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At least 325 records · Page 18

Drell-Yan q T resummation of fiducial power corrections at N 3 LL

We consider Drell-Yan production pp → V*X → LX at small q T << Q, where q T and Q are the total transverse momentum and invariant mass of the leptonic final state L. Experimental measurements require fiducial cuts on L, which in general introduce enhanced, linear power corrections in q T /Q. We show that they can be unambiguously predicted from factorization, and resummed to the same order as the leading-power contribution. For the fiducial q T spectrum, they constitute the complete linear power corrections. We thus obtain predictions for the fiducial q T spectrum to N 3 LL and next-to-leading-power in q T /Q. Matching to full NNLO ($α$$^{2}_{s}$), we find that the linear power corrections are indeed the dominant ones, and once included by factorization, the remaining fixed-order corrections become almost negligible below q T ≲ 40 GeV. We also discuss the implications for more complicated observables, and provide predictions for the fiducial Φ* spectrum at N 3 LL+NNLO. We find excellent agreement with ATLAS and CMS measurements of q T and Φ*. We also consider the $p$$^{ℓ}_{T}$ spectrum. We show that it develops leptonic power corrections in q T /(Q – 2$p$$^{ℓ}_{T}$), which diverge near the Jacobian peak $p$$^{ℓ}_{T}$ ~ Q/2 and must be kept to all powers to obtain a meaningful result there. Doing so, we obtain for the first time an analytically resummed result for the $p$$^{ℓ}_{T}$ spectrum around the Jacobian peak at N 3 LL+NNLO. Our method is based on performing a complete tensor decomposition for hadronic and leptonic tensors. We show that in practice this is equivalent to often-used recoil prescriptions, for which our results now provide rigorous, formal justification. Our tensor decomposition yields nine Lorentz-scalar hadronic structure functions, which for Z/γ* → ℓℓ or W → ℓν directly map onto the commonly used angular coefficients, but also holds for arbitrary leptonic final states. In particular, for suitably defined Born-projected leptons it still yields a LO-like angular decomposition even when including QED final-state radiation. Finally, we also discuss the application to q T subtractions. Including the unambiguously predicted fiducial power corrections significantly improves their performance, and in particular makes them applicable near kinematic edges where they otherwise break down due to large leptonic power corrections.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for jet quenching effects in high-multiplicity pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV via di-jet acoplanarity

The ALICE Collaboration reports a search for jet quenching effects in high-multiplicity (HM) proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV, using the semi-inclusive azimuthal-difference distribution Δφ of charged-particle jets recoiling from a high transverse momentum (high-p T,trig ) trigger hadron. Jet quenching may broaden the Δφ distribution measured in HM events compared to that in minimum bias (MB) events. The measurement employs a p T,trig -differential observable for data-driven suppression of the contribution of multiple partonic interactions, which is the dominant background. While azimuthal broadening is indeed observed in HM compared to MB events, similar broadening for HM events is observed for simulations based on the PYTHIA 8 Monte Carlo generator, which does not incorporate jet quenching. Detailed analysis of these data and simulations show that the azimuthal broadening is due to bias of the HM selection towards events with multiple jets in the final state. The identification of this bias has implications for all jet quenching searches where selection is made on the event activity.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Conservative scattering of Reissner-Nordström black holes at third post-Minkowskian order

Using a recently developed effective field theory formalism for extreme mass ratios arXiv:2308.14832, we present a calculation of charged black hole scattering at third post-Minkowskian order. The charges and masses are kept arbitrary, and the result interpolates from the scattering of Schwarzschild to extremal charged black holes, and beyond to charged particles in electrodynamics — agreeing with previously reported results in all such limits. The computation of the radial action is neatly organized in powers of the mass ratio. The probe (0SF) contributions are readily computed by direct integration of the radial momentum, and we use the effective field theory to compute the subleading (1SF) contributions via background-field Feynman rules supplemented by an operator encoding recoil of the background. Together these contributions completely determine the conservative physics at order O (G 3 ). .

