal–insulator transitions (MITs) in resistive switching materials can be triggered by an electric stimulus that produces significant changes in the electrical response. When these phases have distinct magnetic characteristics, dramatic changes in the spin excitations are also expected. The transition metal oxide La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 (LSMO) is a ferromagnetic metal at low temperatures and a paramagnetic insulator above room temperature. When LSMO is in its metallic phase, a critical electrical bias has been shown to lead to an MIT that results in the formation of a paramagnetic resistive barrier transverse to the applied electric field. Using spin-transfer ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we show that even for electrical biases less than the critical value that triggers the MIT, there is magnetic phase separation, with the spin-excitation resonances varying systematically with applied bias. Therefore, voltage-triggered MITs in LSMO can alter magnetic resonance characteristics, offering an effective method for tuning synaptic weights in neuromorphic circuits.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

A Method of Moments Wide Band Adaptive Rational Interpolation Method for High-Quality Factor Resonant Cavities

A new adaptive rational interpolation method is proposed to obtain the wideband frequency response of a resonant cavity simulated with the method of moments (MoM). This interpolation method uses both the Loewner matrix to construct a rational expression for the solution vector of MoM’s matrix system and an error estimator generated by the solution vectors and their derivatives. This error estimator is implemented in the adaptive procedure to gain a minimum set of frequencies and solution vectors required in the interpolation. The resulting set of frequencies and solution vectors is applied to interpolate other system variables, such as shielding effectiveness and input impedance. Here numerical results of a slotted cylindrical cavity supporting high-quality factor resonances are presented, showing that the new rational interpolation method is accurate and efficient in interpolating the complicated resonant response of the solution vector functions.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Revisiting Reentry Roll Resonance

Here, this paper revisits the subject of reentry roll resonance, which occurs when the roll rate and pitch frequency become equal in a spinning reentry vehicle. A first-principles model is developed and analyzed numerically and by using a reduced-order pendulum model for the relative phase of the roll and pitch/yaw axes. The results show good qualitative agreement with recent flight data and provide a natural physical interpretation. Based on the model it is suggested that sustained roll resonance depends primarily on the initial phase relationship between the pitch and roll axes, in addition to the vehicle moments of inertia and the vehicle symmetry. Finally the model is used to propose a mechanism for sustained resonance in vehicles spinning about a major axis, a condition previously thought to be forbidden.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Search for dijet resonances with data scouting in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV

A search is presented for narrow resonances, with a mass between 0.6 and 1.8 TeV, decaying to pairs of jets, in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV. The search is performed using dijets that are reconstructed, selected, and recorded in a compact form by the high-level trigger in a technique referred to as “data scouting”, from data collected in 2016–2018 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 117 fb −1 . The dijet mass spectra are well described by a smooth parameterization, and no significant evidence for the production of new particles is observed. Model-independent upper limits are presented on the product of the cross section, branching fraction, and acceptance for the individual cases of narrow quark-quark, quark-gluon, and gluon-gluon resonances, and are compared to the predictions from a variety of models of narrow dijet resonance production. The upper limit on the coupling of a dark matter mediator to quarks is presented as a function of the mediator mass. The sensitivity of this search goes beyond what is expected from statistical scaling with the integrated luminosity alone, as a consequence of the use of fewer parameters in the background function within a more robust statistical procedure.

beyond Standard Model↗