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

On-shell recursion and holomorphic HQET for heavy quark hadronic resonances

We develop a new theoretical framework for the treatment of heavy quark (HQ) resonances within heavy quark effective theory (HQET). This framework uses on-shell recursion techniques to express the resonant amplitude as a product of on-shell subamplitudes, which allows one to employ a form-factor representation of the hadronic matrix elements and to obtain an HQ expansion, but at the price of introducing complex momenta. We construct a generalized “holomorphic HQET” onto which such complex-momentum matrix elements can be matched, and we show that PT symmetry ensures the Isgur-Wise functions (and the perturbative corrections) become holomorphic functions of the complex recoil parameter with real coefficients. They are thus an analytic continuation of the standard HQET description. This framework admits a HQ hadron (strong decay) width expansion. At second order, we show it is compatible with data for the B12∗$$ {B}_{1(2)}^{\left(\ast \right)} $$ and D12∗$$ {D}_{1(2)}^{\left(\ast \right)} $$ HQ doublets. Taking the B¯→D1∗1−→Dπlν$$ \overline{B}\to \left({D}_1^{\ast}\left({1}^{-}\right)\to D\pi \right) l u $$ system as an example, we compute the holomorphic HQET expansion to first order, as well as the complex-momentum on-shell subamplitudes. A toy numerical study of the resulting differential rates demonstrates that this framework generates HQ resonance lineshapes with large tails, resembling those seen in data.

Manzari, Claudio Andrea↗

Cross-section measurements for the production of a Z boson in association with high-transverse-momentum jets in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Cross-section measurements for a $Z$ boson produced in association with high-transverse-momentum jets ($p_T$ ≥ 100 GeV) and decaying into a charged-lepton pair ($e^+$$e^–$, $µ^+$$µ^–$) are presented. The measurements are performed using proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb –1 collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Measurements of angular correlations between the $Z$ boson and the closest jet are performed in events with at least one jet with $p_T$ ≥ 500 GeV. Event topologies of particular interest are the collinear emission of a $Z$ boson in dijet events and a boosted $Z$ boson recoiling against a jet. Fiducial cross sections are compared with state-of-the-art theoretical predictions. The data are found to agree with next-to-nextto-leading-order predictions by NNLOjet and with the next-to-leading-order multi-leg generators MadGraph5_aMC@NLO and Sherpa.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Earth-catalyzed detection of magnetic inelastic dark matter with photons in large underground detectors

Inelastic dark matter with moderate splittings, $\mathcal{O}$ (few to 150) keV, can upscatter to an excited state in the Earth, with the excited state subsequently decaying, leaving a distinctive monoenergetic photon signal in large underground detectors. The photon signal can exhibit sidereal-daily modulation, providing excellent separation from backgrounds. Using a detailed numerical simulation, we examine this process as a search strategy for magnetic inelastic dark matter with the dark matter mass near the weak scale, where the upscatter to the excited state and decay proceed through the same magnetic dipole transition operator. At lower inelastic splittings, the scattering is dominated by moderate mass elements in the Earth with high spin, especially 27 Al, while at larger splittings, 56 Fe becomes the dominant target. We show that the proposed large volume gaseous detector CYGNUS will have excellent sensitivity to this signal. Xenon detectors also provide excellent sensitivity through the inelastic nuclear recoil signal, and if a future signal is seen, we show that the synergy among both types of detection can provide strong evidence for magnetic inelastic dark matter. In the course we have calculated nuclear response functions for elements relevant for scattering in the Earth, which are publicly available on GitHub.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for long-lived heavy neutrinos in the decays of B mesons produced in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 13 TeV

A search for long-lived heavy neutrinos (N) in the decays of B mesons produced in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 13 TeV is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 41.6 fb$^{−1}$ collected in 2018 by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, using a dedicated data stream that enhances the number of recorded events containing B mesons. The search probes heavy neutrinos with masses in the range 1 < m$_{N}$ < 3 GeV and decay lengths in the range 10$^{−2}$ < cτ$_{N}$ < 10$^{4}$ mm, where τ$_{N}$ is the N proper mean lifetime. Signal events are defined by the signature B → ℓ$_{B}$NX; N → ℓ$^{±}$π$^{∓}$, where the leptons ℓ$_{B}$ and ℓ can be either a muon or an electron, provided that at least one of them is a muon. The hadronic recoil system, X, is treated inclusively and is not reconstructed. No significant excess of events over the standard model background is observed in any of the ℓ$^{±}$π$^{∓}$ invariant mass distributions. Limits at 95% confidence level on the sum of the squares of the mixing amplitudes between heavy and light neutrinos, |V$_{N}$|$^{2}$, and on cτ$_{N}$ are obtained in different mixing scenarios for both Majorana and Dirac-like N particles. The most stringent upper limit |V$_{N}$|$^{2}$ < 2.0 × 10$^{−5}$ is obtained at m$_{N}$ = 1.95 GeV for the Majorana case where N mixes exclusively with muon neutrinos. The limits on |V$_{N}$|$^{2}$ for masses 1 < m$_{N}$ < 1.7 GeV are the most stringent from a collider experiment to date.[graphic not available: see fulltext]

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Disentangling observable dependence in SCET I and SCET II anomalous dimensions: angularities at two loops

The resummation of radiative corrections to collider jet observables using soft collinear effective theory is encoded in differential renormalization group equations (RGEs), with anomalous dimensions depending on the observable under consideration. This observable dependence arises from the ultraviolet (UV) singular structure of real phase space integrals in the effective field theory. We show that the observable dependence of anomalous dimensions in SCET I problems can be disentangled by introducing a suitable UV regulator in real radiation integrals. Resummation in the presence of the new regulator can be performed by solving a two-dimensional system of RGEs in the collinear and soft sectors, and resembles many features of resummation in SCET II theories by means of the rapidity renormalization group. We study the properties of SCET I with the additional regulator and explore the connection with the system of RGEs in SCET II theories, highlighting some universal patterns that can be exploited in perturbative calculations. As an application, we compute the two-loop soft and jet anomalous dimensions for a family of recoil-free angularities and give new analytic results. This allows us to study the relations between the SCET I and SCET II limits for these observables. We also discuss how the extra UV regulator can be exploited to calculate anomalous dimensions numerically, and the prospects for numerical resummation.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Next-to-leading power endpoint factorization and resummation for off-diagonal “gluon” thrust

The lack of convergence of the convolution integrals appearing in next-to-leading-power (NLP) factorization theorems prevents the applications of existing methods to resum power-suppressed large logarithmic corrections in collider physics. We consider thrust distribution in the two-jet region for the flavour-nonsinglet off-diagonal contribution, where a gluon-initiated jet recoils against a quark-antiquark pair, which is power-suppressed. With the help of operatorial endpoint factorization conditions, we obtain a factorization formula, where the individual terms are free from endpoint divergences in convolutions and can be expressed in terms of renormalized hard, soft and collinear functions in four dimensions. This allows us to perform the first resummation of the endpoint-divergent SCETI observables at the leading logarithmic accuracy using exclusively renormalization-group methods. The presented approach relies on universal properties of the soft and collinear limits and may serve as a paradigm for the systematic NLP resummation for other 1 → 2 and 2 → 1 collider physics processes.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Observation of the ${\textrm{B}}_{\textrm{s}}^0$ → χ c1 (3872) π + π - decay

The first observation of the ${B}_s^0$ → ( Xc1 (3872) → J/ψπ + π - )π + π - decay is reported using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 1, 2 and 6 fb -1 , collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV, respectively. The ratio of branching fractions relative to the ${B}_s^0$ → (ψ(2S) → J/ψπ + π - )π + π - decay is measured to be $\frac{\mathcal{B}(B^{0}_{s} → X_{c1}(3872)π^+π^-) x \mathcal{B} (X_{c1}(3872) → J/ψπ^+π^-)}{\mathcal{B}(B^0_{s} → ψ(2S)π^+π^-) X \mathcal{B} (ψ(2S) → Jψπ^+π^-)}$ = (6.8 ± 1.1 ± 0.2) x 10 -2 where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The mass spectrum of the π + π - system recoiling against the Xc1 (3872) meson exhibits a large contribution from ${B}_s^0$ → Xc1 (3872) (f 0 (980) → π + π - ) decays.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Generalized eikonal identities for charged currents

Abstract We discuss QED radiative corrections to contact operators coupling two heavy fields and one light field. These operators appear ubiquitously in weak interactions with nuclei such as beta decay and neutrino nucleus scattering. New eikonal identities are derived in the static limit (i.e., neglecting nuclear recoil) that allow for manifest power counting of enhancements proportional to the charge of the nucleus. We apply these new identities to nuclear beta decays and find that the “independent particle model” used by Jaus, Rasche, Sirlin & Zucchini is closely related, though not identical, to a model independent effective field theorcalculation.

Physics↗

Differential cross-sections for events with missing transverse momentum and jets measured with the ATLAS detector in 13 TeV proton-proton collisions

Measurements of inclusive, differential cross-sections for the production of events with missing transverse momentum in association with jets in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV are presented. The measurements are made with the ATLAS detector using an integrated luminosity of 140 fb –1 and include measurements of dijet distributions in a region in which vector-boson fusion processes are enhanced. They are unfolded to correct for detector resolution and efficiency within the fiducial acceptance, and are designed to allow robust comparisons with a wide range of theoretical predictions. A measurement of differential cross sections for the Z → νν process is made. The measurements are generally well-described by Standard Model predictions except for the dijet invariant mass distribution. Auxiliary measurements of the hadronic system recoiling against isolated leptons, and photons, are also made in the same phase space. Ratios between the measured distributions are then derived, to take advantage of cancellations in modelling effects and some of the major systematic uncertainties. These measurements are sensitive to new phenomena, and provide a mechanism to easily set constraints on phenomenological models. To illustrate the robustness of the approach, these ratios are compared with two common Dark Matter models, where the constraints derived from the measurement are comparable to those set by dedicated detector-level searches.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for lepton flavor-violating decay modes B 0 → K* 0 τ ± ℓ ∓ (ℓ = e, μ) with hadronic B-tagging at Belle and Belle II

We present the results of a search for the charged-lepton-flavor violating decays B 0 → K *0 τ ± ℓ ∓ , where ℓ ∓ is either an electron or a muon. The results are based on 365 fb −1 and 711 fb −1 datasets collected with the Belle II and Belle detectors, respectively. We use an exclusive hadronic B-tagging technique, and search for a signal decay in the system recoiling against a fully reconstructed B meson. We find no evidence for B 0 → K* 0 τ ± ℓ ∓ decays and set upper limits on the branching fractions in the range of (2.9–6.4)×10 −5 at 90% confidence level.

B physics↗

Large neutrino magnetic moments in the light of recent experiments

The excess in electron recoil events reported recently by the XENON1T experiment may be interpreted as evidence for a sizable transition magnetic moment μ v e v μ of Majorana neutrinos. We show the consistency of this scenario when a single component transition magnetic moment takes values μ v e v μ ∈(1.65-3.42) x 10 -11 μ B . Such a large value typically leads to unacceptably large neutrino masses. In this paper we show that new leptonic symmetries can solve this problem and demonstrate this with several examples. We first revive and then propose a simplified model based on SU(2) H horizontal symmetry. Owing to the difference in their Lorentz structures, in the SU(2) H symmetric limit, mν vanishes while μ v e v μ is nonzero. Our simplified model is based on an approximate SU(2) H , which we also generalize to a three family SU(3)H-symmetry. Collider and low energy tests of these models are analyzed. We have also analyzed implications of the XENON1T data for the Zee model and its extensions which naturally generate a large μ v e v μ with suppressed m ν via a spin symmetry mechanism, but found that the induced μ v e v μ is not large enough to explain recent data. Finally, we suggest a mechanism to evade stringent astrophysical limits on neutrino magnetic moments arising from stellar evolution by inducing a medium-dependent mass for the neutrino.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Muon g -2 anomaly and neutrino magnetic moments

We show that a unified framework based on an SU(2) H horizontal symmetry which generates a naturally large neutrino transition magnetic moment and explains the XENON1T electron recoil excess also predicts a positive shift in the muon anomalous magnetic moment. This shift is of the right magnitude to be consistent with the Brookhaven measurement as well as the recent Fermilab measurement of the muon g-2. A relatively light neutral scalar from a Higgs doublet with mass near 100 GeV contributes to muon g-2, while its charged partner induces the neutrino magnetic moment. In contrast to other multi-scalar theories, in the model presented here there is no freedom to control the sign and strength of the muon g-2 contribution. We analyze the collider tests of this framework and find that the HL-LHC can probe the entire parameter space of these models.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Gravitational scattering and beyond from extreme mass ratio effective field theory

We explore a recently proposed effective field theory describing electromagnetically or gravitationally interacting massive particles in an expansion about their mass ratio, also known as the self-force (SF) expansion. By integrating out the deviation of the heavy particle about its inertial trajectory, we obtain an effective action whose only degrees of freedom are the lighter particle together with the photon or graviton, all propagating in a Coulomb or Schwarzschild background. The 0SF dynamics are described by the usual background field method, which at 1SF is supplemented by a “recoil operator” that encodes the wobble of the heavy particle, and similarly computable corrections appearing at 2SF and higher. Our formalism exploits the fact that the analytic expressions for classical backgrounds and particle trajectories encode dynamical information to all orders in the couplings, and from them we extract multiloop integrands for perturbative scattering. As a check, we study the two-loop classical scattering of scalar particles in electromagnetism and gravity, verifying known results. We then present new calculations for the two-loop classical scattering of dyons, and of particles interacting with an additional scalar or vector field coupling directly to the lighter particle but only gravitationally to the heavier particle.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Self-absorption and Phonon Pulse Shape Discrimination in Scintillating Bolometers

In this work, we show that self-absorption of photons in scintillating bolometers can differentiate phonon pulse shapes between α (or nuclear recoil) and β/γ signals. This enables phonon pulse shape discrimination for particle identification. We establish a detector signal model that includes self-absorption and compare the simulated phonon pulse shapes with previously reported experimental results. The model predicts increase in pulse shape difference at higher self-absorption. Based on this result, we propose a new design of scintillating bolometers using 4π light reflectors for maximized self-absorption and only a single phonon readout, instead of light detectors that are typically employed for particle discrimination in scintillating bolometers.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Light Dark Matter Detection with Hydrogen-Rich Targets and Low-$T_c$ TES Detectors

Direct detection of nuclear scatterings of sub-GeV dark matter (DM) particles favors low-Z nuclei. Hydrogen nucleus, which has a single proton, provides the best kinematic match. The characteristic nuclear recoil energy is boosted by a factor of a few tens from those for larger nuclei used in traditional Weakly Interacting Massive Particles searches. Furthermore, hydrogen is optimal for detecting spin-dependent nuclear scatterings of sub-GeV DM, where large parameter space still remains unconstrained yet. In this paper, we first introduce several hydrogen-rich targets, which emit two classes of signals under kinetic excitations. One class of the signals is infrared photons, which are from fundamental vibrational and rotational modes of molecules and at several characteristic wavelengths. Another is acoustic phonons and optical phonons that decay into acoustic phonons. Then we discuss the technical status and future researches of low-T c transition-edge sensor (TES) detectors, which measure the infrared photons and acoustic phonons with desirable sensitivities. Utilization of hydrogen-rich targets and ultra-sensitive low-T c TES detectors for light DM detection requires both theoretical modeling and experimental prototyping.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